共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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在中国东部,北起黑龙江、南到海南岛,广泛地分布着新生代碱性玄武质岩石,例如碱性橄榄玄武岩、碧玄岩、霞石玄武岩等。它们含有丰富的超镁铁岩包体和各种巨晶。已发现的有辉石、角闪石、石榴石、歪长石、钛铁矿和云母等巨晶。Harte(1978)把巨晶定义为大的单矿物单个晶体,它比超镁铁岩团块中的矿物粗得多(2—20cm)。然而有的地质学家把巨晶的粒度下限定在1cm(Eggler 等,1979)。笔者遵循这一定义和采纳后一界线,在此基础上着重对中国东部部分地区的辉石和角闪石巨晶进行研究,研究情况见表1。 相似文献
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浙闽地区中生代与新生代岩浆活动强烈,中生代广泛发育中酸性火山岩为主的火山岩系,晚期伴有玄武质岩浆活动,而新生代则几乎完全转变为玄武质岩浆的喷发。对这一转变的深部原因,因缺乏新生代玄武岩与中生代玄武岩的系统对比,尤其是缺乏对中生代玄武岩的综合研究而一直未获得满意的解释。 1.地质概况浙闽沿海中生代玄武岩主要分布在浙闽奉化亭下、鄞县玄坛地、武义、平阳、文成龙潭山、缙云、永康、天台九里坪、临海石岩头(在流纹岩穹中呈包体)、仙居上井;福建永泰风际、上杭上谷坑、泰宁白牙山等。剖面上玄武岩一般呈夹层存在于火山旋回的下部,上下层位多为厚度不等的砂岩、砾岩或砂砾岩,个别地区酸性火山岩直接覆盖在玄武岩之上,如风际等。玄武岩与上覆和下伏岩 相似文献
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一、中国东部新生代玄武岩研究的进展 中国东部新生代的玄武岩,在本世纪20年代即已为国内及少数外国地质学家注意,有过一些关于地层、构造、岩石、地貌及矿产方面的调查研究报告和专题论文。但是,对新生代玄武岩较全面的认识,还是近年的事。 (一)较全面地认识到新生代玄武岩地区的资源现状和潜力。 相似文献
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本文是1:400万“中国及邻近海域岩石圈动力学图”说明书的节要。它对我国现今活动着或在新生代活动过的地质和地球物理作用过程作了综合概括,重点是板内现象,并从板块构造作用基本过程上对它们加以解释。 中国的岩石圈很不均匀。其动力学涉及8个活动亚板块和有关的17个构造块体的性质、它们的相对运动和构造应力场、以及新构造变形的特征。阐明了我国岩石圈现今运动和变形 相似文献
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宁洱新生代玄武岩主要分布于宁洱县城与通关周围,玄武岩覆盖在下白垩统之上,主要由橄榄玄武岩及橄斑玄武岩组成,具气孔构造,斑状结构,含有较多的斜长石斑晶。宁洱新生代玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,其特征为大离子亲石元素Ba和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Th较为富集,Ti、Al含量较高,Si含量低,轻重稀土元素分异较明显,表现出明显的Eu正异常,δEu平均值为1.34。宁洱玄武岩的地球化学特征显示其来自于陆内裂谷环境,岩浆来自于富集地幔,分离结晶作用较弱且几乎未受到地壳的混染作用。宁洱玄武岩形成于更新世时期,是兰坪—思茅盆地中轴构造活动剧烈导致新生代活动断裂相互错动,活跃岩浆迅速溢出地表的产物。区域内新生代的断裂构造具有裂谷的性质,可能处于裂谷形成的早期阶段。 相似文献
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受断裂带的影响,蓬莱玄武岩集中在蓬莱北部,呈 NE 向至 NNE 向分布。火山活动分为四个阶段: 前寒武纪时近 EW 向基底构造的形成、中生代 NE--NNE 向断裂构造的发育、中生代末期地幔柱强烈上涌和新生代火山活动的末期等 4 个构造阶段。玄武岩喷发主要集中于新生代,以气孔玄武岩、苦橄玢岩和辉橄岩为主。常量元素分析显示,蓬莱玄武岩与世界玄武岩平均成分有差异,表现为低 Al2O3、CaO 和 MnO,高 K2O、MgO 和 Na2O; 与中国玄武岩平均成分相比,Al2O3、K2O 和 Na2O 低, CaO、P2O5和 MgO 高。微量元素分析显示蓬莱玄武岩具有大陆玄武岩典型的右倾稀土元素配分模式,具有中度负铕异常。鲁东地块经历两期地幔交代过程,分别为寒武纪时期和中生代末至新生代时期。 相似文献
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Martin F. J. Flower 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1971,32(2):126-137
Evaluation of available experimental and petrochemical evidence suggests that variations of potassium, titanium and aluminium in basalts can be explained by the melting of titaniferous phlogopite at depths exceeding about 60 km in the upper mantle. For tholeiitic basalts, an inverse covariance is recognised between titanium and aluminium which is probably controlled by the depth of magma segregation. The relative effects of pressure and phlogopite breakdown have been estimated for selected suites of alkali basalt. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(14):1576-1592
Topographic uplifts in the central Sahara occur in the Hoggar-Aïr and Tibesti-Gharyan swells that consist of Precambrian rocks overlain by Cenozoic volcanic rocks. The swells and associated Cenozoic volcanism have been related either to mantle plumes or to asthenospheric upwelling and to partial melting due to rift-related delamination along pre-existing Pan-African mega-shears during the collision between Africa and Europe. The Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Hoggar generally range from Oligocene tholeiitic/transitional plateau basalts, which occur in the centre of the dome, to Neogene alkali basalts characterized by a decrease in their degree of silica undersaturation and an increase in their La/Yb ratios. The alkali basaltic rocks occur mainly along the margins of the dome and typically have less radiogenic Nd and Sr isotopic ratios than the tholeiitic/transitional basalts. The geochemistry of the most primitive basaltic rocks resembles oceanic island basalt (OIB) tholeiitic – in particular high-U/Pb mantle (HIMU)-type – and is also similar to those of the Circum-Mediterranean Anorogenic Cenozoic Igneous (CiMACI) province. These characteristics are consistent with, but do not require, a mantle plume origin. Geophysical data suggest a combination of the two mechanisms resulting in a complex plumbing system consisting of (a) at depths of 250–200 km, an upper mantle plume (presently under the Aïr massif); (b) between 200 and 150 km, approximately 700 km northeastward deflection of plume-derived magma by drag at the base of the African Plate and by mantle convection; (c) at approximately 150 km, the magma continues upwards to the surface in the Tibesti swell; (d) at approximately 100 km depth, part of the magma is diverted into a low S-wave velocity corridor under the Sahara Basin; and (e) at approximately 80 km depth, the corridor is tapped by Cenozoic volcanism in the Hoggar and Aïr massifs that flowed southwards along reactivated Precambrian faults. 相似文献
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大别造山带前陆阳新盆地古近纪玄武岩地球化学特征与成因研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大别造山带前陆阳新盆地古近纪玄武岩的成分从石英拉斑玄武质到橄榄拉斑玄武质,以相对较高的大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Th、U等)丰度和弱到中等亏损高场强元素(Nb和Ta)为特征,岩石地球化学的总体特征类似于初始裂谷的拉斑玄武岩,而与大陆拉斑玄武岩所表现出的强烈亏损高场强元素Nb和Ta的地球化学特征明显不同。该拉斑玄武质岩浆喷发前曾经历过较小程度(约4．5％)的以橄榄石为主的矿物分离结晶,玄武岩的母岩浆则是源区物质经过约15％的部分熔融形成的,源区物质可能包含了来自下地幔的FOZO和富集型大陆岩石圈地幔两种组分。大别造山带内及前、后陆地区古近纪拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征具有可比性,意味着随着大别造山带山根的拆沉,来自下地幔的FOZO岩浆(可能以地幔柱的形式)上涌,对大陆岩石圈的地幔部分发生了大规模的改造,使得原性质明显不同的两大岩石圈地幔在会聚带附近其地球化学分区性变得模糊。所形成的玄武岩总体具有较多的FOZO特征,但(除造山带内部)也不同程度地保留有岩石圈地幔的性质。 相似文献
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吉林省长白山地区新生代火山岩的特点及其成因 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
长白山地区新生代火山岩是一套玄武岩、粗面岩和钠闪碱流岩的双峰式火山岩组合。玄武岩类分别属于碱性玄武岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列。奶头山期玄武岩是幔源原生岩浆直接喷发于地表的产物,其他各期玄武岩是幔源原生岩浆经历了一定程度分异作用的产物。粗面岩和钠闪碱流岩与玄武岩有成因联系,可能是玄武岩浆通过分离结晶作用而形成的。本区新生代火山岩是大陆裂谷构造环境下的产物,是在地幔增温和底辞上升过程中形成的。 相似文献
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Li Zhaolin Qiu Zhili Qin Shecai Pang Xuebin Liang Dehua Teng Yunye Li Yang 《中国地球化学学报》1994,13(2):107-117
Volcanic rocks in seamounts of the South China Sea consist mainly of alkali basalt, tholeiitic basalt, trachyandesitic pumice,
dacite, etc. Inclusions in the minerals of the volcanic rocks are mainly amorphous melt inclusions, which reflects that the
volcanic rocks are characterized by submarine eruption and rapid cooling on the seafloor. Furthermore, fluid-melt inclusions
have been discovered for the first time in alkali basalts and mantle-derived xenoliths. indicating a process of differentiation
between magma and fluid in the course of mantle partial melting. Alkali basalts and inclusions may have been formed in this
nonhomogeneous system.
Rock-forming temperatures of four seamounts were estimated as follows: the Zhongnan seamount alkali basalt 1155 ∼ 1185 °C;
the Xianbei seamount alkali basalt 960 ∼ 1200 °C; tholeiitic basalt 1040 ∼ 1230 °C; the Daimao seamount tholeiitic basalt
1245 ∼ 1280 °C; and the Jianfeng seamount trachyandestic pumice 880 ∼ 1140 °C. Equilibrium pressures of alkali basalts in
the Zhongnan and Xianbei seamounts are 13.57 and 8.8 × 108 Pa, respectively. Pyroxene equilibrium temperatures of mantle xenoliths from the Xianbei seamount were estimated at 1073
∼ 1121 °C, and pressures at (15.58 ∼ 22.47)×108Pa, suggesting a deep-source (e.g. the asthenosphere) for the alkali basalts.
This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey. 相似文献
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塔里木西北缘阿克苏地区大陆拉斑玄武岩对新元古代裂解事件的制约 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
塔里木西北缘新元古界苏盖特布拉克组不整合覆盖在前寒武纪阿克苏群蓝片岩及侵入其中的基性岩墙之上,苏盖特布拉克组底部发育两层玄武岩夹层,其形成时代和成因背景对认识塔里木板块前寒武纪构造演化及有关的超大陆循环和地球动力学过程具有重要意义。本文对这两层玄武岩进行了全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果显示,玄武岩均属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列,微量元素地球化学特性与典型的大陆溢流玄武岩非常相似,其岩浆来源于富集地幔,并遭受了一定程度的地壳混染作用。玄武岩中锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分布在1945~755Ma,这些锆石均属于玄武岩浆上升过程中从地壳岩石捕获的继承锆石,记录了塔里木北缘元古代期间多期变质和岩浆事件。这一年龄范围表明,玄武岩形成的时代应晚于755Ma。本文的研究结果表明,阿克苏大陆拉斑玄武岩形成于板内裂谷环境,可能与新元古代Rodinia超大陆之下的地幔柱活动有关,是塔里木板块从Rodinia超大陆裂解出来的直接证据。 相似文献
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Four volcanoes form Terceira, one of the islands of the Azores group; three contain both basaltic and peralkaline and one only peralkaline rocks. A recently active basaltic fissure zone trends NW-SE across the island.The rocks fall into the alkaline olivine basalt suite although some young basalts are of transitional affinity. The geochemistry shows two general basaltic series: 1) undersaturated, found in lavas of the oldest volcano and in some recent fissure zone basalts and hawaiites; 2) saturated, found in the younger basaltic lavas.Since the emergence of Terceira there has been a contemporaneity of basalt and salic peralkaline lavas. The younger rocks show a bimodal composition distribution, the most voluminous compositions being alkali olivine basalt and comendite with negligible volume in the benmoreite-trachyte range. Two processes appear viable for the derivation of voluminous oversaturated peralkaline rocks: 1) partial melting of upper mantle material giving small magma batches of contrasting composition or 2) fractionation from a transitional basaltic parental magma.Now at Department of Geology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):435-451
Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in southeastern China was related to the lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling at the eastern Eurasian continental margin. The cenozoic basaltic rocks from this region can be grouped into three different series: tholeiitic basalts, alkali basalts, and picritic-nephelinitic basalts. Each basalt series has distinctive geochemical features and is not derived from a common source rock by different degrees of partial melting or from a common parental magma by fractional crystallization. The mineralogy, petrography, and major and trace-element geochemistry of the tholeiites are similar to oceanic island basalts, implying that the mantle source for these Chinese continental tholeiites was similar to that of the oceanic island basalts—an asthenospheric mantle. The alkali basalts and picritic-nephelinitic basalts are enriched in incompatible trace elements, and their geochemical features can be interpreted as a result of partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle, or the mixing products of an asthenospheric magma with a component derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle through thermal erosion at the base of the lithosphere. But the lack of a transitional rock type and continuous variational trends among these basalts suggests that the mixing between asthenospheric magmas and lithospheric magmas probably was not significant in the petrogenesis of the basalts from SE China. Low-degree partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle alone can account for the observed geochemical data from these basalts. 相似文献
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Rare-earth element (REE) abundances and major chemical compositionsof six late Palaeozoic geosynclinal basalts at Nakaoku, theKii peninsula, southwest Japan are discussed from the generalviewpoint of geosynclinal basalt magma. The REE patterns ofbasalt samples are smoothly and progressively enriched relativeto Leedey chondrite. The lighter REE are considerably fractionated,whereas concentrations of heaviest REE remain approximatelyconstant. Each fractionation pattern probably corresponds toresidual liquid at different stages during the solidificationof magma in depth. The partition coefficients of REE betweenmagma (i.e. liquid) and crystallizing solid can be calculated,assuming that the partition coefficient of Lu is nearly unity,because the Lu contents show little change among samples. Byusing the REE contents and partition coefficients, solidifiedpercentages for various stages of the magmatic process werecalculated; the percentage shows a good correlation with thesolidification index calculated from major chemical compositions.Some major compositions are also correlative with the solidifiedpercentage calculated from REE data. The Nakaoku basalts when plotted on a silica-alkali diagramshow a change of type from tholeiitic to alkali basalt duringthe solidifying process in depth. These petrochemical aspectsof the Nakaoku basaltic body are compatible with the resultsof experimental melting study at moderate pressures of about10 kb carried out by Green & Ringwood (1967). The spatialcoexistence of tholeiitic and alkali basalt in the Japaneselate Palaeozoic geosyncline found by Sugisaki & Tanaka (1971b)and disclosed here in the Nakaoku basalts, is not uncommon phenomenon. 相似文献