共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
分布式采集了玄武湖底长期暴露的底泥,分析了底泥营养物的分层分布及其理化特性对湖泊水质的影响强度。通过动态换水试验,研究了复水过程中暴露底泥营养盐的释放过程和上覆水总磷、总氮浓度变化对水土界面物质交换的作用关系以及对水体富营养化程度的影响机制。实验及模拟表明:由于湖泥表层长期暴露,有机及结合态营养盐降解为无机态营养盐,即使复水过程中使用清水,但由于干涸湖床沉积物总磷T-P、总氮T-N的垂直分布,也将严重导致内源营养盐释放总量持续增加,在相对长时间内,上覆水总磷浓度仍维持在较高(01mg/L)水平。研究成果为实施生态修复,治理复水后湖体富营养化提供了理论和实验依据。 相似文献
2.
随着广西最大的河口三角洲廉州湾海洋环境压力的不断加大,地质环境综合监测评价工作难以满足经济发展和环境保护需求。结合前人研究成果和岸段排污特征,在廉州湾布设了20个监测站位,于夏、冬两季通过取样分析、现场测量等手段相结合进行数据采集,并分析了需氧量、营养盐、重金属等要素的时空分布以及变化特征。结果表明: 受径流输入和沿岸排污共同影响要素而变化较大,要素等值线呈现带状或者小尺度半闭合状分布,在南流江出海口等值线较为密集; 氮营养盐以硝酸盐(NO3-N)为主,平均含量0.066~4.35 mg/L,含量较高的重金属有Pb、Zn、Cd、As; 与历史数据对比显示营养盐增加明显,且化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)较高的状况并未有改善; 以滩涂养殖区污染最为严重,夏、冬两季几乎均为富营养化和重污染级,重污染等级比例两季平均值超过50.00%。总体上来看,该湾成为河流污染输入和周边陆源污染物的承纳海盆,并受到地质环境条件的限制而导致海水交换能力较差,现有污染状况同时还与人类对海岸利用开发加大有关。监测成果为进一步实施广西重点规划区海岸带立体化地质监测提供基本资料,并为当地海岸带防灾减灾等提供依据。 相似文献
3.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>通过控制外源营养盐流入可以降低水体营养盐浓度,抑制蓝藻爆发。目前一些外源控制措施已经用于富营养化水体的修复,并取得一定成效。但是仅仅控制外源污染并不能抑制蓝藻爆发,底泥中营养物质的释放(内源污染)受到人们广泛关注。目前关于富营养化水体内源污染治理机制是抑制底泥中营养物质向上覆水迁移,如:底泥覆盖和底泥疏浚、生态修复等。但是这些措施成本高、时间长,难以大规模应用。本文基于磷是富营养化水体控制因子,研究铜绿微囊藻增值与底泥磷释放关系及其对底泥形态结构的改 相似文献
4.
近海沉积物中氮磷的同时测定及其在胶州湾沉积物中的应用 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
通过实验优化确定了近海自然粒度下沉积物中氮和磷同时浸取并测定的条件，其中无机态氮和无机态磷用0．1moL／L盐酸浸取后测定；总氮、总磷采用氢氧化钠与过硫酸钾混合氧化剂进行氧化浸取后测定。用这种方法研究了胶州湾沉积物中的氮与磷，探讨了其沉积物中氮和磷的地球化学分布特征，发现胶州湾沉积物中有机氮可占总氮的50％～70％，而有机磷所占总磷的比例低于40％，从湾内到湾外这一比例有降低的趋势；与其他海区相似，胶州湾表层沉积物中无机氮和无机磷的相对含量随着深度的增加而增大，在次表层则趋于稳定或变化较小；而有机氮和有机磷的垂直变化与其相反。结果表明，这种沉积物氮、磷的同时测定方法，具有操作简单、精密度高等特点，可用于近海沉积物氮、磷生态学功能及过量氮、磷生态毒理的研究。 相似文献
5.
太湖东部湖湾水生植物生长区底泥氮磷污染特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了解太湖东部湖湾(贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾)表层底泥中氮、磷的污染特征及其与水生植物生长的关系,采集了各湖湾滨岸带水生植物生长区的表层底泥,探讨了水生植物的生长与分布对表层底泥中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及总有机碳(TOC)等含量的影响,并对表层底泥进行营养评价.结果表明,水生植物生长密集区底泥中TN、TP、TOC的含量均显著低于水生植物零星生长区,说明水生植物的生长对太湖东部湖湾表层底泥中营养盐与有机碳含量具有较为明显的影响;相关性分析显示,表层底泥中TOC与TN含量呈显著相关性(R2=0.832 8),而与TP的相关性则较弱(R2=0.166 5),反映了TOC在湖泊底泥中的沉积可能成为湖泊氮的重要来源,而对磷的影响较小.利用有机指数与有机氮指数两种方法分别对东部各湖湾底泥进行污染评价,贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾底泥有机指数平均值分别为0.142 7、0.228 6与0.208 6,均属较清洁与尚清洁水平,而各湖湾有机氮指数平均值均为Ⅲ与Ⅳ级,说明底泥已遭受了一定程度的氮污染.因此,对水生植物零星生长区表层底泥中氮含量的控制与削减有利于湖泊富营养化的预防与治理. 相似文献
6.
7.
通过2010年夏季在李村河口潮滩区3个站位的采样分析,研究了孔隙水营养盐的分布特征,并利用Fick第一定律估算了沉积物-水界面间营养盐的扩散通量。结果表明,孔隙水营养盐在不同站位间质量浓度不同,呈现出自河口上游向下游逐渐降低的分布趋势。NH4+-N质量浓度为26.21~53.10 mg/L,是孔隙水中营养盐的主要组分。沉积物中有机物的降解反应主要在还原状态下进行,营养盐质量浓度在垂向上的变化受有机质含量及沉积物氧化还原环境改变的综合影响。除NO3--N外其他营养盐均由沉积物向上覆水体扩散,沉积物是底层水体营养盐的重要来源。 相似文献
8.
为探讨滇池湖滨带叶绿素a与营养盐空间分布特征及其对滇池水体富营养化的影响,在滇池湖滨带设置21个采样点进行水质调查,采集滇池水样,分析测定总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(CODCr)、叶绿素a(Chla)和悬浮固体(SS)。结果表明:滇池湖滨带水体TN、TP、CODCr、Chla、SS浓度均值的空间分布存在差异,叶绿素a空间分布呈现北高南低,西高东低的趋势。滇池湖滨带的北部和东部水体Chla与TN极显著相关,TN具有强变异性。南部和西部TN与CODCr、TP显著相关,南部Chla与营养盐空间变异性较小,污染风险相对较小。按照"一区一策"的原则,滇池北部和东部湖滨带富营养化以控制TN的水平为主,南部、西部的富营养化防控则需要控制整体营养盐元素浓度。 相似文献
9.
胶州湾沉积物中氮的地球化学特征及其环境意义* 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
通过分级浸取的方法获得了胶州湾沉积物中不同形态的氮,将可转化态氮分为离子交换态(IEF-N)、弱酸浸取态 (WAEF-N)、强碱浸取态(SAEF-N)和强氧化剂浸取态(SOEF-N),讨论了其地球化学特征和控制因素,并结合210 Pb测年计算了不同年代氮的埋藏通量。在此基础上,分析了胶州湾沉积物中氮给出的环境信息。结果表明,强氧化剂浸取态氮是胶州湾沉积物中可转化态氮主要赋存形态,NO3-N是胶州湾沉积物中氮的优势形态,氮的含量及埋藏通量的分布受到pH、盐度、温度、生物扰动、沉积物粒度、沉积速率等多种因素的影响。受人为活动的影响,目前每年排入胶州湾的固体垃圾和污水中的悬浮颗粒物的量已超过河流来沙,成为胶州湾主要的沉积物来源。在20世纪初由于污染情况较轻,并且受人为活动的影响较小,胶州湾沉积物各形态氮的埋藏通量较低,但自从20世纪80年代开始,环胶州湾地区的工农业迅猛发展,氮的埋藏通量急剧增加,胶州湾地区的环境一度恶化,但由于近年来采取的较为得力的治污与排放措施,胶州湾的环境状况已有明显改观。 相似文献
10.
用HPGeγ谱方法测定了胶州湾表层沉积物、沉积物岩心、潮间带沉积物和周围陆地沉积物的放射性核素238U、228Ra、228Th、226Ra、210Pb、40K和137Cs.笔者对胶州湾沉积物、潮间带沉积物和陆地表层沉积物的放射性核素分布进行研究,结果得出,湾东部沉积物和东岸陆地沉积物具有较高的放射性核素含量.对沉积物岩心放射性核素分布的成因进行了分析,并用210Pbex和137cs方法估算了沉积速率,给出的胶州湾的沉积速率为0.64～1.74 cm/a. 相似文献
11.
Trophic Assessment in Chinese coastal systems-review of methods and application to the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yongjin Xiao João G. Ferreira Suzanne B. Bricker João P. Nunes Mingyuan Zhu Xuelei Zhang 《Estuaries and Coasts》2007,30(6):901-918
Coastal eutrophication has become one of the main threats to Chinese coastal areas during the last two decades. High nutrient
loads from human activities have modified the natural background water quality in coastal water bodies, resulting in a range
of undesirable effects. There is a need to assess the eutrophic level in coastal systems and to identify the extent of this
impact to guide development of appropriate management efforts. Traditional Chinese assessment methods are discussed and compared
with other currently-used methods, such as the Oslo-Paris Convention for the Protection of the North Sea (OSPAR) Comprehensive
Procedure and Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS). The ASSETS method and two Chinese methods were tested on two
Chinese systems: the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary and Jiaozhou Bay. ASSETS is process based, and uses a pressure-state-response
model based on three main indices: Influencing Factors, Overall Eutrophic Condition, and Future Outlook. The traditional methods
are based on a nutrient index. ASSETS was successfully applied to both systems, classifying the Changjiang Estuary as Bad
(high eutrophication) and Jiaozhou Bay as High (low eutrophication). The traditional methods led to ambiguous results, particularly
for Jiaozhou Bay, due to the high spatial variability of data and a failure to assess the role of shellfish aquaculture in
nutrient control. An overview of the Chinese coastal zone identifies 50 estuaries and bays that should form part of a national
assessment. A comparison of methods and results suggests that ASSETS is a promising tool for evaluating the eutrophication
status of these systems. 相似文献
12.
人类活动影响下的胶州湾近百年来环境演变的沉积记录 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文报道了胶州湾柱状沉积物中各生源要素(C、N、P、BSi)以及重金属(Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni、Co、Zn等)的地球化学特征,在210Pb精确定年的基础上计算了各项地球化学参数的埋藏通量,并结合元素间的比值(OC/TN、OC/OP、BSi/N、BSi/P;其中OC为有机碳,TN为总氮,OP为有机磷,BSi为生物源硅)和重金属的某些污染指数,给出了胶州湾环境演变的沉积记录以及人类活动影响因子.结果表明:胶州湾近百年的环境演变大致可以分为三个阶段:1980年以前、1980年到2000年左右和2000年至今,经历了环境的未受污染期污染期治理好转期.这些变化除与自然因素有关外,大部分应该归因于人类活动作用的加强. 相似文献
13.
笔者利用宏量组分、微量组分、痕量金属组分的化学总量、环境因子等测试资料,深入讨论了胶州湾不同介质痕量金属的生物地球化学总体特征及各介质痕量金属组分在平面上的分布,揭示了胶州湾水生系统对陆源物质输入的响应。整个水生系统从垂向上看,表层沉积物是所有痕量金属组分的富集带;该系统中的生物相对于其所处水环境具有显著的富集痕量金属组分作用,生物体中Cu、Hg和As生物浓缩系数依次为1385、93和725。从横向上看,痕量金属组分化学场的研究揭示了痕量金属组分总量在底层水和沉积物介质中的分布主要受控于河口,即高值区分布于胶州湾的各个主要河口区,特别是沉积物中金属组分浓度的高值区主要集中分布于胶州湾的东部。而孔隙水中Cu的高值主要分布于水交替较弱的海域,如红岛前缘。但生物体中的痕量金属组分化学场空间分布规律与上述各介质的化学场均不吻合,亦即生物体中痕量金属组分的浓度与其所处环境中的同名金属组分浓度无关。生物对痕量金属组分的富集并不简单地取决于它所处环境介质中同名金属组分的总量,而存在形态上的选择性。并且通过回归分析揭示了底层水对生物体中Cu、Hg和As的富集贡献较大。 相似文献
14.
Dinoflagellate Cysts in Coastal Sediments as Indicators of Eutrophication: A Case of Gwangyang Bay,South Sea of Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Diatom densities in the surface water and dinoflagellate cysts in bottom sediments of Gwangyang Bay were studied to determine
changes in the phytoplankton community structure in response to anthropogenic eutrophication and to assess the use of dinoflagellate
cysts as indicators of coastal eutrophication. Our results show that, in nutrient-enriched environments, diatoms are particularly
benefited from the nutrients supplied and, as a consequence, heterotrophic dinoflagellates that feed on the diatoms can be
more abundant than autotrophic dinoflagellates. In short-core sediment records, a marked shift in autotrophic–heterotrophic
dinoflagellate cyst compositions occurred at a depth of approximately 9–10 cm corresponding to the timing of the 1970s industrialization
around Gwangyang Bay. This tentatively indicates that diatom and dinoflagellate communities here have undergone a considerable
change mainly due to increased nutrient loadings from both domestic sewage effluent and industrial pollution. Our study suggests
a possible potential use of dinoflagellate cysts in providing retrospective information on the long-term effects of coastal
eutrophication. 相似文献
15.
16.
Significant improvements in water quality have been observed for several decades throughout much of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary, primarily as a result of regional abatement of municipal and industrial discharges. These improvements include area-wide, order-of-magnitude reductions in ambient coliform concentrations and significant increases in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. In contrast to these improvements, DO in bottom waters of the western Long Island Sound (WLIS) appears to have decreased in the last two decades. Although there is no consensus as to why hypoxia in WLIS may have recently become more severe, several related hypotheses have been suggested, including an increase in eutrophication, increased density stratification, and changes in wastewater loads. To determine if eutrophication has increased in WLIS, trends in several indicators of eutrophication were examined from a long-term water quality data set. Since the mid-1980s surface DO supersaturation has increased, bottom minimum DO has decreased, and vertical DO stratification has increased in WLIS. Other areas of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary, such as Jamaica Bay and Raritan Bay, exhibit similar evidence of declining water quality and may be experiencing increasing eutrophication. Temporal changes in vertical density stratification indicate that surface to bottom temperature differences have increased to a greater extent and have had a more significant impact on bottom DO depletion in WLIS than in the shallower Jamaica Bay and Raritan Bay. Additional factors contributing to the observed decline in water quality include recent changes in wastewater loads and possible increases in upstream and nonpoint source loads. 相似文献
17.
Zhangdong Jin Hangxin Cheng Li Chen Xiangdong Li Guangwei Zhu Guangmin Zhuang Na Qian 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(1):33-41
To assess the contamination trends and potential bio-availability of sediment-bound heavy metals, concentrations of heavy
metals in acid-leaching fraction and in bulk sediments from the two typical bays (the Meiliang Bay and Xuhu Bay) of the Taihu
Lake, East China, were studied. Pb and Zn showed elevated concentrations in the sediments from both areas, although sedimentation
history and degree of pollution are different between the two bays. In the Meiliang Bay, both Pb and Zn pollutions started
in the late 1970’s, the same time as the beginning of eutrophication of the lake, while the in the Xuhu Bay the metal contamination
started since recent 10 years. The concentrations of acid-leachable Pb in the sediments from the Meiliang Bay are correlated
with the historical eutrophication process. Before the eutrophication and heavy metal pollution, the chemical properties of
the lake sediments were the same as the source compositions of the Xiashu loess. Both Pb and Zn in the sediments mainly occur
in leachable forms by nitric or hydrochloric acid, whilst most of Cu is in residual fraction. The results indicate that both
Pb and Zn may have higher mobility and bioavailability in water and biology than Cu. 相似文献
18.
The estuary and coastal zone are the key areas for socio-economic development,and they are also the important channels for pollutants transported to the sea.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge changed the hydrodynamic condition of the bay,which made the self-purification capacity of the bay weakened and the pollution in the estuary and adjacent coastal zone become more serious.In this study,55 surface sediment samples were collected from the three seriously polluted estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone of Jiaozhou Bay to comprehensively study how the benthic foraminifera response to heavy metal pollution and human engineering,and to assess the ecological risks of the bay.A total of 80 species,belonging to 42 genera,were identified in this study.The results showed that Cu,Pb,Cr,Hg,Zn,and As had low to median ecological risks in the study area which would definitely affect the ecological system.The construction of the Jiaozhou Bay Bridge has resulted in pollutants accumulated at the river mouth of Loushan River,which has adverse effects on the survival and growth of benthic foraminifera.The lowest population density and diversity as well as the highest FAI(Foraminiferal Abnormality Index)and FMI(Foraminiferal Monitoring Index)occurred at Loushan River Estuary which indicated that the ecological environment of the northeastern part of Jiaozhou Bay(Loushan River Estuary)had been seriously damaged.Licun River and Haipo River estuaries and the adjacent coastal zone were slightly polluted and had low ecological risk.As a consequence,it suggested that the supervision of industrial and domestic waste discharge and the protection of the ecological environment in northeast Jiaozhou Bay should be paid more attention. 相似文献
19.
I. A. Nemirovskaya 《Geochemistry International》2009,47(4):393-404
This paper reports data on the concentrations of organic compounds (organic carbon, Corg; lipids; aliphatic hydrocarbons, AHCs; and polycyclic 0aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) in snow, ice, and subice waters from the mouth of the Severnaya Dvina River (2005–2007) and Kandalaksha Gulf (Chupa Bay, 2004) at the end of winter. It was established that organic compounds are accumulated in the snow and upper ice layer near the town of Archangelsk. The distribution of molecular markers indicates that pollution was mainly caused by local fallouts. In Chupa Bay, organic compounds are concentrated in the lower ice layers, which is typical of the Arctic snow-ice cover. The high contents of organic compounds in the snow-ice cover of the White Sea are caused by the pollution of its air and water during the winter season. 相似文献