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1.
江苏省新沂市马陵山地区的4个神秘的印记,传统上被解释为“李存孝打虎处”的“虎爪印”和“人足迹”,重新将其解释为大盛群田家楼组恐龙足迹。这些足迹中只有一个最深的“虎爪印”保存了可识别的趾印,表明它是一个有着后内侧拇趾印的兽脚类恐龙左足迹,是一道单步约50cm的直线行迹的一部分;另一种解释是该足迹为小型蜥脚类恐龙的右后足迹,形成行迹的右侧部分,其左侧部分没有保存。马陵山足迹点提供了恐龙足迹如何影响中国民间传说的另一个案例。 相似文献
2.
辽西北票地区中-晚侏罗世土城子组恐龙足迹化石的发现 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
辽西朝阳北票南八家子附近中-晚侏罗世土城子组发现了大量恐龙足迹化石(兽脚类、鸟脚类、蜥脚类).本文主要对兽脚类恐龙足迹做了报道.兽脚类恐龙为两足行走,三趾型、窄行迹、多数为趾行式,化石均为上层面保存.层面发育泥裂和波痕.足迹大小从29.5cm×19cm到4cm×3cm,连续分布的足迹构成明显的行迹,行迹方向规律性分布为当时恐龙的行为习性提供了可靠证据.南八家子地区发现的大量小型兽脚类恐龙足迹表明:在北票地区小型兽脚类恐龙在中晚侏罗世土城子期已经出现. 相似文献
3.
甘肃省永靖县盐锅峡发现大型蜥脚类恐龙足迹 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
甘肃永靖盐锅峡下白垩统河口群盐锅峡组发现大量恐龙足迹化石 .初步调查发现了 10个化石点 2 93个足印化石 .其中在 1号点 6 0 0m2 的发掘面上 ,保存有 7组蜥脚类 138个足印、9组兽脚类 6 0个足印、1组鸟脚类 3个脚印和 1组翼龙类 11个足印 .7组蜥脚类足印形成4组保存完好的行迹和 3组的足迹组合 .最大的蜥脚类足印化石前脚 790mm× 112 0mm ,后脚 15 0 0mm× 14 2 0mm ,是目前发现的世界上最大的恐龙足印之一 .盐锅峡蜥脚类恐龙足迹可以分为 3种类型 :第 1类足迹前脚为新月形 ,后脚为椭圆形 ,前后足印不重合并均向外偏转 ;第 2类足迹前脚为半圆形 ,后脚为椭圆形 ,前后足印部分重合 ,后脚印向外偏转 ;第 3类足迹前脚半圆形 ,后脚U形 ,前后足印明显分离并均向外偏转 .蜥脚类恐龙足迹向外偏转反映恐龙成“外八字”型行走 ,这种行进方式可能与其巨大的体重有关 .根据计算 ,盐锅峡蜥脚类恐龙臀高最小为 3.0 4m ,最大可达到 5 .3m .恐龙行走的速度 2 .3～ 3.4km/h .古环境、古地理分析认为白垩纪甘肃兰州—青海民和一带为一内陆淡水湖盆 .盐锅峡一带的恐龙足迹化石就发现于最近湖中心的“雾宿山古岛”西侧湖岸上 .虽然白垩纪当地气候并不湿润 ,但湖岸地区草肥水美 ,是恐龙及其他陆生生物的乐园 . 相似文献
4.
藏东昌都地区阿涅塘化石点中侏罗世达布卡组滨湖相紫红色中-细砂岩中,发现以凸形迹完好地保存的4层恐龙足迹,包括Grallator类、大型兽脚类、小型兽脚类和小型蜥脚类等足迹类型,并构成两列完美的行迹. 组成行迹T1的4个Grallator类足迹被命名为Grallator anietangensis isp. nov.,对其进行了详细的形态学分析,并讨论了造迹恐龙的大小和运动状态,这是Grallator类足迹在西藏地区的首次发现. 组成行迹T2的9个大型兽脚类足迹被归为Theropoda igen. et isp. indet.,对该类足迹进行了形态描述和功能分析;这类足迹在中国是首次记录,其连续且清晰的尾迹表明造迹者并非处于正常运动状态,而是应对某种特殊境况的特别行为方式,即其正以昂起的前躯一边观察,一边以极低的速度前进,因前躯昂起,尾部相应下垂,从而留下尾迹. 两列行迹均显示出造迹者正沿古昌都湖岸前进. 中国迄今所发现的恐龙骨骼和Grallator类足迹化石主要表现为以西南地区为中心,再向四周不断发散的扩散模式,但Grallator类足迹化石综合提供的信息显示恐龙动物的扩散速度比骨骼化石反映的速度更快. 相似文献
5.
鲁东诸城皇华镇地区下白垩统莱阳群发现大量恐龙足迹化石(兽脚类、鸟脚类、蜥脚类).足迹化石赋存地层为龙旺庄组灰绿色、黄绿色泥质细砂岩、粉砂岩,为滨浅湖—河流相沉积环境.足迹特征显示:蜥脚类恐龙体重大,四足行走,前后足迹面积相近,似椭圆形;鸟脚类和兽脚类恐龙为两足行走,足迹为三趾型;兽脚类恐龙体重最轻、数量最多.三大类恐龙行进速度介于散步—小跑之间,有转弯、减速、驻足等状态,无奔跑行迹,行进方向大多数为自东向西,行迹具有较强的规律性,推测恐龙可能在集体迁徙.结合足迹形态特征及保存现状,将该区恐龙足迹变形程度划分为未变形、弱变形、中等变形和强变形4种,并在前人侵蚀模型基础上,初步探讨了恐龙足迹复原方法与侵蚀机理,为更精确地分析恐龙种属、大小、生活习性、生物力学性质等信息提供了可能性. 相似文献
6.
本文记述了发现于宁夏六盘山地区的恐龙足迹化石。共计5个化石点,分别位于宁夏六盘山地区固原市隆德县和泾源县,赋存地层为下白垩统六盘山群和尚铺组、李洼峡组和马东山组,包括蜥脚类和鸟脚类恐龙足迹化石,其中以蜥脚类为主。足迹可识别的有4条行迹,其中,隆德县香水镇行迹所代表的恐龙个体较小,臀高仅1.44m,其余3组行迹代表的恐龙较大,臀高在2.79～3.27m之间;鸟脚类恐龙臀高约为0.48 m,为小型鸟脚类恐龙。采用Alexander的速度计算方法对造迹恐龙的速度进行研究,表明六盘山地区蜥脚类造迹恐龙速度为0.34～1.41m/s之间,复步长与臀高的比值小于2,均为正常行走状态。足迹保存层面岩性主要为粉砂质泥岩、细砂岩,具水平层理、波痕、泥裂、雨雹痕等沉积构造,含植物碎片化石,并发育有大量的无脊椎动物潜穴化石。根据岩性及沉积构造判断,造迹恐龙活动环境为离湖岸较近的浅水地带。 相似文献
7.
简要报道了新近首次在冀西北张家口尚义地区发现的恐龙足迹。野外地质调查发现,恐龙足迹赋存于尚义晚中生代盆地侏罗系—白垩系后城组顶部。恐龙行迹呈近东西向展布,由数十个足迹构成。初步研究表明,造迹者分别属于兽脚类和蜥脚类恐龙,由西向东行进。足迹中包括兽脚类足迹70余个,组成数个行迹;蜥脚类足迹15个,构成1列行迹。蜥脚类足迹特征显示其可能属于游泳状的行迹。华北北部土城子组/后城组发育于燕辽生物群—热河生物群更替演化时期（晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期）,以往在该时期沉积物中罕见脊椎动物骨骼化石。近年来华北北部土城子组/后城组中频繁发现的恐龙足迹表明,燕辽生物群—热河生物群更替演化时期发育着以恐龙为代表的脊椎动物群。该发现将有助于进一步了解土城子组/后城组沉积时期恐龙属种的多样性及其生物古地理环境。晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期沉积古地理和古生态环境及其与恐龙动物群发育的研究有助于揭示陆地生物群更替演化和环境的关系。 相似文献
8.
主要记述了山东临沭地区早白垩世晚期(大盛群沉积时期）、生活于干旱炎热气候条件下滨浅湖环境的恐龙所留下的大规模足迹化石群。初步研究表明,这些足迹以蜥脚类恐龙足迹占绝大多数,见少量鸟脚类、兽脚类和疑似甲龙类足迹(甲龙类足迹在中国罕见),足迹总体行进方向以向西和南西为主。通过对其中的2条蜥脚类和1条鸟脚类行迹及其行为学的分析认为其均处于慢行状态,而鸟脚类行迹的运动速度极慢,可能处于一种特殊的慢行状态。临沭地区早白垩世晚期大盛期如此大规模足迹化石群的发现,说明中国乃至东亚地区早白垩世普遍存在着以恐龙为代表的(包括鸟类在内）陆生脊椎动物群。足迹化石的研究将对进一步了解晚中生代陆地生物群的演化有着重要意义。对比其他地区早白垩世晚期地层中发现的恐龙足迹化石特征后认为,足迹的保存与当时的沉积环境有密切的关系,因此对恐龙足迹的研究又能进一步为恢复古生态、古地理环境等提供更丰富的信息。 相似文献
9.
10.
《地质通报》2020,(4)
2019年在陕西靖边龙洲下白垩统洛河组紫红色砒砂岩中发现多处恐龙足迹,实属罕见。含恐龙足迹地层岩石组合为一套典型沙漠相"红色砒砂岩"系,岩石组合以紫红色-暗紫红色薄层中-粗粒长石石英砂岩、石英砂岩夹灰黄色-浅紫红色块状粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩为主。发现识别出恐龙足迹行迹9处。根据足迹形态对比,推断其类型为兽脚类恐龙足迹。根据足迹产地地层剖面的研究,推断恐龙足迹分布在沙丘湖岸附近。本次发现的恐龙足迹与2017年在陕西神木中鸡发现的恐龙足迹差异明显,为陕北鄂尔多斯盆地恐龙研究提供了珍贵的研究资料。由于靖边龙洲丹霞地貌恐龙足迹产地的地层研究程度较低,因此,对恐龙足迹的研究在地层年代确定,特别是恢复岩相古环境具有重大意义。 相似文献
11.
A new Lower Cretaceous (lower Aptian) dinosaur tracksite, from the eastern side of Monte Cagno (Abruzzi, Italy), is described. Different styles of track formation are represented on the site surface. Most of the footprints are preserved as deep tracks, produced by trackmakers sinking into soft mud. Some tracks, better preserved than the others, are characterized by metatarsal impressions and were interpreted as the resting traces of a crouching theropod (based on their orientation and three-dimensional morphology). The 135 cm length of the track with metatarsal impressions indicates huge pedal proportions and represents the largest theropod trackmaker ever documented from the Mesozoic peri-Adriatic platforms of Italy. 相似文献
12.
In Sung Paik Min Huh Kye Hun Park Koo Geun Hwang Kyung Sik Kim Hyun Joo Kim 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2006,28(4-6):457-468
Eighty two dinosaur trackways were newly discovered in Upper Cretaceous lacustrine deposits on islands in the vicinity of Yeosu, Korea. Most dinosaur tracks occur in marginal lake deposits with polygonal desiccation cracks. The dinosaur tracks at the Yeosu site include 65 ornithopod trackways, 16 theropod trackways and one sauropod trackway. The prevalence of ornithopod tracks and the limited occurrence of sauropod tracks at the Yeosu site evidently reflect decreased sauropod diversity in the Upper Cretaceous. All ornithopod trackways represent bipeds, and most of the ornithopod tracks are similar to Caririchnium from other sites of the Korean peninsula. All fossil wood specimens collected in the study area represent conifers (three species of cupressaceous and two species of taxodiaceous conifers, and a new species) except for one, which is a discotyledon. It is thus inferred that the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula was primarily covered with mesic forests with taxodiaceous trees during the Late Cretaceous. The K–Ar age of the Yeosu tracksite is determined as 81–65 Ma (Camapnian to Maastrichtian). It indicates that the Yeosu track site contains the last records of dinosaurs living in Asia. Consequently, semi-arid palaeoclimatic conditions, together with a large lake as a persistent water source and rich vegetation of gymnosperm trees as food, resulted in the preservation of abundant dinosaur tracks in the Upper Cretaceous on the Korean Peninsula. 相似文献
13.
报道了在宁夏固原首次发现的恐龙足迹化石。该恐龙足迹化石分别为鸟脚类恐龙足迹和蜥脚类恐龙足迹,均发现于早白垩世李洼峡组沉积地层中。其中的鸟脚类恐龙足迹命名为六盘山宁夏足印 ( Ningxiapus liupanshanensis ichnogenus et inchnosp． nov． ) 。六盘山宁夏足印长与宽之比为1. 22; 第I 趾纤细,短于第IV 趾; 第II 趾与第III 趾之间夹角为35°,第III 趾与第IV 趾之间夹角为45° 等特征区别于其他鸟脚类恐龙脚印。新发现的蜥脚类恐龙以足迹化石形式保存,其前、后足印的长度大小分别为36 cm 和15 cm,应为中等大小的蜥脚类恐龙所留下。这些恐龙足迹化石的发现,为研究该地区的古生物地理及古生态的恢复以及为将来在该地区发现恐龙骨骼化石提供重要信息。 相似文献
14.
Here we report a large dinosaur tracksite from an extensive fluvial sandstone surface in the Lower Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation of Sichuan Province, China. The site contains over 250 individual tracks comprising at least 18 recognizable trackways, including the longest theropod trackway (cf. Eubrontes) known from China. This exceptional theropod trackway consists of 81 successive footprints covering a distance of 69 m. The tracks are well-preserved and are expressed both as true tracks on the main “upper” surface and as transmitted undertracks on a locally exposed “lower” bed. Also recorded are six other theropod trackways, including small Grallator-like ichnites, eight sauropod trackways (cf. Brontopodus), and three small ornithopod (cf. Ornithopodichnus) trackways with a parallel orientation, which may indicate gregarious behavior. Several trackways of a larger theropod trackmaker show pes imprints with elongated traces of the metatarsals, suggesting extramorphological (substrate-controlled) variation and/or plantigrade posture, which is here interpreted as indicating a change in gait assumed in response to deep and soft sediment. The assemblage indicates a diverse dinosaur fauna in the Lower Cretaceous Sichuan Basin with variously sized theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods. The late occurrence of footprints of the Grallator-Eubrontes plexus in Lower Cretaceous strata is further evidence of the extended stratigraphic range of this morphotype and the distinct palaeobiogeographic distribution of these trackmakers in East Asia. 相似文献
15.
基于恐龙足迹重建攀西地区白垩纪恐龙动物群 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
攀西地区没有白垩纪恐龙骨骼化石记录,对该区白垩纪恐龙动物群组合的认识尚属空白。1991年,攀西地区首次发现了恐龙足迹,此后陆续发现了8个足迹点。这些足迹点共发现9种不同的非鸟恐龙足迹(6种非鸟兽脚类、1种蜥脚类和2种鸟脚类足迹),以及翼龙和龟类足迹。共11种足迹形态类型由185道行迹(与孤立足迹)组成,可能代表着同等数量的造迹者。其中飞天山组的组合多样性最强,小坝组和雷打树组较弱。这个相对全面的足迹数据库,为该地区白垩纪四足类的古生态学普查提供了动物群的组成信息,这在该缺乏骨骼化石的地区显得尤为重要。 相似文献
16.
《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2023,134(2):125-138
Spyway Quarry in Dorset contains >100 tracks made by large sauropod dinosaurs walking across what was a shelly beach in the Early Cretaceous. It is the largest in situ easily accessible UK dinosaur tracksite, a unique location for the public to directly engage with dinosaurs. Following consultation on how best to open and manage the site considering its 'value', longevity, and resources available, it was left unstaffed with the track surface directly accessible. The site has been open to the elements since 2013 and to the public since 2016. We created a new photogrammetric model of the site in 2021, for comparison with an existing 2014 model to identify any changes in the trackway surface and to assess the sustainability of direct public access and weathering to the surface. To understand public use of the site, we installed a visitor counter, compiled social media reviews, and analysed photographs of visitor's movement on the quarry surface. We provide quantitative evidence for exfoliation of the track surface and reduction in the prominence of individual tracks over time primarily due to natural processes. Visitor data suggest ~10,000 people visit annually, and feedback suggests potential improvements to visitor directions and information. We do not recommend substantial changes to the site management plan given resource constraints. Our work highlights the importance of using 3D imaging techniques to document sites upon discovery and thereafter and making these data openly available to all for conservation monitoring, communication and to preserve sites' legacies. 相似文献
17.
Trackways can provide unique insight to animals locomotion through quantitative analysis of variation in track morphology. Long trackways additionally permit the study of trackmaker foot anatomy, providing more insight on limb kinematics. In this paper we have restudied the extensive tracksite at Barranco de La Canal-1 (Lower Cretaceous, La Rioja, NW Spain) focussing on a 25-m-long dinosaur (ornithopod) trackway that was noted by an earlier study (Casanovas et al., 1995; Pérez-Lorente, 2003) to display an irregular pace pattern. This asymmetric gait has been quantified and photogrammetric models undertaken for each track, thus revealing distinct differences between the right and the left tracks, particularly in the relative position of the lateral digits II–IV with respect to the central digit III. Given that the substrate at this site is homogenous, the consistent repetition of the collected morphological data suggests that differences recorded between the right and the left tracks can be linked to the foot anatomy, but more interestingly, to an injury or pathology on left digit II. We suggest that the abnormal condition registered in digit II impression of the left pes can be linked to the statistically significant limping behaviour of the trackmaker. Furthermore, the abnormal condition registered did not affect the dinosaur's speed. 相似文献
18.
Newly discovered tracks of a large quadrupedal ornithopod and a theropod with trail trace, and a bird track from the Cretaceous Saniri Formation of Yeongdong area are described. One ornithopod trackway is very unusual in having large (length width ∼15 and >15 cm respectively) clover-leaf-like manus tracks situated anteromedial to the pes tracks with atypical negative, inward rotation of 45°. Ornithopod pes tracks are quadripartite with three separated, elongate-oval, nearly parallel sided, wide digit impressions and a separate suboval heel impression (mean length and width about 41 and 36 cm respectively: l/w ratio 1.13). Manus track morphotypes are a clover-leaf-shaped configuration of three digit impressions, representing digits II–IV, in triangular configuration and registered just in front of (anteromedial to) pes track digits II and III. The pes morphotype is typical of Caririchnium, but the manus morphotype is quite distinct from previously described ichnotaxa, thus justifying a new ichnotaxon: Caririchnium yeondongensis ichnosp. nov., probably representing a facultatively-quadrupedal Iguanodon-like trackmaker.Theropod tracks are composed of three tapered pes digit impressions with interdigital angles between digits II and IV 45°. Length and width about 22.8 cm and 15.5 cm, respectively. Pace, stride, and pace angles are about 51 cm, 101 cm, and 170°, respectively. Theropod tracks are characteristically associated with a nearly continuous tail trace, which is up to 360 cm in length, 4.5 to 6 cm in width, and broad “U” shaped in cross section. Expulsion rims and dragging striae occur intermittently. In addition, dinosaur skin impressions, poorly preserved large sauropod tracks, a bird track, invertebrate and plant fossils are found from the lake margin deposits also containing rain drop impressions and desiccation cracks. Dinosaur tracks of the Yeongdong area represent the oldest (Valanginian-Hauterivian) dinosaur tracks of Korea. 相似文献
19.
Yuong-Nam Lee 《Cretaceous Research》1997,18(6):849-864
The ichnofauna of the Woodbine Formation (Cenomanian), Denton County, Texas includes bird and dinosaur tracks. A new bird trackway,Magnoavipes loweiichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., appears to represent the largest bird tracks known from the Mesozoic. A theropod trackway,Fuscinapedis woodbinensisichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., is characterized by long digits of uniform width and pointed small claws. Six hadrosaurid trackways,Caririchnium protohadrosaurichnosichnosp. nov., are the oldest hadrosaurid tracks associated with skeletal elements. They include one isolated small footprint, a medium sized quadrupedal, and five large bipedal hadrosaurid trackways. 相似文献