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1.
利用RbSr衰变系列对结晶岩进行地质年龄测定是一种广泛应用且十分成功的同位素测年技术[1]。而风化作用往往使岩石和矿物的铷锶含量及同位素比值发生变化,无法再进行RbSr同位素计年。但许多风化岩石的87Sr86Sr与87Rb86Sr之间仍存在类似等时线的线性相关关系,有时甚至形成一条非常理想的“RbSr等时线”[1]。迄今为止,仍少有研究仔细探讨这种“等时线”的具体形成机制,明确其实际意义。本文以江西南部黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩和片岩风化壳为例,通过对风化过程中主要矿物、铷锶含量及同位素变化规律的研究,探讨风化条件下RbSr假等时线的具体成因和意义。研究显示 相似文献
2.
石灰岩化学风化显著控制着其所在流域盆地的河水Sr同位素组成,进而制约全球Sr循环。然而,石灰岩化学风化过程中Sr同位素组成的变化特征及其控制机制的研究报道依旧很少。本文通过报道粤北地区一个典型石灰岩风化剖面的Sr同位素组成变化特征,试图探讨石灰岩化学风化过程中Sr同位素变化的控制机制。结果显示:该剖面上,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值介于0.70979~0.72216之间;自剖面底部到顶部,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值呈现出逐渐增大的趋势;Nd同位素组成比较均一(εNd(t)=–15.0±0.5)。研究区的潜在源区(如大气降水、地表水),其~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值明显低于该剖面上部的最大值,加之,该剖面的风化产物与典型的中国黄土剖面具有截然不同的Sr-Nd同位素组成,暗示了这些潜在源区的输入不大可能造成该剖面上Sr同位素组成发生显著的变化。该剖面上~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值与Sr含量之间呈现显著的负相关性(r=–0.95),暗示粤北石灰岩化学风化过程中Sr同位素的演化受控于碳酸盐矿物与硅酸盐矿物在抗风化强度以及Sr同位素组成方面的显著差异:相对硅酸盐矿物,碳酸盐矿物(如方解石)抗风化强度较弱,于是随着风化作用的进行,原岩中具有较低~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值的方解石中的Sr大量迁出剖面,而具有较高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值的硅酸盐矿物中的Sr残留在风化产物中,因此,随着风化强度的增加,风化产物中的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值呈现出逐渐增大的趋势。 相似文献
3.
充分认识元素和同位素在不同环境条件下的地球化学行为,是运用元素和同位素示 踪环境变化的前提。对来自于黄土高原的黄土、古土壤和红粘土样品的宇宙成因核素10Be测量和化学成分分析,以及各种化学淋溶实验表明：10Be主要以吸附状态赋存于粉尘沉积物粘粒矿物的表面,部分已结合进自生的粘土矿物中;在粉尘沉积物风化过程中10Be与9Be和～的活动性相似,基本没有发生迁移,其原因是连续沉积的粉尘含有大量的碱性物质,阻止了…Be的解吸附和淋滤;沉积和风化作用导致了10Be浓度与化学指标在黄土-古土壤和红粘土剖面中的协同变化。 相似文献
4.
石英是岩石、沉积物中最常见的矿物之一,它的化学性质稳定,硬度大。在风化剥蚀、搬运、沉积和埋藏条件下,石英中氧同位素与外界环境氧同位素交换非常弱,即石英的δ18O值基本保持不变。因此,石英δ18O值被应用于气溶胶、黄土-古土壤堆积序列、日本和夏威夷土壤、深海沉积物的物源区的研究中。但是用石英δ18O值来探讨沙漠物源的报道尚不多,笔者在此选择位于内蒙古西部的巴丹吉林沙漠为重点研究区,对比分析浑善达克沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地、非洲南部的卡拉哈里沙漠沙丘沙石英δ18O值,试图探讨沙漠石英δ18O值与粒径、物源的关系。石英δ18O值分析测定的实验步骤如下[1～3]:1)从每个 相似文献
5.
长江口晚新生代沉积物的物源研究: REE和Nd同位素制约* 总被引：14，自引：19，他引：14
长江三角洲地区第四纪以来堆积了200多米厚的碎屑沉积物,主要由河湖相和滨浅海相组成,构成了多个沉积旋回。选择长江口地区一个320m深的PD钻孔,运用多通道等离子体质谱MC ICP-MS方法,开展沉积物中的REE和Nd同位素组成分析,研究了上新世以来三角洲地区沉积物物源的变化。沉积物中REE和Nd同位素组成具有明显的变化规律,Ce呈弱的负异常,介于0.83~0.99之间,而Eu呈现中等亏损,在0.53~0.73之间变化。岩芯中上新统沉积物中Ce异常变化大,而Eu亏损相对第四系沉积物更显著。143 Nd/144 Nd比值在钻孔中变化较小,介于0.511975~0.5122367之间,平均值为0.512062。相关分析揭示粒度和化学风化对Nd同位素组成影响小。REE和Nd同位素判别图解揭示河口地区上新统沉积物主要来自长江流域中、下游的近源物源区,而第四系沉积物的物源虽然存在一定的变化,但是总体上与上新统沉积物来源明显不同,主要来自更广泛的流域物源区,尤其是长江上游的风化物质被大量输运到河口三角洲地区。在第四纪构造和气候因素控制下,古长江水系具有不同的演化阶段,流域源岩经历的风化作用强度也不同,因此河流沉积物的源汇过程也相应地发生变化。 相似文献
6.
由于岩石和矿物的成因及形成时代不同,其Sr-Nd同位素组成有明显的差异,并且在表生迁移过程中很少被改变,因而在示踪岩石、矿物以及沉积物的来源和成因方面常被视为一种经典的地球化学手段[1～3]。近年来,利用此方法研究中国北方风尘的来源及迁移路径也取得了较大的进展[4～9]。然而,已有的工作主要以全样为研究对象,或者对样品仅作了简单的物理、化学处理,并未建立在风尘Sr-Nd同位素组成变化的影响因素这一基础性工作之上,因而所获得的结果是否接近真实,还有待于更深入的研究。为了弥补已有的工作不足和将更正确地运用Sr-Nd同位素手段确定风尘的源区和追踪其迁移路径,本文测试灵台剖面不同粒度组分及其酸不溶物中 相似文献
7.
高Rb/Sr岩石样品中Sr同位素多接收等离子体质谱分析校正方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在利用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICPMS)进行Sr同位素研究中,87Rb对于87Sr干扰严重。岩石样品经化学分离后,若Rb/Sr≤0.0005,可以采用传统的Rb干扰扣除方法对87Sr/86Sr测定值进行准确校正;但如果样品经化学分离后仍含有较高的Rb/Sr比,同量异位素的干扰不能完全消除,则无法准确校正87Sr/86Sr测定值,直接影响测试结果的准确度。本文针对Rb含量较高的地质样品设计两组实验,确定了87Sr/86Sr同位素比值与Rb/Sr元素含量比值的关系曲线,并在理论分析的基础上,提出包含同位素分馏校正在内的重叠干扰校正方法。通过实际地质样品验证,该校正方法在较高含量Rb元素共存(Rb/Sr<0.2)的Sr纯化液中,能够较为准确地测量87Sr/86Sr同位素比值,降低了MC-ICPMS分析地质样品中Sr同位素时对化学分离步骤的要求。而对于Rb/Sr>0.2的地质样品,因仪器分馏效应和记忆效应影响,测试精确度大大降低,无论采用何种校正方法均无法得到准确的Sr同位素组成。 相似文献
8.
硅酸盐、氧化物的氧同位素测定分析,是成岩成矿物质 源区鉴定、矿物岩石形成温度确定、成岩成矿地球化学机理 推测的重要手段之一[1]。在固体地球科学的诸多学科[2]以 及环境科学、水文、古气候、天体化学等其他学科均有着广泛 的应用。因此,随着样品量的增加,提高实验室的BrF5法氧 同位素实验系统的工作效率颇有意义。 图1为BrF5法氧同位素实验系统装置。当系统真空抽 至3×10-3Pa时,充入氩气。分别将已称好的200目干燥样 品12mg加入各反应器,经2小时200℃去气抽真空后,将化 学计算量 相似文献
9.
宇宙成因核素10 Be(半衰期1.5Ma)不但是古环境变化的示踪剂,而且具有确定地质年龄的能力。80个全岩样品的10 Be和化学分析数据表明,黄土高原约6Ma以来的红粘土和黄土序列中年龄校正的10 Be浓度与沉积物粒度和风化程度的化学指标具有显著的关系。根据这种关系建立的10 Be浓度与化学指标的经验回归线性模型,可以估计红粘土和黄土形成时的10 Be浓度,确定红粘土和黄土形成的10 Be放射性年龄。 相似文献
10.
我国南方岩溶区与北方黄土区都是巨大的碳库。碳酸盐的溶蚀及再结晶是两个碳库与大气ＣＯ２交换的重要过程。碳的区域平衡是评价化学风化消耗或逸散ＣＯ２的基础。岩溶区与黄土区在地球化学风化的环境背景、溶蚀过程、产物运移和归宿等差异很大。黄土区化学风化消耗大气ＣＯ２通量较岩溶区小。目前评价两类地区土壤与大气ＣＯ２的源汇关系尚不成熟,需要定量认识土壤ＣＯ２与下伏碳酸盐岩溶蚀或与下伏黄土次生碳酸盐化作用。岩溶区湖泊沉积物中有机质分解产生的ＨＣＯ３－制约外源及内生碳酸盐溶解和自生碳酸盐形成。 相似文献
11.
Takeshi Ohno Tsuyoshi Komiya Yuichiro Ueno Takafumi Hirata Shigenori Maruyama 《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):126
We measured both mass-dependent isotope fractionation of δ88Sr (88Sr/86Sr) and radiogenic isotopic variation of Sr (87Sr/86Sr) for the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation that deposited as a cap carbonate immediately above the Marinoan-related Nantuo Tillite. The δ88Sr and 87Sr/86Sr compositions showed three remarkable characteristics: (1) high radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values and gradual decrease in the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, (2) anomalously low δ88Sr values at the lower part cap carbonate, and (3) a clear correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr values. These isotopic signatures can be explained by assuming an extreme greenhouse condition after the Marinoan glaciation. Surface seawater, mixed with a large amount of freshwater from continental crusts with high 87Sr/86Sr and lighter δ88Sr ratios, was formed during the extreme global warming after the glacial event. High atmospheric CO2 content caused sudden precipitation of cap carbonate from the surface seawater with high 87Sr/86Sr and lighter δ88Sr ratios. Subsequently, the mixing of the underlying seawater, with unradiogenic Sr isotope compositions and normal δ88Sr ratios, probably caused gradual decrease of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the seawater and deposition of carbonate with normal δ88Sr ratios. The combination of 87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr isotope systematics gives us new insights on the surface evolution after the Snowball Earth. 相似文献
12.
Variations in the seawater 87Sr/86Sr curve through time can be caused by fluctuations in the strontium flux or variations in the isotopic ratio from at least six different sources and sinks. Thus, 12 or more parameters control each single measurement although widely accepted assumptions allow this to be reduced to typically six unknowns. Interpreting the causes of time-variation in the seawater 87Sr/86Sr curve is therefore hampered by inherent non-uniqueness. However, this problem is under-constrained rather than unconstrained. As a result, whilst there are an infinite number of possible interpretations, these all come from a few families of very similar solutions. Using this insight, it is possible to find solutions having the smallest possible variations in source flux or source 87Sr/86Sr ratio. Thus, lower-bounds can be placed upon the source variations responsible for the observed fluctuations in the seawater 87Sr/86Sr curve. When applied to the evolution of the Early Jurassic 87Sr/86Sr seawater curve, this approach demonstrates that a short-lived Toarcian event is genuine since it is present in all models, regardless of the values chosen for the unknown source fluxes and unknown source isotope ratios. However, the variations in strontium flux or isotopic ratio necessary to explain the Toarcian event may be significantly smaller than would be predicted assuming modern values for the unknown parameters. 相似文献
13.
Biosphere Sr isotope composition data from Iceland and Scotland suggest that terrestrially feeding birds from these two countries will have significantly different 87Sr/86Sr isotope composition in their tissues. The aim of this study is to test if these differences can be measured within the bone and feather of migratory wading birds, who feed terrestrially as juveniles, thus providing a provenance tool for these birds. 相似文献
14.
Vincent Balter Philippe Telouk José Braga Francis Albarède 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(16):3980-3990
We present in this study results obtained with a laser-ablation coupled with both a quadrupole and a multi-collector ICPMS. The simultaneous in situ Sr/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr measurements along growth profiles in enamel allows the concomitant diet and migration patterns in mammals to be reconstructed. Aliquots of the powdered international standard NIST “SRM1400 Bone Ash” with certified Sr and Ca contents, was sintered at high pressure and temperature and was adopted as the reference material for external reproducibility and calibration of the results. A total of 145 coupled elemental and isotopic measurements of herbivores enamel from the Kruger National Park, South Africa, gives intra-tooth Sr/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr variations that are well larger than external reproducibility. Sr/Ca profiles systematically decrease from the dentine-enamel junction to the outer enamel whereas 87Sr/86Sr profiles exhibit variable patterns. Using a simple geometric model of hypsodont teeth growth, we demonstrate that a continuous recording of the 87Sr/86Sr variations can be reconstructed in the tooth length axis. This suggests that the mobility of a mammal can be reconstructed over a period of more than a year with a resolution of a ten of days, by sampling enamel along growth profiles. Our geometric model of hypsodont teeth growth predicts that an optimal distance between two successive profiles is equal to the enamel thickness. However, this model does not apply to the Sr/Ca signal which is likely to be altered during the enamel maturation stage due to differential maturation processes along enamel thickness. Here, the observed constant decreases of the Sr/Ca ratios in the ungulates of Kruger National Park suggests that they did not changed of diet, while some of them were migrating. 相似文献
15.
桂林地区岩溶水87Sr/86Sr特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
锶是岩石圈上部含量最大的微量元素，其元素及其同位素化学性质都比较稳定。不同水岩作用条件下，锶元素含量及其同位素值都不一样。本文通过对桂林地区的两个典型岩溶地下河系统不同类型地下水样87Sr/86Sr值和Sr含量的分析，得出；流经不同岩层的地下水其87Sr/86Sr值和Sr含量不同，同一地下河系统中不同类型地下水的87Sr/86Sr值Sr含量不同，其值的差异由岩性和水岩作用决定。说明87Sr/86Sr值能反映地下水的形成、径流和混合作用，是较理想的示踪剂，在岩溶水研究中具有很广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
16.
Initial 87Sr/86Sr rations were determined for more than 80 plutonic rocks in Japan. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of gabbroic and granitic rocks show no significant difference in plutonic terranes where both rocks occur closely associated, implying a genetic relationship between them (e.g., Green Tuff belt) or reequilibration at deep level (e.g., Ryoke belt). Wherever granitic rocks occur independently from gabbroic rocks, the granites have higher ratios than the gabbros.Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the granitic rocks are low (<0.706) in Northeast Japan but high (<0.706) in Southwest Japan, the boundary being the Tanakura Tectonic Line. Within Southwest Japan, the ratios are low along the Japan Sea side of the southernmost area. This regional variation is generally correlated with thickness of the continental crust as deduced from the Bouguer anomaly.Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the granitic rocks vary from 0.7037 to 0.7124. The low group (<0.706) is considered to consist of essentially mantle-derived magmas contaminated by crustal material in lesser but varying degree, because of its geological setting and initial 87Sr/86Sr values. The high group may have been formed by contamination of a deep-seated magmas by crustal material or by generation of the main part of the magmas within the continental crust. The ratios of individual belts reflect their own history depending upon age and Rb/Sr ratio of the crustal material.Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of granitic rocks are generally low for the magnetite-series but high for the ilmenite-series. Thus, a negative correlation is observed between initial ratios and 34S for most Cretaceous-Paleogene granites. However, Neogene ilmenite-series granites are low in both initial 87Sr/86Sr and 34S indicating interaction of the granitic magma with young sedimentary rocks enriched in 32S. 相似文献
17.
Temporal Variation in Sr and 87Sr/86Sr of Yangtze River: An Example from Datong Hydrological Station
Temporal variation of dissolved 87Sr/86Sr in the Yangtze River is poorly understood compared to other Tibetan rivers. In this study, dissolved Sr and 87Sr/86Sr were measured from a temporal series of water samples collected biweekly at Datong Hydrological Station over a period of one year. Our results show that Sr concentration in the Yangtze River ranges from 1.74 to 2.92 μmol/L with 87Sr/86Sr of 0.710125 to 0.710965. The Sr concentration and 87Sr/86Sr shows a distinct seasonal variation, with a general increase in 87Sr/86Sr ratios from summer to winter and some fluctuations during July and December, then followed by a gradually decrease till the next rainy season. The seasonal variation results from the variation of contributions from different sub-basin due to the spatially and seasonally variable rainfall across the basin. During the flood season, more contribution from upper reach (low 87Sr/86Sr values) due to the strong rainfall decreases the 87Sr/86Sr ratio at lower reach. While the severe drought which happened in the middle-lower reaches (high 87Sr/86Sr values) from January to May explains the decrease in the later part of the data by the decrease of the contribution from middle-lower reaches. The discharge weighted annual 87Sr/86Sr and annual Sr flux of the Yangtze River based on the time series data are 0.710628 and 1.9×109 mol/a, respectively. It was also indicated that dissolved 87Sr/86Sr in the Yangtze River is well correlated to the extreme climate events and might contribute to our explanation for reconstructing past climatic changes by using 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the sedimentary record in the delta . 相似文献
18.
Sr isotopic and elemental characteristics of calcites in the Chinese deserts: Implications for eolian Sr transport and seawater Sr evolution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wenbo Rao Jun Chen Jiedong Yang Junfeng Ji Gengxin Zhang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(19):5600-5618
Calcite content, Sr concentrations, and isotopes of calcites in the Chinese deserts are systematically studied in this paper. Calcite contents, which are calculated according to acid-soluble Ca contents in the deserts, are generally higher in the sandy deserts than in the sandy lands and decrease roughly from northwest to northeast of China. Acid-soluble Sr is well correlated with calcite in the Chinese deserts, implying acid-soluble Sr comes mainly from the calcite dissolution. Sr concentrations in calcites, calculated on the basis of calcite contents and acid-soluble Sr concentrations in the deserts, have an inverse relation to calcite contents, essentially mirroring the degree of Sr substitution for Ca in the calcite development. Desert calcites have regional variations in Sr isotopic ratios. Calcite Sr isotopic ratios depend on geological settings and chemical weathering. The Badain Jaran, and Tengger deserts are probably affected by additional factors such as the remote groundwater cycle or overturning of underlying sand deposits.Only four deserts (Taklimakan, Qaidam, Badain Jaran, and Tengger) appear to be potential sources of eolian deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Isotopic signatures of calcite Sr and silicate Nd further indicate that the Tengger desert was not an important source for eolian deposits in the CLP. Eolian calcite was probably enriched due to wind sorting from the potential sources to the CLP and suffered weathering–leaching after it accumulated in the CLP. Sr isotopic compositions and Ca/Sr molar ratios of calcites are different between the deserts and the Lingtai profile, due to the integrated effect of wind sorting and weathering–leaching.It is essential to calculate accurately the 87Sr/86Sr ratio and Sr concentration of eolian calcite entering the oceans according to geochemical data of the Chinese deserts, because of the importance of the Chinese deserts in the global dust cycle. The calculated Sr concentration and 87Sr/86Sr ratio of eolian calcite entering the North Pacific Ocean, are 11.75 μmol/g and 0.71032, respectively. The calculated values in this study are close to the recommended values by Jacobson [Jacobson A. D. (2004) Has the atmospheric supply of dissolved calcite dust to seawater influenced the evolution of marine 87Sr/86Sr ratios over the past 2.5 million years? Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 5(12), 1–9, Q12002. doi:10.1029/2004GC000750]. Using the same model as that of Jacobson (2004), the effect of Asia dust on the evolution of seawater Sr isotopes is evaluated. (87Sr/86Sr)seawater increases by 0.3 × 10−5 if the lower dust flux of 2.34 × 108 mol Sr/yr is used in the model, suggesting the little effect of Asian dust on the seawater Sr record in the Quaternary. The increase in (87Sr/86Sr)seawater is 1.5 × 10−5 if the higher value of 1.17 × 109 mol Sr/yr is used, as observed in the Quaternary Sr record. These results further support the suggestions of Jacobson (2004). 相似文献
19.
The watershed in the southern Jiangxi Province (Jiangxi Province is called simply Gan) (SGW) and the watershed in the central Guizhou Province (Guizhou Province is called simply Qian) (CQW) are two subtropical watersheds of the Yangtze River in China. Both watersheds have similar latitudes and climate, but distinct differences in basin lithology. These similarities and differences provide a good natural laboratory in which to investigate weathering processes and Sr end-members in river waters. This work aims to identify and contrast the sources, fluxes and controls on Sr isotopic composition in the river waters of these two areas. Results showed that the 87Sr/86Sr in the SGW waters ranged from 0.716501 to 0.724931, with dissolved Sr averaging 27 μg l− 1. Rhyolites and granites are two major sources for the dissolved Sr. The SGW waters receive 42% of their Sr from silicates weathering, 32% from carbonates and 3.2% from evaporites. 87Sr/86Sr in the CQW waters has a lesser variation from 0.707694 to 0.710039, but higher Sr contents (average of 208 μg l− 1). Dolomite, limestone and dolomitic limestone are major sources of Sr in the waters. The CQW waters receive 69% of their Sr from carbonates, 1.7% from silicates and 0.9% from evaporites. The chemical erosion rate and Sr flux in the CQW are 122 t km− 2 a− 1 and 0.079 t km− 2 a− 1, respectively, which are higher than those of the SGW (56 t km− 2 a− 1 and 0.021 t km− 2 a− 1, respectively). These data suggest that the intensive carbonates weathering occurred in the karstic area in the upper-reach of the Yangtze River exert great influence on the high Sr concentration and low Sr isotopic ratios in the River. 相似文献
20.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(3):311-325
Barium/Sr and Ca/Sr ratios have been used to model the relative importance of different sources of stream water. Major and trace element concentrations together with 87Sr/86Sr ratios were measured in precipitation, soil water, groundwater and stream water in a small (9.4 km2) catchment in northern Sweden. The study catchment is drained by a first order stream and mainly covered with podzolized Quaternary till of granitic composition. It is underlain by a 1.8 Ga granite. A model with mixing equations used in an iterative mode was developed in order to separate the stream water into 3 subsurface components: soil water, shallow groundwater, and deep groundwater. Contributions from precipitation are thus not included in the model. This source may be significant for the stream water generation, but it does not interfere with the calculations of the relative contributions from the subsurface components. The results show that the deep groundwater constitutes between 5 and 20% of the subsurface water discharge into the stream water. The highest values of the deep groundwater fraction occur during base flow. Soil water dominates during snowmelt seasons, whereas during base flow it is the least important fraction. Soil water accounts for 10–100% of the subsurface water discharge into the stream water. Shallow groundwater accounts for up to 80% of the subsurface water discharge with the lowest values at peak discharge during snowmelt seasons and the highest values during base flow. The validity of the model was tested by comparing the measured 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the stream water with the 87Sr/86Sr ratios predicted by the model. There was a systematic difference between the measured and modelled 87Sr/86Sr ratios which suggests that the fraction of soil water is overestimated by the model, especially during spring flood. As a consequence of this overestimation of soil water the amount of shallow groundwater is probably underestimated during this period. However, it is concluded that the differences between measured and predicted values are relatively small, and that element ratios are potentially effective tracers for different subsurface water flowpaths in catchments. 相似文献