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1.
铂族元素的地球化学行为及全球主要铂族金属矿床类型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全球铂族金属矿床主要有6种类型,分别为：（1）镁铁质-超镁铁质层状岩体铂族金属矿床;（2）镁铁质-超镁铁质Cu-Ni硫化物矿床伴生的铂族金属矿床;（3）Urals杂岩体型铂族金属矿床;（4）蛇绿岩型铂族金属矿床;（5）与热液相关的铂族金属矿床;(6）外生型铂族金属矿床。除第4类型外其他类型的铂族矿床都具有经济意义。铂族金属矿床的形成主要与幔源岩浆性质及岩浆演化过程密切相关。大规模的幔源岩浆活动及在岩浆演化过程中具有产生硫饱和的条件是形成铂族金属矿床的有利条件,同时岩浆期后的热液作用能使铂族元素迁移并在特定条件下富集,对铂族金属矿床的形成有利。镁铁质-超镁铁质层状侵入体形成铂族金属矿床的有利条件是岩浆分异作用强,并且具有能产生高R因子的环境;镁铁质-超镁铁质Cu-Ni硫化物矿床中形成铂族金属矿床的有利条件是硫化物熔体的结晶分异作用;Urals型杂岩体中,由于岩浆在早期演化过程中硫的不饱和,形成的主要铂族矿物为Pt-Fe、Pt-Ir合金,且主要与铬铁矿共生,在岩浆演化硫饱和阶段可形成富Pd的铂族矿物,且与Cu-Fe-V-Ti-P金属共生;蛇绿岩型杂岩体中,主要形成的铂族矿物为含Ir- 、Os- 、Pt- 的合金或少量硫化物矿物,且主要赋存于铬铁矿中。 相似文献
2.
On the basis of a representative collection of ultramafic rocks and chromite ores and a series of technological samples from the largest (Central and Western) deposits in the Rai-Iz massif of the Polar Urals and the Almaz-Zhemchuzhina and Poiskovy deposits in the Kempirsai massif of the southern Urals, the distribution and speciation of platinum-group elements (PGE) in various type sections of mafic-ultramafic massifs of the Main ophiolite belt of the Urals have been studied. Spectral-chemical and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out to estimate PGE in 700 samples of ultramafic rocks and chromite ores; 400 analyses of minerals from rocks, ores, and concentrates and 100 analyses of PGE minerals (PGM) in chromite ores and concentrates were performed using an electron microprobe. Near-chondritic and nonchondritic PGE patterns in chromitebearing sections have been identified. PGE mineralization has been established to occur in chromite ore from all parts of the mafic-ultramafic massifs in the Main ophiolite belt of the Urals. The PGE deposits and occurrences discovered therein are attributed to four types (Kraka, Kempirsai, Nurali-Upper Neiva, and Shandasha), which are different in mode of geological occurrence, geochemical specialization, and placer-forming capability. Fluid-bearing minerals of the pargasite-edenite series have been identified for the first time in the matrix of chromite ore of the Kempirsai massif (the Almaz-Zhemchuzhina deposit) and Voikar-Syn’ya massif (the Kershor deposit). The PGE grade in various types of chromite ore ranges from 0.1–0.2 to 1–2 g/t or higher. According to technological sampling, the average PGE grade in the largest deposits of the southeastern ore field of the Kempirsai massif is 0.5–0.7 g/t. Due to the occurrence of most PGE as PGM 10–100 mm in size and the proved feasibility of their recovery into nickel alloys, chromites of the Kempirsai massif can be considered a complex ore with elevated and locally high Os, Ir, and Ru contents. The Nurali-Upper Neiva type of ore is characterized by small-sized primary deposits, which nevertheless are the main source of large Os-Ir placers in the Miass and Nev’yansk districts of the southern and central Urals, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Late Mesozoic PGE, Au and U mineralization in the Precambrian Aldan Shield constitutes important ore deposits on the southern margin of the Siberian Craton. Here we provide an overview of the salient characteristics of these ore deposits and evaluate their regional geodynamic setting. Geological, geophysical, and geochronological data on the distribution and timing of the ultramafic and alkaline magmatism in the Aldan Shield and the associated Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous PGE, Au, and U mineralization correlate with the convergence in the Asia-Pacific zone during the Late Mesozoic. The multistage magmatism and ore formation can be traced along the perimeter of the subducted slab now stagnant at the mantle transition zone, the flanks of which coincide with paleo-transform faults. Slab dehydration is considered to have transferred source metals through plume conduits resulting in the formation of productive ore-magmatic systems. 相似文献
4.
G.V. Polyakov N.D. Tolstykh A.S. Mekhonoshin A.E. Izokh M.Yu. Podlipskii D.A. Orsoev T.B. Kolotilina 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2013,54(11):1319-1331
Based on new data on the age, mineralogy, and geochemistry of ultramafic–mafic complexes in the Precambrian structures of the southern periphery of the Siberian Platform, the East Siberian metallogenic (PGE–Cu–Ni) province is recognized. It includes the Yenisei Ridge, Precambrian Kan uplift, Alkhadyr terrane with the adjacent structures of the Biryusa block, and northern Baikal region (Yoko-Dovyren and other massifs of the Baikal–Patom basin). We have established that the U–Pb and Ar–Ar ages of ore-bearing complexes of dunite–peridotite– pyroxenite–gabbro association correspond to the Late Riphean (728–710 Ma). The mineralogical and geochemical similarity of ore-bearing complexes in different areas testifies to their genetic entity. All parental melts were similar in composition to picrites. The calculation results and the PGE enrichment of rocks and ores show high degrees of melting of the mantle source, which agrees with the plume model of formation of the ore-magmatic system. The recognized province is similar in the type of magmatism and time of its occurrence to the Franklin LIP in northern Canada. It is one of the highly promising ore districts of East Siberia. 相似文献
5.
Zaykov V. V. Kotliarov V. A. Zaykova E. V. Blinov I. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,476(2):1212-1216
Microinclusions of ore minerals were found and studied in grains of native gold for characterization of the mineralogy of placer gold of the South Urals. One hundred ten unrounded and poorly rounded grains with a size of 1–2 mm from eight placer zones were studied. Microinclusions of ore minerals were detected in six placers of the Miass zone. The list of minerals includes sulfides, arsenides, Cu-bearing Au, and PGEs. All microinclusions show links to certain deposits of ore gold and chromite occurrences. It is suggested that the northern flanges of the Talovsky and Nurali massifs containing gold placers with PGEs require a search for PGE mineralization.
相似文献6.
中国镍矿成矿规律初探 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
我国镍矿可分为岩浆型、海相沉积型和风化壳型3种预测类型.矿床形成时代较为连续,最早形成于中—新元古代,最晚形成于新生代,其中中—新元古代和晚古生代是形成矿床的两个高峰期;中—新元古代矿床主要分布在华北地块和扬子地块周缘,晚古生代镍矿主要分布在中亚造山带、峨眉山和塔里木大火成岩省范围内.岩浆型镍矿主要形成于大陆边缘裂解、造山带后碰撞伸展以及地幔柱3种构造背景,根据不同构造背景并结合主要岩浆作用特点,将与幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿系列类型划分出与大陆裂解边缘幔源基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与地幔柱基性—超基性岩浆作用有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带俯冲作用下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型、与造山带后碰撞伸展背景下幔源基性—超基性岩有关的镍-铜-钴-铂族元素矿床成矿亚类型等4种亚类型.分别对中—新元古代与大陆边缘裂解有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、寒武纪与黑色页岩有关的海相沉积型镍钼钒矿床、早二叠世与造山带伸展背景有关的镍铜矿床、晚二叠世与大火成岩省有关的镍铜(铂)矿床、新生代与风化壳有关的镍金矿床及其对应的典型矿床特征和成矿模式进行了叙述;认为大陆裂解边缘、地幔柱、造山带后碰撞伸展是我国镍矿形成的有利成矿地质背景,与邻近深大断裂、镁铁—超镁铁岩体、高MgO的原生岩浆(高镁玄武质岩浆)、深部岩浆作用、硫饱和与硫化物熔离共同组成岩浆型镍矿的6个重要地质条件. 相似文献
7.
与地幔柱有关的成矿作用及其主控因素 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
地幔柱是地球动力系统中重要的组成部分,不仅形成规模巨大的大火成岩省,也形成了众多具有重要经济价值的矿床类型。由地幔柱形成不同的岩浆系列显示了特有的成矿专属性,如镁铁-超镁铁质层状岩体与钒钛磁铁矿矿床和铜镍硫化物矿床,科马提岩与铜镍硫化物矿床,斜长岩与钒钛磁铁矿矿床,过碱性花岗岩系列与铌-钽-锆-稀土矿床,金伯利岩与金刚石矿等。在分析与地幔柱相关矿床的基础上,我们认为地幔柱结构、岩浆源区特征、结晶分异过程、硫化物饱和、地壳混染和岩浆侵位过程等是地幔柱成矿的关键控制因素。本文还对矿床成因研究中的存在问题以及几种潜在的地球化学找矿/评价指标(如橄榄石的Ni含量、单斜辉石和磁铁矿中的Cr含量,层状岩体的PGE 含量和Re-Os同位素联合示踪等)进行了评述。 相似文献
8.
The nickel deposits mainly distributed in 19 provinces and autonomous regions in China are 339 ore deposits/occurrences, including 4 super large-scale deposits, 14 large-scale deposits, 26 middle-scale deposits, 75 small-scale deposits, and 220 mineralized occurrences. The prediction types of mineral resources of nickel deposits are magmatic type, marine sedimentary type and regolith type. The formation age is from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic with two peaks in the Neoproterozoic and the late Paleozoic. The nickel deposits formed in the Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block, and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Emeishan and the Tarim Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). Magmatic nickel deposits are mainly related with broken-up continental margin, post-collision extension of the orogenic belt and mantle plume. According to different tectonic backgrounds and main characteristics of magmatism, the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series types of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks can be divided into 4 subtypes: (1) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the broken-up continental margin, (2) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in mantle plume magmatism, (3) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the subduction of the orogenic belt, and (4) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in post-collision extension of the orogenic belt. We have discussed in this paper the typical characteristics and metallogenic models for Neoproterozoic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with broken-up continental margin, Cambrian marine sedimentary Ni-Mo-V deposits related with black shale, early Permian Ni-Cu deposits related with post-collision extension of the orogenic belt, late Permian Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), and Cenozoic Ni-Au deposits related with regolith. The broken-up continental margin, mantle plume and post-collision extension of the orogenic belt are important ore-forming geological backgrounds, and the discordogenic fault, mafic-ultramafic intrusion, high MgO primitive magma (high-MgO basaltic magma), deep magmatism, sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation are 6 important geological conditions for the magmatic nickel deposits. 相似文献
9.
Typomorphic features of placer gold in the eastern Siberian Platform were studied to determine its genesis. It was established
that this region contains abundant alluvial bar placers, which were formed mainly by the erosion of gold reservoirs of different
ages. Discovery of gold with the points of eolian reworking in the Quaternary sediments allows us to predict the eolian gold
placers in individual areas of the northeastern and central parts of the eastern Siberian Platform. Identification of two
types of gold on the basis of typomorphic features in the Cenozoic deposits indicates that placer gold was mainly derived
from the Precambrian sources spatially confined to the exposure of ancient basement, as well as from local ore occurrences
related to the Mesozoic tectonomagmatic activation. Thus, two main stages of ore formation (Precambrian and Mesozoic), were
substantiated for the first time in the eastern Siberian Platform. 相似文献
10.
菲律宾迪纳加特岛汇洋镍铬矿区发育板块碰撞成因的蛇绿岩,主要岩性为纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩,与铬铁矿化关系密切,在纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩的过渡带中铬铁矿化较为集中,铬铁矿多呈薄层块状或浸染状与围岩岩性条带呈"互层状"产出,块状、浸染状的铬铁矿重复出现;矿区内原生铬铁矿化非常普遍,虽然未构成原生铬铁矿体,但为次生红土型铬铁矿的成矿提供了丰富的物质来源。矿区内第四系中赋存有残坡积红土型铬铁砂矿,并与同类型镍矿共生;铁质红土层是最佳的含矿层位,松散状红土层次之;铬铁矿体呈层状、似层状,有3个铬铁砂矿化区,矿体厚度5~7m,铬铁矿品位w(Cr2O3)=2.0%~4.1%。 相似文献
11.
Platinum-group minerals (PGM) in primary ores and placers are compared in order to substantiate prospecting guides for layered
and differentiated intrusions containing sulfide Cu-Ni ores with platinum-group elements (PGE). It is shown that supergene
placer mineral assemblages bear information on primary sources and their probable economic value. The mineralogical and geochemical
data on the large Siberian intrusions that host Cu-Ni and low-sulfide PGM deposits (Noril’sk 1, Kingash, Chinei, and Yoko-Dovyren)
are used to elaborate mineralogical prospecting guides based on the comparative study of PGM assemblages in primary ore, heavy
concentrate halos, and hillside sediments. The mechanism of PGM redistribution under supergene conditions is exemplified in
the Chinei deposit. The placer mineral assemblage with prevalence of Pt-Fe alloys, atokite-rustenburgite, sperrylite, and
multicomponent Pd-Sn-Cu-Pb compounds can be used as a prospecting guide for Noril’sk-type primary PGM ore and related economic
placers. The paolovite-sperrylite or sperrylite PGM assemblage in heavy concentrate halos indicates occurrence of Cu-Ni ore
in the prospecting area. Sperrylite with isomorphic admixture of Ir and Os typical of the Kingash pluton could be a orospecting
guide for Ni-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions. 相似文献
12.
Data obtained on melt inclusions in Cr-spinel suggest a magmatic genesis of dunite in the Konder and Inagly placer-forming
platiniferous massifs in the southeastern Siberian Platform. These data make it possible to evaluate the physicochemical parameters
of the magmatic processes that produced these concentrically zoned alkaline-ultrabasic complexes. The comparative analysis
of the composition of the Cr-spinel with inclusions highlights remarkable differences between this mineral in the Konder and
Inagli massifs, on the one hand, and in ultramafic rocks in ophiolites and the modern oceanic crust, on the other. Minute
clinopyroxene crystals included in Cr-spinel from the Konder Massif have a composition and configurations of their REE patterns
contrastingly different from those of clinopyroxene in basite-hyperbasite complexes of ophiolite associations but are close
to those of clinopyroxene in the Kytlym and Nizhnii Tagil platiniferous massifs in the Urals. The composition of the quenched
melt inclusions suggests that the chromite crystallized predominantly from picrite alkaline magmas. The concentrations of
most elements in the high-Mg inclusions are close to those in biotite-pyroxene alkaline picrites, a fact testifying to the
significant contribution of ultrabasic (picrite) alkaline magmatic systems to the origin of the Konder and Inagli massifs.
Ion-probe analyses of the inclusions suggest that the melts were rich in water (up to 0.6 wt %). Data on the distribution
of REE and other trace elements in the inclusions provide evidence of the influence of a deep plume. Our simulations with
the use of the composition of the melt inclusions suggest that dunite in the Konder and Inagli massifs were produced mainly
by water-bearing magmas at temperatures of 1460–1300°C. As the melts evolved to less magnesian ones, olivine continued to
crystallize from them until the temperature decreased to 1230°C. 相似文献
13.
The Nizhny Tagil and Guli clinopyroxenite-dunite massifs, located in the Middle Urals and Maimecha-Kotui Province, respectively,
are associated with world-class platinum-group elements (PGE) placer deposits. Both massifs contain small bodies of schlieren
to massive chromitite associated with dunite. The predominance of Pt-Fe alloys at Nizhny Tagil is consistnt with the whole-rock
“M”-shaped mantle-normalized PGE pattern of the chromitite. In contrast, the preponderance of laurite and Os-Ir alloys at
Guli is consistent with a negatively sloped PGE pattern, the latter being characteristic of ophiolite-type podiform chromitites.
The ‘unradiogenic’ 187Os/188Os values obtained for both platinum-group minerals (PGM) and chromitite are indicative of a common near-to-chondritic source
for the PGE and implies that the osmium isotope budget of chromitite is largely controlled by laurite and Os-rich alloy. Average
model 187Os/188Os ages calculated for the Nizhny Tagil and Guli massifs correspond to the late Riphean (e.g., 862 ± 48 Ma and 616 ± 8 Ma,
respectively). The compositional and isotope-geochemical results provide new constraints on the temporal evolution of ultramafic
rocks of the Uralian Platinum Belt and northern segment of the Siberian Platform. 相似文献
14.
Z. S. Nikiforova B. B. Gerasimov E. G. Glushkova A. G. Kazhenkina 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2013,55(4):265-277
The data on typomorphism of placer gold and its localization in the eastern Siberian Platform have been integrated for the first time. The alluvial, pseudolode, and eolian morphology of gold determines the origin of placers, which is explained not only by hydrodynamic but also by eolian processes. The recent and older alluvial (Au-bearing reservoir rocks in the second case), as well as eolian (unconventional type), genetic types of placers are recognized in the given territory. Precambrian and Mesozoic stages of ore formation are distinguished by the set of typomorphic attributes of placer gold (chemical composition, microinclusions, internal structure, etc.). On the basis of distinguishing features of placer gold, Precambrian lode deposits of great depth spatially related to outcrops of the basement have been forecasted for the first time and classified into low-sulfide gold-quartz, Au-bearing banded iron formation, Au-Cu porphyry, and Au-PGE types. The inferred shallow-seated gold-silver and gold-sulfide-quartz disseminated deposits occur locally and are related to the Mesozoic tectonomagmatic reactivation. The elaborated methods and approaches to the study of placer gold typomorphism in the eastern Siberian Platform also could be helpful in providing insights into placer origin, and forecasting and prospecting gold deposits on the East European Platform, which is close to the Siberian Platform in geological evolution. 相似文献
15.
镁铁- 超镁铁岩是揭示地幔物质组成和壳幔相互作用的重要窗口，也是Ni- Cu- PGE- Cr等金属矿产资源的重要载体。不同的镁铁- 超镁铁岩体赋矿特征明显不同：蛇绿岩以产出铬铁矿床为特征，阿拉斯加型岩体主要赋含铂族元素(PGE)矿床，大型层状岩体则可同时产出铬铁矿床、PGE矿床和Cu- Ni硫化物矿床。这种成矿差异显然与赋矿岩体形成的构造背景、母岩浆经历的岩浆演化过程有关，但缺少关键控制因素的研究。前人对上述不同种类矿床的研究工作主要集中于地幔源区的部分熔融、上升过程中或岩浆房内的围岩混染和结晶分异等岩浆过程，而极少关注流体作用。近年来，实验岩石学和岩石地球化学的研究均表明幔源岩浆演化过程中的流体活动可能对成矿元素的富集迁移起到至关重要的作用，同时这些成矿元素的赋存状态和分配系数也在不断更新。厘清Cr和PGE在熔体演化——尤其是流体出溶过程中的地球化学行为，刻画并揭示其迁移富集、分离和再富集的成矿过程及控制因素，已成为当前岩浆矿床研究的热点。本文围绕富水流体与铬铁矿和PGE成矿关系的科学问题，总结了不同镁铁- 超镁铁岩体的成矿差异以及铬铁矿和PGE矿床成矿过程中的流体活动记录，提出流体性质和组分对铬铁矿和PGE迁移富集的控制作用，强调有必要开展蛇绿岩、大型层状镁铁- 超镁铁岩体和阿拉斯加型岩体的对比研究。 相似文献
16.
17.
F. P. Mitrofanov T. B. Bayanova A. U. Korchagin N. Yu. Groshev K. N. Malitch D. V. Zhirov A. F. Mitrofanov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2013,55(5):305-319
This paper compares the geological, geophysical, and isotopic geochemical data on the Paleoproterozoic East Scandinavian Pd-Pt province in the Baltic Shield and the Late Paleozoic Noril’sk Pd-Pt province in the Siberian Craton. Both provinces contain large magmatic PGE deposits: low-sulfide in the Baltic Shield and high-sulfide in the Siberian Craton. Multidisciplinary evidence shows that the East Scandinavian mafic large igneous province, which has a plume nature, is intracratonic and was not subjected to the crucial effect of subduction-related and other contamination processes, whereas the Noril’sk province is pericratonic with substantial crustal contamination of the intrusive processes. Low-sulfide Pd-Pt deposits dominate in the East Scandinavian province, while high-sulfide Ni-Cu-PGE deposits play the leading role in the Noril’sk province. The U-Pb, Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr isotopic data indicate multistage and long-term (tens of millions of years) geological history of mafic large igneous provinces. The plume magmatism with specific geochemistry and metallogeny is probably related to lower mantle sources. 相似文献
18.
国内外太古宇中金矿床的地质及地球化学特征对比兼成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
产于太古宇中的金矿床在国内外都属主要金矿类型，虽然有成矿物质都来自含镁铁－超镁铁火山岩的太古宇，但成矿环境在国内外却有重大差异。国外矿床产在地盾上，围岩变质浅，延深大，无垂直分带，金矿物成色高，矿石Ａｕ／Ａｇ值大，放射性成因铅同位素低，成矿压力大，盐度低，成矿时代老（太古宙）。而国内矿床产在活化地台上，围岩变质深，有的有垂直分带性，金矿物成色较低，矿石Ａｕ／Ａｇ值小，放射性成因铅同位素高，成矿压力 相似文献
19.
中国西部探明了一系列与新元古代以来幔源岩浆有关的镍铜铂族元素(platinum group elements, PGE)岩浆矿床,华北克拉通新元古代金川镍铜铂族硫化物矿床、峨眉山二叠纪大火成岩省金宝山铂族元素矿床等记录了不同构造环境幔源岩浆PGE超常富集成矿过程。亲铁性的铂族元素高度富集于地核,深部地幔起源、高程度部分熔融形成的镁铁质岩浆中PGE含量较高,地幔岩浆系统不同条件下铂族元素以纳米态元素簇、合金、硫化物熔体或超临界流体运移-聚集成矿,在阶段性岩浆房多阶段、多途径富集,成矿作用类型丰富。华北-华南克拉通岩石圈地幔PGE含量均略高于原始地幔值;华北克拉通岩石圈地幔PGE含量从古生代到中新生代略有降低,表明存在PGE抽取岩浆事件。中国西部新元古代以来的幔源岩浆源区PGE不亏损、岩浆活动时间长、岩浆-硫化物相互作用PGE多阶段富集及地幔柱岩浆动力学背景是PGE超常富集成矿的有利地质条件,其控制因素及动力学背景的认识对查明PGE成矿潜力和拓展资源储量具有重要意义。 相似文献
20.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(2):120-143
The Phanerozoic within-plate magmatism and the related deposits of Siberia are reviewed. The formation of post-perovskite at about 2.5 Ga in the Earth’s interior and the isotope characteristics of within-plate igneous rocks have shown that plate tectonics and deep geodynamics started to operate at about 2–2.5 Ga. The assembly and breakup of supercontinents under the effect of the superplumes formed in layer D″ is considered. Thus, the supercontinent–superplume cycles spanning about 700 Ma are recognized in the Earth’s history.The manifestations of the within-plate magmatic activity are found throughout the whole Phanerozoic. It was demonstrated earlier that between 570 and 160 Ma, the Siberian continent drifted within the African hot mantle field or large low shear velocity province (LLSVP). At least four plumes, excluding the superplume leading to the breakup of Rodinia at 750 Ma, interacted with the Siberian continent. The superplume leading to the breakup of Rodinia was also responsible for the origin of ultramafic intrusions with carbonatites hosting rare-metal (Nb, Ta, REE) mineralization as well as ultramafic–mafic intrusions with Cu–Ni–Pt mineralization localized along the rift zones.The plumes originated in other Phanerozoic cycles formed most likely at the lower-upper mantle boundary, where most of the stagnant slabs is accumulated. Those plumes were responsible for the origin of within-plate igneous rocks. The granitic batholiths formed in the centers of zonal area surrounded by rift zones containing abundant rare-metal intrusions with rare-metal mineralization. Gold, tin, base metal, and porphyry copper deposits are also related to these zonal area.The studies have shown that the formation of folded zones and related deposits which surround these zones as well as the structures of cratons and their metallogenic specialization should be considered in terms of both plate tectonics and plume tectonics. 相似文献