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地表水-地下水（SW-GW）相互作用对砷在浅层地下水系统中的运移至关重要,但其模式和强度对地下水中砷运移的影响尚不清楚.本文针对江汉平原仙桃市沙湖原种场野外地下水三维监测试验场,开展野外监测和三维地下水数值模拟.结果发现雨季地表水补给地下水,SW-GW相互作用强度较大,地下水砷浓度升高;旱季地下水补给地表水,SW-GW相互作用强度减弱,地下水砷浓度降低.SW-GW相互作用模式与强度的季节转变导致地下水流速和流向产生季节响应.模型估算出雨季和旱季地面以下10～25 m最大垂向砷交换量分别为457.2 mg/d、191.3 mg/d,地面以下28 m处水平砷交换量分别为4 380.0 mg/d、1 385.6 mg/d. 相似文献
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内蒙古河套平原是世界地方性砷中毒较为严重的地区之一。笔者以平原西部的重病区杭锦后旗为研究区,对高砷地下水赋存环境进行了调查研究。研究表明:高砷区沉积物中As的含量为7.7～34.6mg/kg,其中粘性土和亚粘性土中As含量相对较高。高砷地下水的pH值为7.0～8.3,平均Eh值为-155.1mV,平均矿化度为1.58g/L,主要的水化学类型包括:Cl-HCO3-Na型、Cl-Na型、HCO3-Cl-Na型,As的含量为15.5～1093μg/L,且主要以As(Ⅲ)形态存在,水中DOC(0.73～35.76mg/L)、HCO3-(283.75～1290.48mg/L)、NH4+(0.27～10.48mg/L)的浓度较高,硝酸盐和硫酸盐含量较低。研究区的氟中毒现象也较严重,高氟地下水中氟含量为1.11～6.01mg/L。绝大多数高氟水中砷含量也超标,出现了一种高砷水与高氟水并存的现象。综合判断,河套平原的高砷地下水赋存环境处于还原性环境。还原条件下,高砷区沉积物中的铁/锰氧化物的还原溶解易使吸附的砷释放到地下水中。这是研究区高砷地下水形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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自中新生代以来,在松嫩平原巨大的断陷盆地内沉积了巨厚的古近-新近系和第四系沉积物,形成了由潜水和承压水组成的大型蓄水构造。该区潜水和第四系承压水氟含量较高,在194个样品中,氟的均值为3.45mg/L,范围值为0.25～14mg/L。饮用高氟地下水导致氟中毒大规范流行。研究表明高氟地下水主要分布在山前补给区-蒸发排泄区的过渡带和盆地中部地下水强烈蒸发带,地下水化学类型为HCO3-Na·Mg和HCO3-Cl·Na型,总溶解性固体含量为689.84～2005.6mg/L。高氟水的形成与气候、水文、地质构造、岩石与土壤、水文地质和水化学条件等自然因素有关,同时受不合理开采地下水等人为因素的影响。开展氟病区地下水环境特征和高氟水成因研究对于有效实施安全供水有重要意义。 相似文献
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运城盆地地下水同位素年龄特征及其演化过程和可持续利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
侯金武 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(6):1-5
通过分析运城盆地地下水的碳同位素组成,结合水化学特征,揭示了盆地深层承压地下水的补给期为22～3 ka BP （现代碳百分比(a14C) 6~38 pmC）。浅层地下水（71~89 pmC）由现代水或现代水和老水混合组成。深层地下水氢氧同位素组成特征（δ18O~-10‰; δ2H~-70‰）表明地下老水在气候较冷的环境下受到补给,而浅层地下水的氢氧同位素组成（δ18O~-8‰; δ2H～-51‰）特征与现代西安降水组成相似。浅层地下水NO-3平均含量（31mg/L）比深层地下水（1.8 mg/L）高,硝酸盐的δ15N－δ18ONO3 组成 (0‰～5‰）揭示了硝酸盐的主要来源为综合肥料。此外,浅层地下水的TDS由于蒸散发、矿物溶解,可达8.5 g/L（平均2.0 g/L）,深层地下老水TDS可达1.8 g/L（平均1.1g/L）水质相对较好。研究区目前主要开采深层地下水,受断裂带影响,浅层地下水已经侵入中深层地下水并与之发生混合,严重影响了中深层地下水的水质。如果发生大规模的浅层地下水与中深层地下水混合,会造成中深层地下老水的NO-3、TDS等含量越来越高。 相似文献
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依据2006—2016年间采集的区内475件地下水无机分析数据以及钻探岩心易溶盐测试数据,详细研究了微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布特征和富集机制。结果表明:微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布有明显的东西分区特征,湖西冲积、湖积平原区有大范围的高氟地下水,在深度0—40 m的浅层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~2 mg/L为主,仅现代黄河影响带地下水氟含量小于1 mg/L,金乡、单县、嘉祥局部超过3 mg/L,最大值9.5 mg/L;在深度150—400 m的深层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~1.5 mg/L为主,菏泽—单县条带氟含量超过2 mg/L,最大值3.5 mg/L。微山湖东冲积、洪积平原浅层孔隙地下水、深层岩溶地下水氟含量均小于1 mg/L。湖西冲积、湖积平原沉积物中可溶性氟含量随深度增加而降低。微山湖流域湖西高氟地下水形成受物质来源、淋滤和蒸发浓缩等三方面因素共同控制,CaF_2的溶解平衡是控制地下水F–含量的重要因素。 相似文献
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地下水中钙和镁的离子色谱法同时测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
改进了离子色谱分析地下水中钙和镁的方法。以IonPac CS12A为分离柱,稀盐酸为淋洗液,电导检测器检测,对地下水中的锂、钾、钠、钙和镁进行同时测定。方法具有较宽的线性范围和较高的灵敏度,钙、镁的浓度分别在0～500mg/L和0～250mg/L内呈良好的线性关系;钙的检出限为1.50μg/L,镁的检出限为0.89μg/L。对不同浓度钙、镁水质标准样品进行分析测定,同时对实际样品进行不同稀释倍数分析验证,方法精密度(RSD,n=8)为0.19%～1.89%,无显著的基体效应影响。方法可满足全国地下水调查评价规范要求,适于地下水样品中锂、钾、钠、钙和镁离子的同时测定。 相似文献
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在实地调查和采样分析的基础上,运用地质统计学方法,研究了丰沛地区浅层地下水氟含量的空间变异和分布特征。结果表明:丰沛地区62.75%的水样氟含量超过了国家饮用水标准,最大7.11mg/L,平均含量为1.51mg/L。其中39.22%的水样氟含量在1～2mg/L,3.92%的水样氟含量超过4mg/L。丰沛地区浅层地下水氟含量在一定范围内存在空间自相关性,具有明显的各向异性特征。在空间分布上,氟含量总体呈现西北、东南高和东北低的特征,氟含量大于1.00mg/L的面积约占整个研究区域的87.21%,大于2.20mg/L的面积约占12.12%。丰沛地区浅层地下水氟含量超过1.00mg/L的最大概率0.953,其中概率达到0.85以上的为高风险区域,面积297.18km2,占整个研究区的10.81%,主要分布在丰沛地区的西北部和东南部。 相似文献
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《地下水》2020,(4)
在掌握大草湖泉水形成的水文地质条件的基础上,采集该区域泉水、井水进行水质检测,对地下水化学类型、矿化度和pH值与锶含量的变化规律进行研究,并结合地下水的补给、径流、排泄过程中锶含量的浓度水平变化以及放射性同位素14C测年结果,明确了大草湖饮用矿泉水中锶富集的形成原因。结果可知:研究区内的北部补给区泉水中的锶含量变化较大,向中部及南部经过充分混合,至大草湖一带锶的含量相对趋于稳定;研究区内的地下水化学类型以HCO3SO4-CaNa型水为主,北部补给区地下水化学类型以以SO4Cl-NaCa型水为主,所对应的锶含量在0. 3～0. 69 mg/L,平均为0. 51 mg/L,地下水矿化度在171. 3～948. 4 mg/L,平均为336. 5 mg/L,总体来说,矿化度较低;地下水中锶的来源主要不是受溶滤作用形成的; pH值在7. 69～8. 22,随着地下水中pH值继续增大,水中锶含量可能会呈现减少趋势。该泉水具有现代水和古代水的混合特征,锶元素主要不受溶滤作用影响,在未进入研究区时已经富集。 相似文献
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Hydrogeophysical investigations of the Pleistocene aquifer at the Kom Hamada area, Egypt, have been conducted to determine the characteristics of groundwater. The main water-bearing formations in the study area are composed of Quaternary deposits. Water samples were taken and chemically analyzed at 29 sites. The constructed iso-salinity contour map of the study area showed an increase in salinity from 451.75 mg/l at eastern parts to 1,091.85 mg/l at western parts. The groundwater of the study area showed a hydrochemical evolution from Ca–HCO3 at the eastern side to Na–Cl at the western side. Some of groundwater constituents have high concentration values exceeding the safe limit for drinking. Eighteen vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted in the study area. These soundings were conducted near existing wells to obtain layer parameters of the various penetrated layers and to calculate the petrophysical characteristics of the aquifers. The resistivity of the first water-bearing layer ranges between 34 and 47 Ω m. The thickness of this layer ranges between 26 and 79 m. This layer represents the first aquifer, where it is followed by another water-bearing layer with resistivity ranges between 29 and 62 Ω m and extends downward. The two aquifers are hydraulically connected. Variation of the resistivities of these two water-bearing layers is mainly due to the lithological variation. The resistivity values along with the TDS values of the two water-bearing layers indicate fresh to brackish water types. 相似文献
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江西兴国县地下水中富含偏硅酸,水资源丰富,但对矿泉水资源禀赋等研究相对薄弱,开展该县偏硅酸矿泉水水化学特征和健康功能研究,可为当地发展矿泉水产业、实施乡村振兴战略提供基础支撑。本文应用数理统计、水化学分析、离子比值等多种分析方法研究了兴国县潜在偏硅酸矿泉水的分布、水化学特征以及成因与物质来源,并基于感官指数和健康指数对其健康功能进行了评价。结果表明：潜在偏硅酸矿泉水主要分布在岩浆岩裂隙含水岩组、碎屑岩孔隙裂隙含水岩组和变质岩裂隙含水岩组中,这三类含水岩组的调查水样中,发现潜在偏硅酸矿泉水的比例分别为48.5%、45.7%、29.6%,且主要分布在海拔400m以下区域。潜在偏硅酸矿泉水的偏硅酸含量多集中在32~40mg/L之间,主要来自硅酸盐矿物的水解;在变质岩、岩浆岩裂隙含水岩组区,偏硅酸的富集以溶滤作用为主;在碎屑岩孔隙裂隙含水岩组区,偏硅酸的富集受溶滤作用和阳离子交替吸附作用共同影响。该县岩浆岩裂隙含水组区潜在偏硅酸矿泉水口感最佳,深层碎屑岩孔隙含水组区潜在偏硅酸矿泉水健康指数相对较高。本文认为,兴国县矿泉水勘查开发靶区宜以岩浆岩裂隙含水岩组区和深层碎屑岩孔隙裂隙含水岩组区为主。研究成果可为揭示兴国县偏硅酸矿泉水资源价值和功能提供参考。 相似文献
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Awni T. Batayneh 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(7):1277-1283
The alluvial aquifer is the primary source of groundwater along the eastern Dead Sea shoreline, Jordan. Over the last 20 years, salinity has risen in some existing wells and several new wells have encountered brackish water in areas thought to contain fresh water. A good linear correlation exists between the water resistivity and the chloride concentration of groundwater and shows that the salinity is the most important factor controlling resistivity. Two-dimensional electrical tomography (ET) integrated with geoelectrical soundings were employed to delineate different water-bearing formations and the configuration of the interface between them. The present hydrological system and the related brines and interfaces are controlled by the Dead Sea base level, presently at 410 m b.s.l. Resistivity measurements show a dominant trend of decreasing resistivity (thus increasing salinity) with depth and westward towards the Dead Sea. Accordingly, three zones with different resistivity values were detected, corresponding to three different water-bearing formations: (1) strata saturated with fresh to slightly brackish groundwater; (2) a transition zone of brine mixed with fresh to brackish groundwater; (3) a water-bearing formation containing Dead Sea brine. In addition, a low resistivity unit containing brine was detected above the 1955 Dead Sea base level, which was interpreted as having remained unflushed by infiltrating rain. 相似文献
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河南省鲁山县下汤地热田地热资源分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对鲁山县下汤地热田地热地质条件、地热流体化学特征、地热田边界、热储特征及其埋藏条件,进行了论述;分析了地热流体流场特征及其动态、地温场特征;初步建立热模型,对地热资源和地热可开采资源量及地热流体质量进行了评价;提出了地热资源的开发利用方向、保护措施及建议. 相似文献
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Gwenaelle Olivi -Lauquet Thierry Allard Jacques Bertaux Jean-Pierre Muller 《Chemical Geology》2000,170(1-4):113-131
Suspended matter (SM) from the Nyong basin (Cameroon, Africa), a tropical watershed, was collected by tangential flow ultrafiltration to separate particulate (>0.45 μm) and colloidal (<0.45 μm; >20 kDa) fractions. In this basin, two distinctive systems in a selected small catchment (Nsimi–Zoétélé) of the Nyong river basin have been considered: (i) colourless water (groundwater and spring) with a low suspended load (<3 mg/l) and a low total organic carbon content (TOC<1 mg/l) and (ii) coloured water (Mengong brook and Nyong river), which is organic rich (TOC>10 mg/l) and contains higher amounts of SM (10–20 mg/l) than the colourless water. Freeze-dried samples of SM have been analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS).
Colourless water mainly contains mineral phases, such as poorly ordered kaolinite, plus quartz and goethite in the particulate fraction, and euhedral kaolinite plus amorphous iron oxyhydroxides in the colloidal fraction. In contrast, the SM in coloured water is mainly organic in nature. The mineral phases in the particulate fraction are similar to those from clear water, but with additional phytoliths and diatom frustules composed of biogenic opal. In the colloidal fraction, complexation of Fe3+ and Mn2+ with organic matter is evidenced by EPR, together with significant occurrence of Fe oxyhydroxides associated with organic matter.
The sites of Al, Si, Fe, Mn in colloidal fractions derived from spectroscopic analyses are discussed with reference to chemical analyses performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Most of the observed solid phases or species correspond to those expected from published thermodynamic calculations for the same hydrosystem, except the colloidal iron oxyhydroxides in the coloured water. The presence of such iron phases is emphasised since they are expected to have large sorption capacities for numerous trace elements.
The crystal chemistry of SM is used to discuss the origin of the mineral particles transported from the soil to the main rivers in terms of mechanical and chemical erosion processes. 相似文献
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吉林省潜水地球化学分区及背景特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以气候、地形地貌、含水介质等自然环境因素为分区原则,对吉林省潜水进行了水文地球化学分区,共划分4个区和13个亚区,并论述了各区的分布特点、水文地球化学及环境背景特征。 相似文献
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通过主量元素和稀土元素相结合的方法,对大台沟铁矿成矿物质来源提出了有效制约.研究表明：大台沟铁矿化学成分主要由TFe2O3和SiO2组成,并且具有较低的Al2O3和TiO2含量,这一特征与鞍本地区及山西五台山和冀东迁安地区铁矿一致,表明大台沟铁矿为火山沉积变质铁矿.稀土元素呈现轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集的特征,具有明显的Eu正异常特征,这些特征表明成矿物质来源于火山热液和海水的混合液. 相似文献
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地下水在含水层中运移,不断与其含水介质发生水岩作用,溶解介质中化学元素。在地下水运移过程中,地下水的化学成分与含量不断发生变化。影响矿区地下水化学成分的主要因素有含水层的岩石组合、矿物的溶解度、地下水的径流特点、混合作用及人为作用等。 相似文献
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Historically, the arid conditions of La Rioja, Argentina have been the main controlling factor in its development. The shortage
of surface water, which is fully used, makes groundwater a potential source for development. The government encouraged investment
in early 1979, resulting in a 20-fold increase of groundwater extraction by 1998 (0.076–1.450 m3/s, respectively) to cover related needs of agriculture, industry and population growth. This extraction created unjustified
uncertainties derived from negative results obtained in hydrological balances. However, a 0.5 m lowering of the water-table
surface was experienced. A knowledge of groundwater functioning was required to establish a reliable frame of reference for
development and, at the same time, to find possible scenarios of feasible economic activities in harmony with accessible water
resources and aptitude of the environment. The flow regime was found to be composed of three main systems: a regional, an
intermediate and several local. The intermediate system provides water for the extraction boreholes, and discharges naturally
in Salina La Antigua. From the chemical perspective the intermediate system has three groundwater groups. Group I has an outstanding
fluoride concentration (1.98–3.10 mg/l) defined to the north of the City of la Rioja and the highest temperature (26.8–33.0°C),
the lowest lithium content (0.029–0.059 mg/l) and moderate arsenic (≤0.038 mg/l). Group II has the moderate arsenic content
(≤0.38 mg/l) detected to the south of the City of La Rioja and high lithium (0.024–0.085 mg/l), Group III has the lowest TDS
(456–931 mg/l) and arsenic (0.007–0.012 mg/l) and the highest lithium (0.067–0.141 mg/l). to A regional flow is represented
by Group IV with one order of magnitude higher strontium (4.870 mg/l), lead (0.021 mg/l) and uranium (0.362 mg/l) content
than the other groups. Results provide evidence to eliminate several well-established hydro-myths such as “the boreholes are
getting dry” and “boreholes are getting saline water”. The aquifer (granular Tertiary and Quaternary material) thickness (≈750m)
was defined with the aid of the geological framework, geothermometers and Modflow modelling. The aquifer extent extends far
beyond the limits of the study area. Several economic activities were found to be feasible with available groundwater resources
and without bordening the environment (fish farming, bottled-water marketing, SPA activities and farming of endangered species). 相似文献