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1.
华南寒武纪早期牛蹄塘组黑色岩系底部赋存有一层富Ni-Mo多金属元素的硫化物矿层.Lehmann等(2007)报道Ni-Mo矿石的Mo同位素组成十分均一,δ98/95MoMOMO值为-1.24‰±0.10‰;而赋矿围岩黑色页岩的Mo同位素组成变化较大,δ98/95MoMOMO值为-1.82‰～-0.40‰,并认为Mo全部来源于海水.笔者发现,含Mo低的黑色页岩具有Mo含量与Mo同位素组成的正相关关系,可能反映了海水来源Mo(以富重Mo同位素为特征)与页岩中碎屑组分来源Mo(以富轻Mo同位素为特征)两者的混合.Ni-Mo矿石非常均一的Mo同位素组成可能反映了它们的Mo来源既不是海水,也不是碎屑组分,而很可能是第3种来源,即以海底热液占主导.有必要对含矿与不含矿的该套黑色岩系开展更详细的Mo同位素研究,以便进一步确定寒武纪早期海水的Mo同位素组成和Ni-Mo矿层的成因. 相似文献
2.
由于同位素分析方法的改进及表面热离子质谱(TIMS)和多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的应用,近年来氧化还原敏感元素(Se、Cr、Mo)同位素地球化学得以快速发展,成为国际地学领域的一个前沿。Se同位素在自然界中的变化最大,δ82/76SeNIST为-12.77‰～3.04‰;Cr和Mo同位素变化较小,δ53/52CrNIST值为-0.07‰～0.37‰,δ97/95MoJMC值为-0.27‰～2.65‰。自然界中各种无机过程(氧化还原)和生物有机过程均能使Se、Cr、Mo产生同位素分馏。因此,这些氧化还原敏感元素同位素可以示踪环境污染源、矿床流体来源;解释古海洋与现代海洋中元素的自身循环,从而示踪古氧化还原环境的演化;解释地外撞击事件及宇宙行星演化;甚至在生物学等领域研究中取得了显著成效。虽然还存在一些问题但它们将可能成为地球科学中有巨大应用前景的一种新兴的地球化学工具。 相似文献
3.
贵州铜仁地区南华系大塘坡组黑色页岩型菱锰矿碳、氧同位素特征及锰矿成矿作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
黔湘渝毗邻区是中国南华纪黑色页岩型锰矿的集中产区,近年来在该区域的找矿勘探取得重大进展。但是,该区域内黑色页岩型锰矿的成矿物质来源、成矿机制以及沉积盆地的氧化还原环境及其与成矿的关系尚存争议。文章对贵州高地锰矿的菱锰矿开展了详细的碳、氧同位素研究,样品采自钻孔岩芯,测试结果表明其δ13CV-PDB值和δ18OV-PDB值全部为负值,变化范围分别在-11.5‰~-6.8‰和-15‰~-3.9‰之间。结合前人研究成果,认为黔湘渝毗邻区南华系形成时古海洋处于氧化还原的分层状态,含锰的陆源碎屑物质通过海水的分解作用首先形成氧化锰和氢氧化锰,在浅水滞留盆地环境下古海水由弱氧化状态转变为还原状态,并在有机质降解作用的促使下使锰的氧化物和氢氧化物转化成菱锰矿,并富集沉积形成大塘坡组黑色页岩型菱锰矿矿床。 相似文献
4.
钼同位素的MC-ICP-MS测定方法研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文报道了运用多接收器等离子体质谱进行Mo同位素组成测定的方法, 测定过程中的仪器质量歧视校正采用样品－标样交叉法。实验对Mo同位素测定过程中的谱峰干扰、基体效应、浓度效应、酸度效应和重现性等问题进行了详细研究。结果表明Zr的存在对Mo同位素测定不会产生影响; Sr不适合作为Mo同位素测定的元素内标; 当m(Ag)/m(Mo)≤1时, Ag的存在不会对Mo同位素测定产生影响; 当样品相对于标样的Mo浓度变化不大于50%时, Mo同位素分析不受浓度影响; 以HNO3为进样介质时, HNO3的浓度(0.1 mol/L~0.2 mol/L)对Mo同位素分析没有影响。CAGS-Mo相对于Alfa-Mo的δ100/95Mo、δ98/95Mo和δ97/95Mo分别为－0.34‰±0.10‰(2sd)、－0.22‰±0.05‰(2sd)和－0.13‰±0.08‰(2sd), 在95%的置信区间内, 该方法的外部精度不大于0.06‰/amu。 相似文献
5.
峡东地区埃迪卡拉系黑色页岩的微量元素和Fe同位素特征及其古环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过分析宜昌峡东地区九龙湾剖面埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组黑色页岩的微量元素和Fe同位素组成,对埃迪卡拉纪海洋的氧化还原状态进行了制约。黑色页岩氧化还原敏感元素的富集系数以及U/Th、V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr值等在陡山沱期存在着明显的演化趋势。这些趋势显示陡山沱组二段下部水体处于氧化的状态,陡山沱组二段上部水体处于还原状态,陡山沱组四段黑色页岩发育在氧化环境中。同时,陡山沱组二段下部黑色页岩富集重的Fe同位素,表明黑色页岩来自于海水的铁主要是以Fe3+的氧化物或氢氧化物形式沉淀的,进一步说明这个时期的水体处于氧化状态。综合黑色页岩微量元素和Fe同位素信息,显示在埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱早期海水经历了先氧化后还原的过程,陡山沱晚期海水变得氧化了。这种特征与埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱期生物群的出现和演化相对应,说明海洋的氧化为埃迪卡拉纪生物的出现和演化提供了前提条件。 相似文献
6.
氧气是生命演化的重要因素。近期的一些研究表明,元古宙两次大氧化事件之间的平静期存在多次幕式增氧事件,尤其是14亿年前后大气和海水的氧气水平有着很大程度的提高。但是,目前对于14亿年之前的表生环境氧化还原状态的研究仍存在不足。本次研究通过分析华北克拉通燕辽盆地中元古代～14.4亿年铁岭组绿色页岩的钼同位素组成、氧化还原敏感元素和稀土元素特征,发现绿色页岩的Fe含量和Mn含量较高,并显示富集轻的钼同位素组成(-1.00±0.07‰～-0.49±0.06‰)特征。Fe-Mn-Mo三者相关性表明,轻的Mo同位素主要以吸附共沉淀的形式进入铁锰(氢)氧化物,造成富铁的沉积物富集轻Mo同位素,而海水中Mo同位素偏重,指示绿色页岩沉积于氧化的水体之中。同时,氧化还原敏感元素含量及比值也指示铁岭组绿色页岩沉积时水体为氧化环境。研究结果表明,～14.4亿年前后发生了一次显著的增氧事件,使得当时海水氧化面积扩大,为早期生命演化提供了物质基础。 相似文献
7.
“大塘坡式”锰矿在我国华南黔湘渝地区广泛分布, 是我国最重要的锰矿资源类型之一。它的形成与新元古代Sturtian雪球事件密切相关, 但其具体的成矿机制尚不十分清楚, 还存在许多争论。本文对贵州铜仁地区新近发现的高地超大型锰矿和共伴生黑色页岩中的微量硫酸盐和黄铁矿的硫同位素、菱锰矿等碳酸盐岩及有机碳的碳同位素进行了系统研究, 对该类型锰矿的成矿环境和沉淀机制进行了探讨。高地锰矿大塘坡组一段含锰黑色页岩和锰矿石中硫酸盐的含量很低, 为30.9 ~ 20 439.7 μg/g, 平均3 322.5 μg/g, 硫酸盐的δ34SVCDT为51.5‰~68.1‰, 平均60.4‰。冰碛岩上部铁丝坳组含砾杂砂岩中黄铁矿的δ34SVCDT为26.8‰~59.6‰, 平均52.1‰; 上覆大塘坡组黑色页岩和锰矿石中黄铁矿的δ34SVCDT为53.7‰~65.6‰, 平均63.3‰, 与前人在该区域其它矿区得到的结果一致, 与硫酸盐的δ34SVCDT值差别不大; 黑色页岩和锰矿石全岩的δ34SVCDT为41.4‰~63.9‰, 平均55.7‰。同一样品中, 硫酸盐的δ34S均高于全岩的值, 但差异不大。铁丝坳组顶部含砾杂砂岩的δ13Ccarb为–11.3‰ ~ –8.3‰, 平均–9.6‰, δ13Corg为–31.7‰ ~ –30.1‰, 平均–30.9‰; 大塘坡组一段黑色页岩和锰矿石的δ13Ccarb为–12.4‰ ~ –4.6‰, 平均–8.5‰, δ13Corg为–34.3‰~ –32.6‰, 平均–33.6‰, 二者在含锰段同步下降, 有机碳含量明显升高, 说明有机质对锰矿的形成发挥了重要作用。综上提出, 大塘坡式锰矿形成于滨浅海相半封闭性的断陷盆地之中, 含锰地层中δ34S异常高的黄铁矿是在氧化还原分层明显的静水环境中, 由δ34S异常高的孔隙水硫酸盐在成岩过程中几乎全部还原形成的, 而海水硫酸盐的δ34S正异常与雪球事件、生物爆发和沉积演化等密切相关。雪球融化之后, 在断陷盆地的浅层海水中, 生物活动和光合作用强盛, 氧浓度高, 海水中Mn2+不断被氧化形成氧化锰并从海水中沉淀出来, 而深部还原缺氧富Mn2+的海水不断越过构造脊进来补充。浅层海水中微生物大量繁殖, 死亡后沉降于海底, 导致断陷盆地底部有机质大量聚集, 氧逸度急剧下降。在沉积成岩过程中氧化锰被沉积物中大量有机质全部还原为Mn2+, 有机质本身被氧化为CO2– 3, 二者结合形成菱锰矿。 相似文献
8.
选取西藏冈底斯成矿带的驱龙、达布斑岩型铜钼矿及鸡公村石英脉型钼矿为研究对象,分别挑选含矿斑岩和石英脉中的黄铜矿、辉钼矿进行Cu、Mo同位素测定.结果表明,西藏冈底斯斑岩型黄铜矿的δ^65/63Cu介于0.01‰~0.98‰,辉钼矿的δ^97/95Mo介于-0.34‰^-0.15‰,热液脉型矿床中辉钼矿的δ^97/95Mo介于-0.35‰^-0.23‰.形成于陆-陆碰撞造山后的冈底斯斑岩型铜钼矿床的Cu同位素与俯冲带产出的斑岩型矿床中的Cu同位素组成具有一定的相似性,均表现为单峰分布的特征.驱龙斑岩型矿床中热液脉与含矿斑岩中的δ^65/63Cu具有一致性,可能反映了二者在来源上具有一致性.在冈底斯斑岩型铜钼矿床中,不同蚀变带具有不同的Cu、Mo同位素组成,自蚀变中心向外,δ^65/63Cu与δ^97/95Mo表现出负相关趋势,可能与成矿流体的性质密切相关.冈底斯石英脉型钼矿较斑岩型铜钼矿δ^97/95Mo相对偏负,结合两类矿床的成矿年代,可能暗示两类矿床的成矿物质是同一源区连续演化的结果. 相似文献
9.
空树河组是滇西腾冲地块北部的石碳－二叠纪冈瓦纳相沉积。菱铁矿结核见于该组顶部的黑色泥岩中。将一个结核通过中心切开，在切面上由中心向边缘用牙钻等间隔提取10个样品。同位素测试结果显示，δ^13C自中心向边缘逐渐由－8．09％减为－16．12％，最外一个样例外（－15．39‰），而δ^18O自中心向边缘逐渐由－10．64‰增加为0‰左右。δ^13C的变化情况表明，菱铁矿结核可能形成于硫酸盐还原带。在解释δ^18o的变化情况时，推测在结核开始生长时可能有δ^18O亏损的大气降水掺入，随着埋藏深度的逐渐加大，孔隙水的O同位素逐渐趋近正常海水的值（0‰）。 相似文献
10.
黔中沉积磷灰石的硫碳同位素及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究了黔中磷块岩中磷灰石的结构硫同位素组成。磷灰石的δ３４Ｓ值为３４．２‰～４２．４‰，它高于同期海水的δ３４Ｓ（约３４．２‰），也高于共生的成岩黄铁矿的δ３４Ｓ（１５．４‰～１９．８‰），表明磷灰石形成于富有机质沉积物早期成岩作用硫酸盐还原带的最上部，其间同时伴有大量硫酸盐细菌的还原过程。磷灰石的碳同位素组成（δ１３Ｃ＝－３．６３‰～１．０‰），表明它含有微生物有机质分解演化而来的ＣＯ２－３，而磷灰石比胶结白云石更富集轻同位素则反映出沉积阶段生物作用的影响比成岩阶段更为明显 相似文献
11.
Lake sediment and water geochemical data from a complex area of the Canadian shield in Labrador, Canada, display spatial variation patterns that can be linked to bedrock geology. Composite variables derived by R-mode factor analysis are effective in discriminating large-scale lithotectonic divisions, but single-element raw or residual data (corrected for effects of lake depth, Fe, Mn and LOI) provide better resolution of smaller-scale features and major tectonic boundaries.Archean high-grade gneiss regions are typified by high pH and Ni, coupled with depletion of U and F. This signature is developed most strongly over mafic igneous rocks, but is present also over Archean granitoid orthogneisses. Archean crust affected by Proterozoic structural and thermal reworking retains a high Ni signature, but is not depleted in U and F. An Early Proterozoic belt of felsic intrusive and extrusive rocks is defined by enrichment in F, U, Mo, Pb and Zn. Single-element variations suggest large-scale zonation of the belt, with the strongest enrichment over blocks interpreted to represent high crustal levels. Prominent geochemical boundaries coincide with major faults within this belt. High-grade metamorphic terranes comprising Early to Middle Proterozoic crust affected by the 1.0-Ga Grenville Orogeny show low geochemical relief, and are characterized by strong depletion in incompatible elements.In addition to reflecting the dominant rock types in each domain, some of these patterns may be related to the age, erosion level and orogenic history of the crust. For example, the Archean signature may reflect fundamental contrasts in the compositions of Archean and Proterozoic crust, suggested also by lithogeochemical and petrogenetic studies. Geochemical zonation over Early Proterozoic igneous rocks may be a function of crustal level, with the most differentiated granites, volcanic rocks and hydrothermal mineralization present in the uppermost levels of the belt. Depletion of incompatible elements over both Archean and Proterozoic high-grade metamorphic rocks may reflect expulsion of these elements by dehydration and anatexis. 相似文献
12.
福建各时代玄武岩类的化学组分及对其形成环境的探讨 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
福建境内各时代玄武岩类的活动期次从晚太古代至晚第三纪共有９次之多,时间间隔达２０多亿年,各自所属的层位年代均比较明确。利用已掌握的地球化学分析资料,可对各期玄武岩的岩石类型进行划分,并进而探讨其各自源区的上地幔性质、成岩的构造环境及演化。按照玄武岩类地球化学特征所作出的判别,初步认为福建一些地区在晚太古代及中元古代时,一度出现过裂谷化和洋壳化的进程,只是发育均不良。中元古代及早白垩世是壳幔作用最活 相似文献
13.
Münker C 《The Journal of geology》2000,108(2):233-242
The Takaka Terrane in New Zealand is one of the best exposed arc fragments of the early Paleozoic Australian-Antarctic convergent margin and constitutes one of the most outboard terranes of this margin in paleogeographic reconstructions. Pb-Nd isotope compositions of clinopyroxenes from the Cambrian Devil River Volcanics of the Takaka Terrane enable identification of the location of the terrane in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. The Devil River Volcanics, a suite of primitive arc and back-arc rocks, are interbedded with the partly continent-derived Haupiri Group sediments. Extremely radiogenic Pb and unradiogenic Nd compositions in the arc rocks cannot be explained by assimilation of the Haupiri Group sediments or a continental basement of such a composition. Pb isotope compositions of the Takaka Terrane sediments are much less radiogenic and overlap with crustal compositions of the Lachlan Fold Belt in Australia, suggesting that both units are derived from one source, the Australian-Antarctic Pacific margin. Pb-Nd isotope compositions in the Devil River Volcanics reflect contamination of their mantle sources by subducted sediments derived from Archean provinces in either Antarctica or Laurentia. Both provinces show characteristically high 207Pb/204Pb500 and were located at the Pacific rim in the Cambrian. Mixing between mantle and Proterozoic continental material from present western South America or eastern Laurentia cannot explain the high 207Pb/204Pb500 in the New Zealand rocks. As in New Zealand, extreme spreads in Pb-Nd isotope compositions in other Cambrian volcano-sedimentary sequences in southeast Australia and Tasmania can be explained by the same model, suggesting that all these fragments originated along the Australian-Antarctic Gondwana margin. Pb isotope compositions of arc rocks, therefore, provide a new tool for terrane analysis in the early Paleozoic Pacific ocean. 相似文献
14.
Cui Hao Zhou Lian Li Chao Peng Xingfang Jin Chengsheng Shi Wei Zhang Zihu Luo Genming Xie Shucheng 《地球科学进展》2013,28(9):1049-1056
Iron(Fe) is abundant in nature while molybdenum(Mo) is the most abundant transition metal in seawater. Due to their high sensitivity to the redox state of the environment, the isotopic compositions of Fe and Mo as well as variations have been widely used to probe the redox conditions and the evolution of ancient ocean chemistry in favor of improved analytical techniques. Here, we summarized isotopic fractionation mechanisms and natural distribution of both iron and molybdenum isotopes, and further we summarized and partially reinterpreted the redox evolution of ancient oceans through time based on available Fe-Mo data compiled in this study. The process that causes the largest iron isotope fractionation is redox reaction and the iron in oxidation state is generally enriched in 56Fe. Biotic and abiotic pyrite formations also produce a large Fe isotope fractionations. Isotopic fractionation of molybdenum in seawater is mainly caused by the adsorption process of dissolved Mo onto ferromanganese oxides or hydroxides in sediments. Fe-Mn (hydro)oxides tend to adsorb isotopically light molybdenum resulting in the isotopic composition of Mo in seawater heavier. However, the Mo sinks in euxinic settings cause almost no molybdenum isotope fractionation. The Fe Mo isotope isotopic records through geological timegenerally suggest similar ocean redox evolution: Oceans older than 2.3 Ga was mainly dominated by ferruginous condition, and there was a slight increase in oxygen content between 2.6 and 2.5 Ga. Earth’s surface was initially oxidized during 2.3 to 1.8 Ga, during which euxinic deposition of sulfide was elevated. Euxinic waters may have expanded greatly between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga, and after that, Earth’s surface had being gradually oxidized and the euxinic waters shrank substantially.Finally, suggestions are proposed for further work on the Fe-Mo isotope research in the context of ancient ocean chemistry. 相似文献
15.
16.
H. Strauss 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1986,50(12):2653-2662
Carbon and sulfur isotope ratios have been determined for more than 200 samples of Precambrian graphitic and sulfidic metasediments from the Superior and Churchill Provinces of Canada. The sediments were deposited in small sedimentary basins related to various Canadian greenstone belts. The age of the Archean samples is approximately 2.7 Ga., the Proterozoic samples about 1.8 Ga.,
The Archean organic material shows C isotope values between −47 and −15%. vs. PDB. The Proterozoic metasediments show a smaller range, with δ13C between −30 and −17%.,
A few carbonate samples yielded C isotopic compositions between −5.9 and −4.7%.,
Associated iron sulfides have δ34S-values ranging from −6 to +8%., which are consistent with isotopic fractionation effects either by inorganic or bacterial reactions in the sedimentary sulfur cycle.
The great variability of organic C isotopic composition, especially in the late Archean, although affected by extensive postdepositional alteration, might indicate differences in the environmental conditions and/or the organic content of these sedimentary basins. Some extremely 13C-depleted organic carbon values support a global occurrence of environments likely dominated by methanotrophic organisms at the end of the Archean. 相似文献
17.
随着表面热离子质谱(TIMS)和多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)的广泛应用以及同位素分析方法的改进,近10年来非传统稳定同位素(Cu、Zn、Fe、Se、Mo、Cr、Hg等)的研究得到迅速发展.其中,由于Mo同位素的分馏明显受氧化还原条件的控制,使其在指示古环境及古气候的变化方面有独特的地球化学指示意义.同时,Mo同位素在指示成矿物质来源和海洋Mo循环等方面也取得较大成果.因此,Mo同位素地球化学研究已成为国际地学领域的一个前沿和热点.本文综合前人的研究成果,结合近期自己的工作,论述了Mo同位素地球化学研究领域的一些重要进展,详细介绍了Mo同位素的化学分离、提纯和质谱分析技术,并对其应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
18.
Shale and greywacke compositions from the Archean to Phanerozoic record a secular change in the siliciclastic material that comprises much of Earth's continental margins, past and present. This study explores the metamorphic consequence of these compositional changes, by comparing phase equilibrium models constructed for average Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic shale and greywacke compositions equilibrated along two Barrovian-type geotherms: 1330℃/GPa(A) and 800 ℃/GPa(B). Our models show that Archean siliciclastic rocks can retain up to 4 vol.% water at middle to lower crustal conditions, nearly twice that of Proterozoic and Phanerozoic compositions. The increased ferromagnesium content of Archean siliciclastic rocks stabilizes chlorite to higher temperatures and results in a biotite-rich assemblage at solidus temperatures. Accordingly, water-absent biotite dehydration melting is predicted to play a greater role in the generation of melt in the metamorphism of Archean aged units,and water-absent muscovite dehydration melting is of increasing importance through the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. This secular variation in predicted mineral assemblages demonstrates the care with which metamorphic facies diagrams should be applied to Archean compositions. Moreover, secular changes in the composition of shale and greywacke is reflected in the evolution of anatectic melt towards an increasingly less viscous, Ca-rich, and Mg-poor monzogranite. 相似文献
19.
Molybdenum isotope evidence for mild environmental oxygenation before the Great Oxidation Event 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yun Duan Ariel D. Anbar Timothy W. Lyons Brian Kendall 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(23):6655-6668
We use the molybdenum isotope paleoredox proxy to look for evidence of small amounts of O2 in the environment ∼50 Ma before the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in a high resolution profile from the ∼2.5 Ga Mt. McRae Shale. The molybdenum isotope compositions (δ98/95Mo) from samples throughout the sequence span a range from 0.99‰ to 1.86‰. All samples have heavier δ98/95Mo compared to average upper continental crust. In addition, the upper (S1) and lower (S2) black shale units within the Mt. McRae Shale exhibit systematic differences in average isotopic compositions and distinct patterns of δ98/95Mo variation. Heavier δ98/95Mo values occur in the S1 unit, where δ98/95Mo correlates with Mo enrichments. In the S2 unit, δ98/95Mo is not as heavy and is relatively invariant.Based on sedimentary Fe proxies we infer that S1 sediments were deposited under euxinic conditions, so that Mo removal from bottom waters was likely quantitative. Thus, δ98/95Mo in this interval likely records coeval seawater. The lighter δ98/95Mo values in the S2 unit may indicate a less fractionated ocean Mo inventory relative to the S1 unit. However, sedimentary Fe proxies suggest that S2 sediments accumulated under a water column that was ferruginous rather than euxinic, raising the possibility of non-quantitative Mo scavenging and hence an expressed δ98/95Mo fractionation relative to coeval seawater. Because any associated fractionations during this process would have favored the light isotope in sediments, the lighter δ98/95Mo values in the S2 unit represent a lower limit on the value in contemporaneous seawater.After evaluating a range of hypotheses, we conclude that the isotopically heavy δ98/95Mo values seen throughout the Mt. McRae Shale likely reflect the effects of oxidative weathering and adsorption of Mo to oxide mineral surfaces on land or in surface oceans. The extent of environmental oxygenation in either unit is difficult to assess due to uncertainties in the global Mo isotope budget. Because of the small ocean Mo inventory in the Late Archean, documented by low concentrations of Mo and low Mo/TOC, the extent of oxygenation required to account for the observed fractionations is much smaller than in modern oceans. However, when juxtaposed against the record of δ98/95Mo through time, our findings provide further evidence of the onset of environmental oxygenation before the GOE. 相似文献