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二台子—半仓沟金矿矿石矿物及藻菌组构 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
陕西二台子－半仓沟金矿床赋存干泥盆系层位中，层控性质明显。其矿石矿物除常见硫化物、自然金、有机碳、沥青外，还有辉砷镍矿、铬铁镍合金、铂矿物等，表明原始矿液与海底火山作用有关。矿石中见有多种藻菌结构，说明矿床在形成与藻菌对金的吸收、吸附分不开。 相似文献
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邛莫金矿床中的灰硒汞矿 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
灰硒汞矿是一种少见的矿物。该文叙述的灰硒汞矿产于西秦岭南亚带邛莫微细浸染型金矿床中。与其共生的矿物有自然金、灰硒铅矿、硒锑矿、硒镍矿、硒－辉锑矿、硒－块硫锑铜矿、硒－辉砷镍矿等。 相似文献
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贵州遵义黄家湾下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍-钼富集层电子探针研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对贵州遵义黄家湾下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍-钼富集层进行电子探针研究,发现镍主要赋存于黄铁矿、针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、铁辉砷镍矿、紫硫镍矿、赫硫镍矿;钼主要以"碳硫钼矿"的形式存在。镍钼硫化物多与黄铁矿、白铁矿交代共生,反映矿物经历了不同的成矿阶段。岩石中不仅富集Ni、Mo元素,而且Se元素存在超常富集,可以视为热液作用或生物作用的结果。遵义黄家湾下寒武统Ni-Mo富集层应为海底热液沉积和生物沉积混合成因,其物源较为复杂。 相似文献
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对张家界杆子坪黑色岩系型镍钼矿进行矿物学分析和扫描电镜研究,发现镍主要赋存于铁-方硫镍矿[(Ni,Fe)S2]、针镍矿(NiS)、方硫镍矿(NiS2)、硫镍矿(NiNi2S4)、辉砷镍矿(NiAsS)、紫硫镍矿(FeNi2S4)、镍黄铁矿[(Fe,Ni)9S8]等;钼主要以"胶硫钼矿"的形式存在。镍钼矿物多与黄铁矿、脉石矿物交代共生,反映出矿物嵌布关系的复杂性。镍钼矿物嵌布粒度不均匀且细小,给选矿带来很大的难度。 相似文献
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滇西南墨江金厂金镍矿床金、镍赋存状态及成矿过程探讨 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
墨江金厂金镍矿床位于滇西南哀牢山造山带中段,是西南三江地区一个独特的金镍共生矿床。笔者通过野外地矿物主要为针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、锑硫镍矿、黄铁矿等。依据矿(化)脉切割关系、矿石结构构造及矿物共生组合,墨江金厂金镍矿床成岩-成矿期共发育4个世代黄铁矿。沉积变质期以草莓状黄铁矿和胶状黄铁矿为主,热液成矿期可划分为:早阶段石英-针镍矿-辉砷镍矿-锑硫镍矿-黄铁矿;主阶段石英-黄铁矿-毒砂-硫锑铜银矿-自然金;晚阶段方解石-石英-黄铁矿。对矿区赋金镍贯通性矿物黄铁矿进行详细的电子探针分析,结果显示4个世代黄铁矿微量元素有所差异。其中热液主阶段黄铁矿中含有Au、As、Sb、Pb、Zn、Cu、Co、Ni和Te,显示其流体成分复杂。不同阶段黄铁矿Ni含量不同,沉积变质期黄铁矿中Ni含量较低,为0.00%~0.82%,平均0.26%;热液早阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量最高,为0.43%~3.15%,平均1.38%;热液主阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量降低,为0.00%~0.99%,平均0.22%;热液晚阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量最低,为0.00%~0.09%,平均0.03%。研究结果表明墨江金厂金镍矿床中主要含金矿物和含镍矿物形成于热液期,含金矿物形成晚于含镍矿物。Ni在热液流体中的迁移能力与流体温度正相关,温度越高,Ni进入黄铁矿晶格的能力越强。基于上述金、镍成矿过程研究成果,并对比国内外热液镍矿床的地质-地球化学特征,推断墨江金厂金镍矿床是一个受岩浆热液改造的中-低温热液金镍矿床。 相似文献
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位于芬兰北部中拉普兰绿岩带的克维特斯塔(Kevitsa)镍-铜-铂族元素矿床是世界上主要的岩浆镍-铜硫化物矿床之一。该矿床储量大,含丰富的镍-铜硫化物和铂族元素。对矿床产出环境、地质特征、矿床成因等进行了总结,结果表明:矿体主要赋存于克维特斯塔基性—超基性层状侵入体的超基性单元中。主要矿石类型为普通型和镍-铂族元素型2种,其中镍-铂族元素型矿石内橄榄石具极高的Ni含量。主要矿石矿物为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、针硫镍矿、红砷镍矿、砷镍矿、辉砷镍矿等,绝大部分铂族矿物包含在硅酸盐中和附着在硫化物颗粒边界。Re-Os、Sm-Nd、Sr及S同位素特征显示成矿岩浆为幔源,但受到地壳物质的混染作用。Pb同位素年代学结果表明克维特斯塔侵入体形成于古元古代。 相似文献
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新嘎果矿床是西藏冈底斯成矿带北缘矽卡岩多金属成矿带的一个典型矽卡岩型铅锌矿床。矽卡岩矿体主要呈层状、似层状产于下白垩统塔克那组地层中。电子探针测试结果表明,矽卡岩矿物主要为钙铝榴石、钙铁辉石和绿帘石,少量的硅灰石、密绿泥石等,构成典型的钙质矽卡岩。金属矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿,少量的白铁矿、毒砂、自然铋、斜方辉铅铋矿、辉砷镍矿等。该矿床中石榴子石成分特征指示成矿环境是变化的,在早期进变质阶段由氧化环境向还原环境转变,而晚期退变质阶段由氧化环境向还原环境转变。金属矿物中闪锌矿主要为铁闪锌矿,表明其形成于中高温环境。而含铋的矿物主要为自然铋、斜方辉铅铋矿和方铅矿,并且在这些矿物中Ag和Bi的含量呈正相关性,指示铋对银的富集可能起着重要的作用;此外,铋也是新嘎果矿床重要的伴生有用元素,具有较高的综合利用价值。 相似文献
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东天山图拉尔根、白石泉铜镍钴矿床钴、镍赋存状态及原岩含矿性研究 总被引：37，自引：9，他引：37
图拉尔根、白石泉两处镍铜矿床的发现被认为是近年在新疆地区铜镍找矿中的重大突破,两者均属于和超镁铁-镁铁质杂岩有关的岩浆熔离贯入型矿床,前者更富含钴。矿石中磁黄铁矿-镍黄铁矿-黄铜矿共生为本矿床及同类矿床之共同特征。文章对岩体的含矿性及其中Co、Ni元素的赋存状态进行了研究,以等离子质谱对岩体中的Co、Ni、Cu及稀土元素分析和S元素丰度的湿法化学分析,揭示出两处岩体含矿性颇佳。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针分析并辅以常规显微镜,查明了Ni、Co两元素主要以独立的硫化物和硫砷化合物状态存在。在图拉尔根矿区发现的钴独立矿物镍辉砷钴矿和钴辉砷镍矿,属于辉砷钴矿和辉砷镍矿的同质多像变种。对此类金属矿物均作了较深入的分析与研究,为阐明矿床的成矿规律以及扩大找矿提供了重要的事实依据;也冀望对将来矿山选、冶方案的优化制定有所裨益。 相似文献
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吉林省红旗岭铜镍硫化物矿床矿石学特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
吉林省红旗岭地区目前正在开采的铜镍硫化物矿床共有5个,均属岩浆熔离型矿床.矿石矿物磁黄铁矿显微镜下可识别出3个同质多象变体:陨硫铁(tr)、六方磁黄铁矿(hpo)和单斜磁黄铁矿(pm).其基本结构主要为NiAs型,具有较高的Ni Cu Co含量,与相应的地幔包体成分相近.镍黄铁矿也有高温结晶型、低温出溶型和低温结晶型3种类型.电子探针微区成分分析显示了同种矿物的不同变种在成分上具有继承与关联性.在该矿床首次发现的辉砷镍矿的存在和黄铁矿的标形特征说明含S-As流体的交代作用在成岩后期普遍存在,为分析红旗岭铜镍硫化物矿床的成矿机制研究提供了矿物学信息. 相似文献
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G.D. Senior L.K. Smith E. Silvester W.J. Bruckard 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,93(2):165-171
The flotation response of gersdorffite has been determined in a series of batch flotation tests in which a sulphide sample containing about 76% gersdorffite was floated from mixtures with quartz.Using xanthate as collector, the arsenide floated strongly at pH 9, irrespective of whether lime, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate was used as pH modifier. When the pH was raised further to 10 or more using lime, the flotability decreased sharply.Changing the pulp potential at pH 9 also strongly affected the flotation response. Above about − 230 mV SHE, the mineral floated strongly, but below this potential it was essentially non-flotable. As far as it was tested (up to + 400 mV SHE), no upper limiting potential was found.Adding cyanide to the grinding mill brought about only a weak depressant effect on subsequent gersdorffite flotation at both pH 9 and 10. However, adding the same amount of cyanide to the flotation cell produced a strong depressant effect at the same pH values. At both pH 9 and pH 10, a threshold cyanide addition existed below which gersdorffite floated strongly, and above which it did not. For the conditions used in this study, this addition equates to about 100 g/t at pH 9 and about 80 g/t at pH 10. A hypothesis for the depression effect is presented which is consistent with both the available flotation data and a series of diagnostic analyses of grinding and flotation pulps completed during the test work. 相似文献
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Udo Harms 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2010,70(2):175-184
Gersdorffite from two mineralization types (post-Variscan vein deposits, strata-bound mineralization) was investigated in the Niederberg area Rhenish Massif. In the ternary Ni–Co–Fe space gersdorffite from post-Variscan vein deposits displays a tight cluster with the highest Ni-contents ranging from 0.825 to 0.962 atoms per formula unit (a.p.f.u.). As/S ratios comprise a narrow range from 0.875 to 1.012. In contrast gersdorffite from the strata-bound mineralization displays a substitutional trend. Co and Fe substitute for Ni in a ± fixed ratio. Ni ranges between 0.494 and 0.836 a.p.f.u. As/S ratios (1.025–1.211) display a wider range and indicate higher As-contents relative to gersdorffite from post-Variscan vein deposits. Based on these results, two different hydrothermal fluid systems can be identified in the Niederberg area forming gersdorffite in both mineralization types. The hydrothermal fluids circulating in the post-Variscan vein deposits were homogeneous (high Ni-activities, lower As fugacities) and mixing occurred far away from the site of deposition whereas the fluids of the strata-bound mineralization were more heterogeneous (decreasing Ni-activities) with moderate elevated As fugacities. With respect to the post-Variscan vein deposits in the Niederberg area the results are compatible with earlier findings.Comparison with available gersdorffite analyses from adjacent areas (borehole Viersen, Ramsbeck deposit) reveal that gersdorffite compositions provide a reliable tool in distinguishing between different hydrothermal systems on a regional scale in the northern Rhenish Massif. However, gersdorffite compositions cannot be used to discriminate between Variscan and post-Variscan deposits with confidence.The country rocks in the Niederberg area are possible sources for Ni, Co and Fe during gersdorffite formation of the strata-bound mineralization. However, due to the remarkable homogeneity of gersdorffite compositions of the post-Variscan vein deposits irrespective of age and composition of the immediate adjacent host-rocks it is assumed that these host-rocks are not the source of the metals. Reduced Zechstein sulfate is assumed to be the source of sulfur. The As source remains unknown.Due to conflicting experimental data concerning the gersdorffite solid solution field it is not possible to derive reliable formation temperatures for the strata-bound mineralization. However, gersdorffite compositions of the post-Variscan vein deposits are compatible with low formation temperatures (<300 °C) in accordance with earlier findings. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2006,225(3-4):291-303
The Fe–Co–Ni–As–S system has been investigated by combining experimental data with data compiled from literature. The main focus is the phase relations and crystal chemistry of the monosulfide, pentlandite, gerdorffite–cobaltite, diarsenide, and skutterudite solid solutions.The phase relations along the Co(As, S)2–Ni(As, S)2 section has been constructed using literature data. There was reasonable agreement between the different data sets and it was possible to combine them into a unifying model showing the phase relations enveloping the gersdorffite–cobaltite solid solution.The compositional variations and the related changes in unit-cell parameters of these five Fe–Co–Ni-bearing solid solutions have been statistically analyzed. Comparison between the resulting coefficients and the effective ionic radius [Shannon, R.D., 1976. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta. Cryst. A32, 751–767.] of the substituting elements test assumptions made concerning valence, spin state, and metal–metal bonding.Monosulfide solid solution and pentlandite both behave in a way consistent with extensive metal–metal bonding. Fe causes significant relative unit-cell expansion; Co causes a large contraction of the unit cell and Ni a moderate contraction. This supports previously suggested bonding models arguing that 56 d electrons stabilize the pentlandite cube-cluster and one d electron from each metal atom participate in metal–metal bonding. Crystal chemical models explaining the variation in the metal/sulfur ratio in pentlandite by metal vacancies are challenged by the observation that excess sulfur increases the unit-cell size of pentlandite.In cobaltite–gersdorffite, diarsenide, and skutterudite, Co has less than half the structural impact than Ni, although both elements caused significant increases in some unit-cell parameters. This partly contradicts bonding models explaining the metal atoms to be in their divalent low-spin state in cobaltite–gersdorffite and the diarsenides, suggesting that the bonding situation is more complex than normally assumed. Substituting As with S causes an expected unit-cell increase in cobaltite–gersdorffite. 相似文献
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湘西北地区位于扬子陆块东南缘,在其寒武系纽芬兰统海相磷块岩的微孔隙中发现nm~μm级晶质铀矿。文章通过扫描电镜对铀矿的空间占位进行微区解剖,确定铀以超显微状态(1~4μm)的晶质铀矿形式存在于方硫镍矿中。认为超显微晶质铀矿和辉砷镍矿是同沉积鲕粒状磷块岩在较高的温压条件下,通过海底喷流气水溶液强溶蚀改造并发生结晶时,以超显微包体的形式存在于方硫镍矿中;随着温度、压力的下降,包体中富铀溶液出现过饱和,晶质铀矿从富铀溶液中结晶析出,以独立矿物晶质铀矿的形式呈超显微状态存在于方硫镍矿中。晶质铀矿在中高温热液成矿作用中以超显微状态呈立方体、八面体、立方体与八面体的聚形以及块状体产出,对认识天然条件下晶质铀矿生成的物理化学条件具有重要意义。同时,晶质铀矿呈超显微状态存在的实例对该类型铀矿存在形式的发现和研究具有重要启迪,为揭示扬子陆块东南缘的陆缘裂陷中海底喷流成矿示踪提供了依据。 相似文献
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喷流沉积型矿床是矿床地质学研究的前沿课题,查明矿石中重要组分(镍和钼)的赋存状态是该类矿床地质学研究的重要内容。湘黔地区天鹅山-黄家湾、大坪-大浒镍钼矿带是典型的海底喷流沉积矿床,本文采集该矿区的样品,应用化学和光谱定量分析、偏光显微镜和X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针等大型现代仪器相结合的分析手段,研究了矿石中镍和钼的赋存状态。化学和光谱分析确定矿石中镍含量为3.76％,钼含量为4.99％;偏光显微镜下观察发现金属矿物零星分布,颗粒细小,结晶程度差,光学特征极不明显,晶体形貌特征难以观察,初步推断矿石矿物以胶状形式存在,但在光学显微镜下很难为这些矿物定名和描述;X射线衍射分析验证了偏光显微镜鉴定结果,印证了样品中存在很多非晶质矿物,仅有钨钼钙矿和镍黄铁矿两种矿物含有镍钼,且矿物含量很低(分别为0.4%和0.8%),对比化学分析结果,可推断样品还存在其他富含镍钼元素的矿物。进一步对富集镍钼元素的区域进行电子探针分析,最终确定了镍除了赋存于辉砷镍矿、方硫镍矿中,在胶状黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿边缘呈蠕虫状花边的镍黄铁矿中也有富集;钼主要赋存于碳硫钼矿中。矿石中的镍钼主要赋存于由胶态向结晶态过渡的金属矿物中,研究成果为该类矿床的矿石矿物学研究、选矿、冶炼及矿石综合利用提供重要的信息和依据。 相似文献
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墨江金厂金镍矿床位于哀牢山造山带中段,九甲—安定大断裂上盘,是西南三江成矿带内一个独特的金镍矿床。本文在详细野外地质调查基础上,通过显微镜下观察、扫描电镜和能谱分析,结合矿石微量元素分析,对矿石中金、镍赋存状态及成因关系进行了研究。结果显示,金赋存形式主要有可见金和不可见金。可见金又可分为粒间金和包体金;不可见金是以Au~+赋存于硫锑铜银矿、黄铁矿中。镍赋存状态有两种:一是以独立矿物,如辉砷镍矿、锑硫镍矿等存在;二是以离子态赋存于黄铁矿、硫锑铜银矿中。矿石结构构造、矿物共生组合及微量元素含量等显示,金和镍为同期热液成矿,金来自岩浆热液系统远端的低温热液,镍是含金低温热液流经超基性岩体时萃取而来。成矿过程可分为早期富硅质热液和晚期富钙质热液两个阶段,成矿是在幕式构造活动下多期流体运移和沉淀的结果。 相似文献
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The paper discusses earlier poorly studied mineralized rocks of the Kingash ultramafic complex in the Kan Block of the Eastern Sayan, including the large Cu–Ni–PGE deposit of the same name. Despite many researchers' increased interest in the Kingash massif, a number of questions related to the petrology, formation mechanism, and localization of Cu–Ni–PGE ore remain controversial. Along with already known ore minerals, we have identified and described a number of new mineral species: argentite, Fe-enriched sperrylite, a bismuth variety of merenskyite, gersdorffite, cobaltite, and thorianite. The ore minerals are distinguished by a higher relative amount of Fe, and this makes the Kingash deposits close to other Paleoproterozoic Cu–Ni deposits, e.g., the Jinchuan in China, Pechenga in Russia, Ungava in Canada, Mt. Scholl in Australia, etc. 相似文献
18.
G.D. Senior L.K. Smith W.J. Bruckard 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2010,94(1-2):92-96
High arsenic levels in nickel sulphide concentrates can often present technical and environmental problems at the smelter. In some ores a flotation separation between the nickel sulphides and the arsenide minerals is required in order to meet smelter specifications for arsenic. There is very little information in the literature about such separations and the flotability of nickel arsenides in general. Data are presented here from a single mineral flotation investigation into the flotability of niccolite (NiAs), one of the key nickel arsenide minerals present in nickel sulphide ores in Australia.Niccolite is only weakly flotable with xanthate collector at pH 9 and this behavior is independent of the grinding environment. This suggests that high arsenic levels in nickel concentrates are not due to niccolite flotation, but are more likely to be due to flotation of more floatable arsenic-bearing minerals such as gersdorffite. Cyanide diminishes the poor recovery of niccolite further. 相似文献