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1.
金川低品位镍矿石工艺矿物学特性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
金川低品位镍矿石属发生较强烈氧化的难处理型镍资源,矿石中镍的品位为0.51%,主要以紫硫镍矿形式存在。紫硫镍矿由磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿蚀变而来,呈现铁高、硫低、镍低的特点,选矿中可浮性较差。主要矿物的工艺嵌布粒度统计分析表明,矿石中镍矿物和黄铜矿均属微细粒嵌布的范畴,磁铁矿则具不均匀细粒嵌布的特点。单纯从粒度分布特征来看,选矿中欲使90%以上的镍矿物获得解离,以选择-0.026 mm的磨矿细度较为适宜,此时-600目部分约占95%左右。与磁铁矿嵌连关系密切的紫硫镍矿占其总量的95%以上,选矿过程中要提高镍的回收率,必须尽可能多地回收磁铁矿。矿石中脉石矿物主要为蛇纹石与绿泥石,易泥化,减少和消除脉石矿物对选别的影响至关重要。 相似文献
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贵州遵义黄家湾下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍-钼富集层电子探针研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对贵州遵义黄家湾下寒武统牛蹄塘组镍-钼富集层进行电子探针研究,发现镍主要赋存于黄铁矿、针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、铁辉砷镍矿、紫硫镍矿、赫硫镍矿;钼主要以"碳硫钼矿"的形式存在。镍钼硫化物多与黄铁矿、白铁矿交代共生,反映矿物经历了不同的成矿阶段。岩石中不仅富集Ni、Mo元素,而且Se元素存在超常富集,可以视为热液作用或生物作用的结果。遵义黄家湾下寒武统Ni-Mo富集层应为海底热液沉积和生物沉积混合成因,其物源较为复杂。 相似文献
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东昆仑夏日哈木超大型岩浆镍钴硫化物矿床的工业价值，不仅取决于矿石中Co、Ni的含量，还取决于钴和镍关键金属的赋存状态和分布规律。笔者利用全自动矿物分析系统钻孔样品分析，确定Co和Ni在样品中有2种赋存状态：独立钴、镍矿物和含Co、Ni矿物。对钴、镍金属矿物进行原位主、微量元素分析发现，Co在钴、镍金属矿物中含量由高到低为：辉砷钴矿>砷镍矿、方硫铁镍矿、镍黄铁矿>红砷镍矿、磁铁矿>磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿；Ni在钴、镍金属矿物中含量由高到低为：砷镍矿、红砷镍矿>硫铋镍矿、方硫铁镍矿、镍黄铁矿>辉砷钴矿>磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿。选择钻孔中体积分数占比最高的磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿，进行原位核–边微量元素及面扫描分析发现，Co、 Ni在镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿单颗粒尺度上是均一分布的，两种矿物的Co/Ni值变化不大，表明矿物没有受到热液作用影响。然而，Ni在磁黄铁矿中分布不均一，并且矿物的Co/Ni值变化较大，表明磁黄铁矿对热液作用更为敏感。矿物原位主、微量元素分析结果显示，镍黄铁矿中的Co、Ni含量与镍、钴独立矿物接近，远超岩体中其他含钴、镍金属硫化物。因此，含Ni... 相似文献
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福建牛头山新近纪碱性玄武岩中地幔岩包体内硫化物研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
福建牛头山一带新近纪碱性玄武岩中含有尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体。这些地幔岩包体内普遍存在有硫化物。硫化物按产状和成因分为两类:1)分布于寄主矿物内部,未与裂隙相连,是地幔岩浆作用的产物;2)分布于颗粒内或颗粒边部,在裂隙上或与裂隙相连,是地幔流体交代作用的产物。电子探针分析表明,15个硫化物测点中,除2个黄铜矿、1个硫铜铁矿外,其余为不同Ni/Fe(mol比)比值的铁镍硫化物:6个测点为富镍镍黄铁矿,其Ni/Fe=0.98～2.79,(Fe+Ni)/S=1.03～1.08;2个为针镍矿,其Ni/Fe=5.5,(Fe+Ni)/S=1.01;4个测点为富镍磁黄铁矿,其Ni/Fe=0.29～0.49,(Fe+Ni)/S=0.79～0.94。4粒单一硫化物矿物的成份是不均一的,多数表现为自中心到边部Ni含量和Ni/Fe值呈增加趋势,而Fe和Cu含量呈减少趋势。本研究还发现单一硫化物中由中心到边部金与镍大致有相同的变化趋势。 相似文献
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来自蛇绿岩地幔的硫（砷）化物矿物组合 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近来在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的罗布莎蛇绿岩块的地幔豆荚状铬铁矿中发现一个包括金刚石、柯石英、自然元素、合金、氧化物以及硫(砷)化物组成的地幔矿物群。该矿物群的硫(砷)化物具有特殊化学成分并呈包裹体分布在贱金属(BM)和铂族元素(PGE)或它们的合金中,大量化学成分分析得知它们主要由下列元素组成:S、As、Te、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、Pt、Pd、Ru、Rh、Os、Ir、Mn和Ti。根据化学成分可辨别出约30种硫(砷)化物矿物:FeS、NiS、(Ni,Fe)S、Fe3S2、Ni3S2、(Ru,Os,Ir)S2、Rh7As3、Rh5Ni(Cu)As4、Pd4Rh3As3、Pd8As2、Pd3TeAs、Pd7Te3、RuAs、PtAs2、Ni4Rh3As3、Rh(As,S)2、(Rh,Ir)(As,S)2、Ir(As,S)2、MnS、Ti7S3、Ti7N3、Rh3.5Se3.5CuS2、RhS、Ir2S3、(Ir,Cu)2、S3(Co,Ni,Fe)2(As,S)3、(Ir,Pt)(As,S)2、Ru3(As,S)7以及(BM)x(PGE)yS10-(x y)等,其中包括已定名和未定名的矿物。由于矿物粒度小(<25μm),缺乏X射线分析资料,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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滇西南墨江金厂金镍矿床金、镍赋存状态及成矿过程探讨 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
墨江金厂金镍矿床位于滇西南哀牢山造山带中段,是西南三江地区一个独特的金镍共生矿床。笔者通过野外地矿物主要为针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、锑硫镍矿、黄铁矿等。依据矿(化)脉切割关系、矿石结构构造及矿物共生组合,墨江金厂金镍矿床成岩-成矿期共发育4个世代黄铁矿。沉积变质期以草莓状黄铁矿和胶状黄铁矿为主,热液成矿期可划分为:早阶段石英-针镍矿-辉砷镍矿-锑硫镍矿-黄铁矿;主阶段石英-黄铁矿-毒砂-硫锑铜银矿-自然金;晚阶段方解石-石英-黄铁矿。对矿区赋金镍贯通性矿物黄铁矿进行详细的电子探针分析,结果显示4个世代黄铁矿微量元素有所差异。其中热液主阶段黄铁矿中含有Au、As、Sb、Pb、Zn、Cu、Co、Ni和Te,显示其流体成分复杂。不同阶段黄铁矿Ni含量不同,沉积变质期黄铁矿中Ni含量较低,为0.00%~0.82%,平均0.26%;热液早阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量最高,为0.43%~3.15%,平均1.38%;热液主阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量降低,为0.00%~0.99%,平均0.22%;热液晚阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量最低,为0.00%~0.09%,平均0.03%。研究结果表明墨江金厂金镍矿床中主要含金矿物和含镍矿物形成于热液期,含金矿物形成晚于含镍矿物。Ni在热液流体中的迁移能力与流体温度正相关,温度越高,Ni进入黄铁矿晶格的能力越强。基于上述金、镍成矿过程研究成果,并对比国内外热液镍矿床的地质-地球化学特征,推断墨江金厂金镍矿床是一个受岩浆热液改造的中-低温热液金镍矿床。 相似文献
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《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(3)
夏塞Ag-Pb-Zn矿床为三江中北段义敦地区一个典型的大型岩浆热液脉型矿床,本次研究首次发现了镍矿物。银铅锌矿床中发育镍矿物的报道甚少,且含镍流体来源也存在争论。本文通过对镍矿物进行电子探针成分测试及元素面扫描分析,探讨了Ni元素的赋存状态及其地质意义。研究表明,这些矿物主要由Ni和Sb组成,少量矿物含较低含量的Fe和S。矿物名称为红锑镍矿(NiSb),主要以矿物包裹体形式赋存于磁黄铁矿或以微细矿物与磁黄铁矿伴生。结合前期矿床学研究成果,表明夏塞Ag-Pb-Zn矿床成矿作用与早白垩世晚期壳幔混合成因的二长花岗岩关系密切。 相似文献
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用合成和天然样品对硫尖晶石序列硫镍矿(Ni_3S_4)—紫硫镍矿(FeNi_2S_4)—胶黄铁矿(Fe_3S_4),特别是其中间组分〔“紫硫镍矿”(Fe,Ni)_3S_4〕的晶体化学和矿物性质进行了研究。在Ni_3S_4—FeNi_2S_4序列中,随着Fe含量增加,其热稳定性增大,晶胞参数a近似呈线性减小,反射率增大(波长为859nm时,反射谱线则表现出更复杂的变化。当成分在Fe_0.25Ni_2.75S_4—FeNi_2S_4之间时,其穆斯堡尔谱基本由双峰组成,同质异能位移和四极分裂值皆很小,并且前者还随Fe的增加而减小(0.23~0.35mm/sec)。我们认为,这是由于八面体位中Fe~(2+)处于低自旋状态所致。对谱线的进一步考察表明,在四面体中可能有铁存在(~18%)。这些数据与以前提出的硫尖晶石成键模型相吻合。虽然对天然样品的电子探针分析表明,从Ni_3S_4到Fe_3S_4,存在有完全固溶体,但成键模型表明,如果Fe含量超过FeNi_2S_4组分,则会变为亚稳相。这种可能的亚稳组分的形成和对成分相应于Fe_3S_4、贫硫达1—2%的紫硫镍矿的观察,以及与紫硫镍矿有关的低温相的不确定性,都可解释为是由于紫硫镍矿为原生矿物(镍黄铁矿)的变生矿物所致。因此,这种矿物在自然界中的形成,反应机制和动力学因素起着决定作用。 相似文献
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新疆萨尔托海铬铁矿中的Fe-Ni-As-S矿物研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
新疆萨尔托海铬铁矿是一个典型的与蛇绿岩有关的高铝型豆荚状铬铁矿,其中矿石铬尖晶石发生了明显的热液蚀变,发育了富Cr的蚀变环边,形成高铁铬铁矿,Cr#在蚀变后升高,发生了Cr元素的次生富集。在矿石颗粒间隙中的Fe-Ni-As-S矿物组合主要为镍黄铁矿-赫硫镍矿-针镍矿-砷镍矿。围岩纯橄岩普遍发育强烈的蛇纹石化,其中的Fe-Ni-As-S矿物组合为赫硫镍矿-镍黄铁矿-砷镍矿,还有少量的针镍矿和铜矿物。通过对硫化物的成分对比分析,认为矿石中的镍黄铁矿和赫硫镍矿都属于岩浆演化的产物(600℃),与赫硫镍矿和针镍矿一样,均从贫S的母岩浆中通过岩浆熔离过程形成。围岩和矿石中的含砷矿物以及围岩中的镍黄铁矿都是晚期热液活动的结果,其中砷镍矿具有特殊的蠕虫状-乳滴状结构,与围岩中的赫硫镍矿和镍黄铁矿共生。围岩和矿石中Fe-Ni-As-S矿物组合的形态和成分差异,说明金属矿物的整体演化从岩浆期到热液期经历了从贫S到富As的环境变化,最终形成了现在所观察到的复杂Fe-Ni-As-S矿物组合。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献