共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 65 毫秒
1.
2.
应用增量方法不仅能够从理论上准确计算所有固体矿物的O同位素分馏系数，而且能够定量预测；（1）热力学平衡条件下共生矿物之间的18O富集顺序；（2）岩石化学成分与O同位素组成之间的关系；（3）矿物结构变化对O同位素组成的影响；（4）同质多相转变和矿物反应中的氧同位素继承性。本文对这些规律性预测进行了概要性介绍，并给出实例予以说明。 相似文献
3.
在１＊１０＾５Ｐａ,１４００℃条件下实验合成了不同成分的Ｎｉ（１－ｘ）ＺｎｘＦｅ２Ｏ４尖晶石,并将部分尖晶石在１１００℃和１６１０℃条件下重新平衡。采用粉晶Ｘ射线衍射法测定了尖晶石的晶胞参数。将实测的尖晶石晶胞参数与理论计算值进行对比,结果发现,在温度小于１４００℃时Ｎｉ（１－ｘ）ＺｎｘＦｅ２Ｏ４尖晶石中的四面体主要由Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋占据,而八面体主要由Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋占据,但至少当温 相似文献
4.
The configurational heat capacity, shear modulus and shear viscosity of a series of Na2O–Fe2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 melts have been determined as a function of composition. A change in composition dependence of each of the physical properties
is observed as Na2O/(Na2O + Al2O3) is decreased, and the peralkaline melts become peraluminous and a new charge-balanced Al-structure appears in the melts.
Of special interest are the frequency dependent (1 mHz–1 Hz) measurements of the shear modulus. These forced oscillation measurements
determine the lifetimes of Si–O bonds and Na–O bonds in the melt. The lifetime of the Al–O bonds could not, however, be resolved
from the mechanical spectrum. Therefore, it appears that the lifetime of Al–O bonds in these melts is similar to that of Si–O
bonds with the Al–O relaxation peak being subsumed by the Si–O relaxation peak. The appearance of a new Al-structure in the
peraluminous melts also cannot be resolved from the mechanical spectra, although a change in elastic shear modulus is determined
as a function of composition. The structural shear-relaxation time of some of these melts is not that which is predicted by
the Maxwell equation, but up to 1.5 orders of magnitude faster. Although the configurational heat capacity, density and shear
modulus of the melts show a change in trend as a function of composition at the boundary between peralkaline and peraluminous,
the deviation in relaxation time from the Maxwell equation occurs in the peralkaline regime. The measured relaxation times
for both the very peralkaline melts and the peraluminous melts are identical with the calculated Maxwell relaxation time.
As the Maxwell equation was created to describe the timescale of flow of a mono-structure material, a deviation from the prediction
would indicate that the structure of the melt is too complex to be described by this simple flow equation. One possibility
is that Al-rich channels form and then disappear with decreasing Si/Al, and that the flow is dominated by the lifetime of
Si–O bonds in the Al-poor peralkaline melts, and by the lifetime of Al–O bonds in the relatively Si-poor peralkaline and peraluminous
melts with a complex flow mechanism occurring in the mid-compositions. This anomalous deviation from the calculated relaxation
time appears to be independent of the change in structure expected to occur at the peralkaline/peraluminous boundary due to
the lack of charge-balancing cations for the Al-tetrahedra. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
海洋N2O的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N2O在大气中的浓度仅为CO2的浓度的千分之一左右，但在同等浓度的情况下温室效应却是CO2的200~300倍；它在大气层中的光化学产物会与臭氧反应，从而损耗平流层的臭氧。N2O的环境效应引起人们的关注，许多国际气候变化研究项目都把其列入重要研究内容。通过对过去40年的相关研究工作进行综合分析，阐述N2O在海洋中的分布规律和其影响因素、产生的机制、它的海气通量及其影响因素，从而揭示N2O的海洋生物地球化学循环过程以及这一过程对全球氮循环的贡献。 相似文献
8.
According to the compositions of the underground gasfield brines in the west of Sichuan Basin,the phase equilibria in the ternary systems KBr-K2B4O7-H2O and KCl-K2B4O7-H2O at 373 K were studied using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method.The solubilities of salts and the densities of saturated solutions in these ternary systems were determined.Using the experimental data,phase diagrams and density-composition diagrams were constructed.The two phase diagrams were simple co-saturation type,each having an invariant point,two univariant curves and two crystallization regions.The equilibrium solid phases in the ternary system KBr-K2B4O7-H2O are potassium bromide （KBr） and potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate （K2B4O7·4H2O）,and those in the ternary system KCl-K2B4O7-H2O are potassium chloride （KCl） and potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate （K2B4O7·4H2O）.Comparisons of the phase diagrams of the two systems at different temperatures show that there is no change in the crystallization phases,but there are changes in the size of the crystallization regions.As temperature increases,the solubility of K2B4O7·4H2O increases rapidly,so the crystallization field of K2B4O7·4H2O becomes smaller. 相似文献
9.
10.
S.L. Richter A.H. Johnson M.M. Dranoff K.D. Taylor 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(12):2735-2743
The isotopic composition of ancient wood may be a useful archive of some climatic or geochemical conditions of the past, but presently there are many uncertainties that constrain such interpretations. We sampled naturally growing, predominantly native trees in forested regions of North America and the Caribbean to evaluate the strength of the relationships among cellulose δ18O (δ18Ocel), relative humidity (RH), precipitation δ18O (δ18Oppt), and mean annual temperature (MAT) at the continental scale, and the general range of variability in δ18Ocel associated with site hydrologic conditions and species differences. We found up to 4‰ differences among different species growing at the same site, that conifer cellulose at a site is more enriched than angiosperm cellulose by 1.5‰ (p < 0.001), and that differences in landscape position, reflecting differing access to the water table, produced differences of <1‰ in δ18Ocel. At the continental scale, δ18Ocel was strongly influenced by modeled δ18Oppt (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.001). Average summer minimum RH (RHmin) combined with δ18Oppt explained more of the variability (R2 = 0.93, p < 0.001) in δ18Ocel across North American and Caribbean forests. MAT and δ18Ocel were also strongly correlated across North America (R = 0.91 and 0.95, p < 0.001, for angiosperms and conifers, respectively). The difference between δ18Oppt and δ18Ocel is not constant (varying from 35-44‰) and is inversely correlated with δ18Oppt. The relationships among δ18Oppt, RHmin, δ18Ocel, and MAT established for North America and the Caribbean applied reasonably well when δ18Ocel was used to estimate MAT and δ18Oppt in Asia, Europe, and South America, but there were important exceptions. The most accurate predictions of MAT and δ18Oppt from δ18Ocel require RHmin. Predictions of δ18Oppt and MAT made from δ18Ocel alone produced errors of up to 8‰ and 16 °C, respectively. 相似文献
11.
目前的发现指出，硫酸盐的δ17O和δ18O值，特别是Δ17O值（＝δ17O-0.52δ18O）能够提供关于大气圈中和地表环境中硫酸盐的起源、混合和迁移的独特的信息，仅仅使用δ18O的测量结果不能圆满地解决相关间题。现有的分析硫酸盐的δ17O和δ18O的方法极其辛苦，而且要求高纯的BrF5。文中报道了从重晶石（BaSO4）中直接产生O2供同位素比值质谱计（IRMS）同时分析δ17O和δ18O的新方法。该方法使用了CO2-激光氟化系统，该系统也可用于从硅酸盐和氧化物中定量的产生O2。对于样品大于4 mg来说，可以获得部分的但是一致的来自BaSO4的氧的产量。每个工作日用该系统可以处理12个以上的样品。Δ17O的分析误差为±0.05‰, δ18O的分析误差为±0.8‰。该方法可有效和准确地研究硫酸盐的Δ17O值。 相似文献
12.
Emily A. Hamecher Paula M. Antoshechkina Mark S. Ghiorso Paul D. Asimow 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,165(1):25-43
We define and calibrate a new model of molar volume as a function of pressure, temperature, ordering state, and composition for spinels in the supersystem (Mg, Fe2+)(Al, Cr, Fe3+)2O4 ? (Mg, Fe2+)2TiO4. We use 832 X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements performed on spinels at ambient and in situ high-P, T conditions to calibrate end-member equations of state and an excess volume model for this system. The effect on molar volume of cation ordering over the octahedral and tetrahedral sites is captured with linear dependence on Mg2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ site occupancy terms. We allow standard-state volumes and coefficients of thermal expansion of the end members to vary within their uncertainties during extraction of the mixing properties, in order to achieve the best fit. Published equations of state of the various spinel end members are analyzed to obtain optimal values of the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, for each explicit end member. For any spinel composition in the supersystem, the model molar volume is obtained by adding excess volume and cation order-dependent terms to a linear combination of the five end-member volumes, estimated at pressure and temperature using the high-T Vinet equation of state. The preferred model has a total of 9 excess volume and order-dependent parameters and fits nearly all experiments to within 0.02 J/bar/mol, or better than 0.5 % in volume. The model is compared to the current MELTS spinel model with a demonstration of the impact of the model difference on the estimated spinel-garnet lherzolite transition pressure. 相似文献
13.
Li2B4O7—Na2B4O70H2O三元体系25℃相关系及物化性质实验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过实验研究了Ｌｉ２Ｂ４Ｏ７－Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７－Ｈ２Ｏ三元体系２５℃相关 溶液的物化性质，其２５℃相图由二条溶解度曲线构成，分别对应于Ｌｉ２Ｂ４Ｏ７．３Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７．１０Ｈ２Ｏ相区，属简单共饱和型。简要讨论了该体系硼酸盐在水听溶解行为，并用经验公式描述了物有浓度的变化规律。 相似文献
14.
Gennaro Ventruti Fernando Scordari Giancarlo Della Ventura Fabio Bellatreccia Alessandro F. Gualtieri Andrea Lausi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(8):659-670
The thermal stability of sideronatrite, ideally Na2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·3(H2O), and its decomposition products were investigated by combining thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, in situ high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction (HT-XRPD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (HT-FTIR). The data show that for increasing temperature there are four main dehydration/transformation steps in sideronatrite: (a) between 30 and 40 °C sideronatrite transforms into metasideronatrite after the loss of two water molecules; both XRD and FTIR suggest that this transformation occurs via minor adjustments in the building block. (b) between 120 and 300 °C metasideronatrite transforms into metasideronatrite II, a still poorly characterized phase with possible orthorhombic symmetry, consequently to the loss of an additional water molecule; X-ray diffraction data suggest that metasideronatrite disappears from the assemblage above 175 °C. (c) between 315 and 415 °C metasideronatrite II transforms into the anhydrous Na3Fe(SO4)3 compound. This step occurs via the loss of hydroxyl groups that involves the breakdown of the [Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)] ∞ 2? chains and the formation of an intermediate transient amorphous phase precursor of Na3Fe(SO4)3. (d) for T > 500 °C, the Na3Fe(SO4)3 compound is replaced by the Na-sulfate thenardite, Na2SO4, plus Fe-oxides, according to the Na3Fe3+(SO4)3 → 3/2 Na2(SO4) + 1/2 Fe2O3 + SOx reaction products. The Na–Fe sulfate disappears around 540 °C. For higher temperatures, the Na-sulfates decomposes and only hematite survives in the final product. The understanding of the thermal behavior of minerals such as sideronatrite and related sulfates is important both from an environmental point of view, due to the presence of these phases in evaporitic deposits, soils and sediments including extraterrestrial occurrences, and from the technological point of view, due to the use of these materials in many industrial applications. 相似文献
15.
Davide Lenaz Henrik Skogby Francesco Princivalle Ulf Hålenius 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(7):465-474
The influence on the spinel structure of Fe3+ → Cr substitution was studied in flux-grown synthetic single crystals of the magnesiochromite–magnesioferrite (MgCr2O4–MgFe2O4) solid solution series. Samples were analysed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analyses, optical absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy. With the exception of iron-poor samples (3–12 mol-% MgFe2O4), optical absorption and Mössbauer spectra show that iron occurs almost exclusively as trivalent Fe in the present samples. A very intense and broad absorption band at ca 7,800 cm?1 dominates the optical absorption spectra of samples with higher Fe-contents. The appearance of this band is related to a distinct structural disorder of Fe3+ and a development of magnetic ordering as demonstrated by Mössbauer spectra. Profound composition-related changes are observed in the Mössbauer spectra, which are magnetically unsplit in the range 2–41 mol-% magnesioferrite, but become magnetically split in the range 59–100 mol-% magnesioferrite. Structural parameters a 0 and M–O increase with magnesioferrite content and inversion degree, while u and T–O decrease. Our study confirms the previously reported (Lavina et al. 2002) influence of Fe3+ at the M site on T–O bond lengths in the spinel structure. 相似文献
16.
本文采用石英和人工合成长石的混合物配制成的原料在P_(H2O)=2～15千巴的压力范围内进行了Qz-Or-Ab-H_2O体系初熔的反演。在无钙长石的碱性长石花岗岩体系Qz-Or-Ab-H_2O中,其熔融温度随着增压,从2千巴时的690℃降低到17千巴时的630℃。在花岗岩体系Qz-Or-Ab-An-H_2O中,随着钙长石含量的增加其固相线温度的升高是非常小的。与碱性长石花岗岩体系相比较,如果钠长石被斜长石An20(An40)代替,其固相线温度升高3℃(7°D)。碱性长石花岗岩体系和石英—钙长石—透长石组合(Qz-Or-An-H_2O体系)的固相线温度间的差别接近50℃。随着水压增高,斜长石及斜长石—碱性长石组合就变得不稳定,并分别被黝帘石+蓝晶石+石英和黝帘石+白云母-钠云母_(固溶体)+石英代替。并发现这些组合的压力稳定范围在600℃时介于6和16千巴之间。在高水压条件下(10～18千巴)。黝帘石-白云母-石英组合稳定到700和720℃。这个组合的固相线在透长石-黝帘石-白云母-石英混合物开始熔融温度以上10～20℃。为产生足够量的熔体,把变质岩变成岩浆岩状的岩石所需要水量只是非常少的。在层状混合岩的情况下证明,1％的水(或甚至更少)就足以使片麻岩局部转变为(岩浆状的)浅色部分,高级变质岩石或许是比较干的,而花岗岩质和花岗闪长岩质成分的重熔岩浆通常处于水不饱和状态。 相似文献
17.
农田N_2O通量测定方法分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用空气动力学方法、波文比 /能量平衡法及密闭箱法结合气相色谱分析对农田N2 O通量进行了测定。在夏天和秋天观测前的 1～ 2周 ,148和 10 9kgNhm-2 肥料被分别施入夏玉米田和冬小麦田。实验表明 :空气动力学法与波文比 /能量平衡法测定的N2 O通量在冬小麦田较为接近 ,在夏玉米田则相差较大。夏玉米冠层上方温湿梯度的细微变化可导致能量平衡法计算的N2 O通量发生较大离散 ,从而与空气动力学法的计算结果产生较大偏差。观测期间 ,微气象法和密闭箱法测定的农田N2 O日平均通量在夏玉米田分别为 18± 37和 8± 5ngNm-2 ·s-1;在冬小麦田分别为 43± 2 1和 6± 1ngNm-2 ·s-1。微气象法测定的农田N2 O通量高于密闭箱法的观测值 ,由此推测作物冠层可释放N2O ,其机制可能是土壤中生成的N2 O被作物的蒸腾液流输送到大气中。微气象法和密闭箱法测定的N2 O通量间的差异在冬小麦田大于夏玉米田 ,表明冬小麦释放N2 O的量大于夏玉米。这可能是冬小麦根系分布较夏玉米深的缘故。采用密闭箱法观测时 ,箱内气温发生变化 ,半小时内最高可增加10℃ ,因地温变化小 ,其对土壤中N2 O的生成并无显著影响。由于密闭箱法观测忽略或低估了植物释放的N2 O ,且箱内的边界层阻力可能高于箱外 ,其测定的地表N2 O通量偏小。 相似文献
18.
δ＾１５Ｎ和δ＾１８Ｏ指标在识别环境Ｎ２Ｏ生成机理中具有重要的作用。本文主要讨论δ＾１５Ｎ指标在识别海洋,土壤和污染水染色体Ｎ２Ｏ生成机理中的作用。分析硝化和反硝化作用引起的同位素分馏特征,并对δ＾１８Ｏ指标的应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
19.