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寒区和干旱区水文研究的回顾和展望 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
寒区和干旱区水文研究冰川,积雪,冻土,高寒山区和山前地带已初步形成了较完整的观测实验和研究体系,８０年代以来,在冰川融水径流,出山径流形成的观测实验,寒区水文过程,冰川作用流域水文过程和大气过程相互关系。乌鲁木齐地区的水资源问题,气候对水资源的影响,高亚洲冰冻圈水文,冰川洪水和融雪径流以及干旱区水文等方面已取得了多项研究成果,近年来,寒区和干旱区水文水资源的研究在内陆河流域水资源合理开发利用与社会 相似文献
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国内外在水资源系统分析的理论研究和实践间存在差距,外国一些专家认为开发水资源规划和管理决策支持系统是弥合这一差距的有希望的途径.综述国外在80年代对水资源规划和管理决策支持系统的研究和应用概况,简介我国在此领域的研究和应用,并展望其前景. 相似文献
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选择９个典型城市进行城市水资源精测，评价与系统分析工作。通过精测与调查收集城市水资源本纱，并用城市水平衡方法检验。提出了城市水资源系统的特性，分析了城市用水系统的各项定额与指标，基于大系统理论建立了城市水资源系统模拟模型与优化管理模型，发展了城市淡资源评价方法。具有理论和应用价值。 相似文献
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黄河下游自70年代以来,几乎年年出现断流,并且一年比一年严重.这引起了国内外各界人士的关注,中国科学院、中国工程院部分院士的关注更为强烈. 相似文献
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Martin Kralik Franko Humer Johannes Grath Johanna Nurmi-Legat Andrea Hanus-Illnar Stan Halas Monika Jelenc 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):154-155
The impact of air pollution is a substantial European and global problem which has been observed even in the most remote areas of our planet. Not only surface water, but also groundwater resources are partly endangered by dry and wet deposition from the air. Karst and other sensitive aquifers contribute up to 90 % to the total drinking water supply in some European regions. However, they are more vulnerable to contamination than other aquifers due to short transfer times from recharge to source. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to show possibilities to quantify the impact of air pollution on sensitive water resources （e.g. karst）, to develop an innovative surveillance tool based on isotopes and meteorological considerations. Comparisons of lead isotope measurements in precipitation, spring waters, soil profiles and dolomite bedrock in a relatively pristine and remote area at the front-range of the Northern Calcareous Alps in Austria with literature data indicate that radiogenic Australian gasoline-lead still dominates with 60%-80% the composition of the trace lead in the spring waters. In addition to the lead leached from the dolomite bedrock a third source contributes about 5%-10%. This second long distance Pb-contribution may originate from coal burning and/or Ag-Pb-ore smelting in central Europe in the past. The monthly precipitation （May and September 2005） samples show ^18O-rich sulphate ions, whereas the soil sulphates change in the direction to lower ^18O- and higher ^34S values with depth. The spring waters and bedrock dolomites show relatively low delta ^34S values （4‰-9 ‰）. Assuming the precipitation samples and the dolomite bed rocks are end-members the contribution of atmospheric sulphate can estimated to be 20% in the spring waters and between 10% to 45% in the soil samples. The ^87Sr/^86Sr-isotope results in the precipitation （0.7092） support at least a more radiogeradiogenic, far transported source in addition to a possible recycling of local dolomite and limestone （0.7080-0.7083） dust. 相似文献
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三江源地区水资源的涵养和保护 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了三江源区水资源现状,论述了建立水资源三级保护区的意义、作用和划分方案,实施林草植被的保护和恢复的水文生态效益及健全水资源补偿机制的必要性。 相似文献
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近年来黄河下游的频繁断流引起了全中国乃至全世界的广泛关注。本文概述了黄河流域水资源的构成,分布特点,水质污染形势。分析了当前存在的主要问题及其导致水资源供需矛盾和下游频繁断流的原因,并提出了解决矛盾的对策性思考。 相似文献
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近十年来,我国进行了全国和各省、市水资源评价、规划、刊用和对策研究,取得了很大的成绩。然而,在上述工作过程中,在有关技术文件和论著中,不难看出,专家们对水资源的涵义有着各不相同的理解和看法,这在一定程度上影响了水资源研究和实际工作的深入。为此,本刊以笔谈形式,邀请了部份专家就水资源的定义和内涵进行讨论,以期有助于彼此交流和切磋。 相似文献
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ZHU Jun 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(4):352-360
The distribution of nutrients (N, P, Si, C) in the Wujiang River surface water was studied during the high-flow and low-flow periods in 2002. The results showed that nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) is the main form of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the Wujiang River Basin. It accounts for about 90% of DIN. The average NO3-N concentrations in the mainstream are 147.5 μM in the high-flow period and 158.0 μM in the low-flow period, respectively. The average concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) are 6.43 μM in the high-flow period and 4.18 μM in the low-flow period, respectively. Of the various forms of phosphorus, particulate phosphorus (PP) has the highest percentage ( 62.9%) of TP in the high-flow period. In the low-flow period, however, phosphate is the main form of phosphorus, which accounts for 49% of TP. With the Wujiangdu Reservoir as the boundary, the concentrations of DIN and phosphorus in the upper reaches are different from those in the lower reaches of the Wujiang River. As a whole, the concentrations of DIN and phosphorus are both higher in the low-flow period than in the high-flow period. The spatial and temporal variations of DIN and phosphorus concentrations suggested that DIN and phosphorus come from agricultural and domestic wastewaters and groundwaters and that the Wujiangdu Reservoir has an important impact on the concentrations and distribution of DIN and phosphorus in the Wujiang River. The distribution patterns of dissolved silica (DSi) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are similar. Both of them maintain no change in the whole course of the river and their concentrations (with the exception of the reservoir itself) are higher in the high-flow period than in the low-flow period. The average DSi and DOC concentrations in the mainstream are 85.4, 84.6 μM in the high-flow period and 60.8, 53.9 μM in the low-flow period, respectively. The concentrations of nutrients in most of the major tributaries are lower than in the mainstream. This suggested that the contributions of most tributaries are relatively small but importance should be attached to the influence of some individual tributaries such as the Qingshuijiang River and the Weng'an River on the mainstream. 相似文献
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分析了三江源区水资源现状，论述了建立水资源三级保护区的意义、作用和划分方案，实施林草植被的保护和恢复的水文生态效益及健全水资源补偿机制的必要性。 相似文献
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为响应"十一五"规划发展蓝图,积极有效地促进陕西节水型社会的建设步伐,本文客观分析陕西省水资源紧缺形势,阐明建设节水型社会的必要性,从制度、水价、宣传、管理等方面提出了建设节水型社会的步骤和措施. 相似文献
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“黑河流域水资源”和“西北冰雪水资源”与出山径流“专题取得阶段性成果 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
１引言“九五”国家重点科技攻关计划项目“西北地区水资源合理开发利用与生态环境保护研究”设６个课题,总计２０个专题．我所承担其中的两个专题,即“黑河流域水资源合理利用与社会经济和生态环境协调发展研究”（编号９６—９１２—０３—０３,以下简称“黑河流域水... 相似文献
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国外水文和工程地质近年来的发展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究和解决严重的环境问题,一些与水文和工程地质相关的新学科生长点正在形成。制定水资源管理政策和法规的思想已从单独的资源利用转变到环境保护和资源的合理利用上来。涌现出一批调查、评价、预报和处置环境污染及地质灾害的新方法和仪器。 相似文献
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水资源学的基础是水文学。水资源学在发展中不断向水文学提出新的要求,水文学也在加强对水资源学服务中得到新的发展。水资源学和水文学沿着各自的途径前进,并且在发展中相互促进,以求在更高层次上相互依存,共同发展。 相似文献
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在由水库中群组成的供水系统中，更新和发展了遗传算法模型，以便用它来寻求最佳水资源分配方法。在由七个水库组成的系统中，用三个目标函数来检验这个模型的选用性。从这个模型中得到的解用相应的一些性能指示符的特征值来评价，由于目标函数使用的性能指示符不同，所以在比较由三个模型所得到的解是很困难的。此外，在三个例子中多次运行同一模型产生的水库泄量分配，表明了它的实际变化，而且，在相应的 没有反映出这个变化说明 相似文献