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1.
论羌塘盆地油气勘探前景 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
羌塘盆地与中东油气区同属于特提斯构造域，是我国陆上新区面积最大的海相盆地。近20年来，我国油气地质工作者在条件极其艰苦的藏北高原开展了系统的油气地质调查和研究工作，完成了从含油气盆地分析到资源潜力评价、战略选区、靶区预测、井位论证及实施科探井的全过程，获得了一系列新发现和新认识，提出了羌塘盆地是我国最有希望取得突破的油气勘探新区。但是，对上述认识也还存在不同的看法，特别是对油气保存条件和盆地生烃潜力，还存在“好”与“不好”两种截然不同的观点。本文根据最近完成的羌塘盆地科探井工程（羌科 1井）及其配套的地质—地球物理工作所取得的最新资料，结合近20年来羌塘盆地油气地质调查所取得的成果，重点围绕烃源岩与保存条件这两个方面，对羌塘盆地油气地质特征进行论述，力求客观、准确评价羌塘盆地油气保存条件，同时分析、预测了盆地生烃潜力及油气远景，并提出下一步油气勘探建议，以期持续推进羌塘盆地未来油气勘探工作，早日实现盆地油气勘探重大突破。 相似文献
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羌塘盆地为我国陆上油气资源潜力巨大的一个中生代海相残留盆地,地处青藏高原腹地,但高原的强烈隆升、新构造运动的频繁作用和中上侏罗统的大片裸露,以侏罗系为目的层的油气,能否保存至今令人怀疑。羌塘盆地油气保存条件的问题已成为石油地质条件评价中一个十分突出的焦点问题。笔者就已有的资料,通过对新生代构造活动、断裂活动影响和高原隆升等方面的初步分析,对羌塘盆地油气的保存条件进行初步的探讨。 相似文献
3.
藏北羌塘盆地与西亚特提斯盆地构造比较及其油气远景 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
羌塘盆地是中国西部除塔里木、柴达木、准噶尔盆地外，又一大型古生代一中新生代盆地。与其具有相似构造背景的西亚特提斯带盆地群是目前世界上油气最富集的地区。通过对西亚特提斯带含油气盆地的形成、构造演化背景的分析，探讨了盆地油气富集的地质条件，认为羌塘盆地的形成演化与特提斯西段阿富汗地块具有相似性，侏罗纪的沉积演化和构造格局与中亚的长拉库姆油气盆地类似，故具备形成油气的基本条件。然而，羌塘盆地距喜马拉雅褶皱带较近，新近纪以来构造改造十分强烈。逆冲推覆作用一方面可以产生构造圈闭，但也使烃源岩的成熟度偏高，不利于油气的保存，这与中东地区含油气盆地油气大量聚集的油气田具有显著差异。为此羌塘盆地的油气勘探应寻找保存条件与生油条件相匹配的地区。 相似文献
4.
藏北羌塘盆地最大规模沥青脉的发现 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
羌塘盆地有着与中东特提斯油气集聚区可类比的油气地质条件,1994-1997年间,中石油总公司在其中开展了大规模的综合性油气地质调查工作,取得了丰硕成果,进一步证实其为一个重要的含油气盆地. 相似文献
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羌塘盆地地处青藏高原腹地,油气资源丰富,是我国目前唯一未大规模勘探的含油气盆地。研究其地质结构,将为青藏高原科学考察与油气地质条件评价奠立重要基础。本文针对羌塘盆地“古生代南、北基底有别,中生代周缘板块构造边界限制,新生代陆内构造变形强烈”这一典型的缝合带上的多旋回复合、叠合盆地,利用盆地内部的钻井与高精度反射地震剖面对其分层地质结构进行研究。结果表明,羌塘盆地发育上三叠统肖茶卡组,中-下侏罗统雀莫错组,中侏罗统布曲组与中侏罗统夏里组泥岩、膏岩、膏泥岩等4套区域性滑脱层;此外,还发育下侏罗统曲色组泥质岩,上侏罗统索瓦组的泥灰岩、泥岩,始新统唢呐湖组的膏盐、泥岩,二叠系煤层等4套局部性滑脱层;基底内部发育韧性剪切层。它们在垂向上将羌塘盆地分划为软弱层与能干层相间的多套组合。受区域性滑脱层控制,羌塘盆地发育分层变形系统;滑脱层上、下构造几何学样式差异较大,运动学指向也不一致;整体表现为大型多重滑脱构造变形系统。分层滑脱变形系统约束了油气保存单元的分布。分层滑脱变形将为进一步认识羌塘盆地,评价羌塘盆地的油气保存单元提供新的学术思路。 相似文献
7.
西藏羌塘盆地天然气水合物地球物理特征识别与预测 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
天然气水合物是21世纪的新能源，对它的研究受到世界上许多国家的高度重视。青藏高原北部的羌塘盆地分布着一套我国唯一的海相侏罗系，油气资源潜力巨大，具有丰富的天然气来源和圈闭构造及永久冻土层。在详细论述天然气水合物形成条件、羌塘盆地构造及永久冻土特征的基础上，重点讨论了羌塘盆地天然气水合物地球物理特征的识别与预测。得出羌塘盆地地质条件较好，是寻找永久冻土带天然气水合物的有利地区的结论。并指出应尽快全方位的开展羌塘盆地及青藏高原其他地区天然气水合物的研究。 相似文献
8.
白云岩作为含油气盆地最重要的储层,长期以来一直是盆地油气评价和勘探的重点。报道近期在南羌塘安多地区达卓玛地区发现的含油白云岩地质特征。白云岩出露于中侏罗世布曲组,厚度大于30m,横向延伸大于80m,岩石类型为中-粗晶白云岩,其孔隙度在5.0%~17.0%之间,渗透率在2.84×10-3~236×10-3μm2之间,属于低孔低渗至中孔低渗储层,与已发现的隆鄂尼优质白云岩相似,是盆地良好的储集层。空间上,达卓玛白云岩位于隆鄂尼-昂达尔错白云岩东部,且处于同一层位,表明白云岩在南羌塘盆地东西展布约180km。达卓玛含油白云岩的发现扩大了羌塘盆地白云岩储层和古油藏带的范围和规模,为羌塘盆地油气地质评价和勘探部署提供了新的依据。 相似文献
9.
羌塘盆地与特提斯域油气盆地类比及其含油气远景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文从羌塘盆地在特提斯域中的位置入手,对沉积充填、构造特征和地史演化加以论证,并与北带塔里木盆地进行具体对比。羌塘盆地与塔里木盆地沉积、构造、地史差异性十分明显,故其应划为中带,而不是北带。根据类比盆地选择原则,选取与羌塘盆地同属中带,沉积、构造,含油气性具可比性的伊朗卡维尔盆地、泰国呵叻盆地进行类比,发现羌塘盆地与两盆地沉积、构造、生储盖组合具相似性,唯油气保存条件较差。从亚洲特提斯域油气聚集地质特征分析,羌塘盆地油气远景毋庸质疑,只是因位于中带地质构造与改造十分复杂,油气远景虽好,但勘探难度相对较大。 相似文献
10.
藏北羌塘盆地大规模古风化壳的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新的野外油气地质调查发现,在羌塘盆地中央隆起带及其两侧的南、北羌塘坳陷中,那底岗日组及其同沉积地层之下广泛发育了一古风化壳,古风化壳覆盖了石炭系、二叠系和前人已确定的三叠系肖茶卡组,具有区域性展布的特点。研究表明,不同地区古风化壳的形成时代不同：在南羌塘及中央隆起带上,风化剥蚀作用可能于晚二叠世就已开始,并经历了早、中三叠世的进一步演化;北羌塘地区的古风化壳形成时代可能为晚三叠世（或中三叠世）,至晚三叠世肖茶卡组沉积期,形成了南北羌塘统一的古风化壳,并被那底岗日组及其同沉积地层超覆。这些新发现对于重新认识羌塘盆地的沉积演化、正确评价羌塘盆地的石油地质条件具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
13.
Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston
situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine
fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and
at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological
(i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates)
controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution
sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were
<20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf
of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is
lost to sediments. 相似文献
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V. Yu. Prokof’ev L. D. Zorina V. A. Kovalenker N. N. Akinfiev I. A. Baksheev A. N. Krasnov G. A. Yurgenson N. V. Trubkin 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2007,49(1):31-68
The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag2Te) and matildite (AgBiS2). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type. 相似文献
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I. M. Gorokhov M. A. Semikhatov M. M. Arakelyants E. A. Fallick N. N. Mel’nikov T. L. Turchenko T. A. Ivanovskaya T. S. Zaitseva E. P. Kutyavin 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2006,14(3):260-274
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation. 相似文献
17.
Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joseph L. Domagalski Steven P. Phillips E. Randall Bayless Celia Zamora Carol Kendall Richard A. WildmanJr Janet G. Hering 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(4):675-690
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area. 相似文献
18.
扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。 相似文献
19.
Study of the cross-stratification and other sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald, England, and Bas-Boulonnais, France, indicates that the sediments were deposited by the lateral migration of sand waves in a neritic sea. Comparison of the Lower Greensand sea with the modern North Sea was attempted. If those sediments were deposited as a result of tidal current similar to the present-day North Sea then the Lower Greensand shoreline could be deduced as running northwest-southeast, indication that the western part of the London Platform was submerged. 相似文献
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山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。 相似文献