共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 94 毫秒
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地下水化学特征是影响和控制核素迁移的重要水文地质因素,因为核素在迁移的过程中,与地下水、岩石之间不断发生各种物理和化学作用,如吸附、溶解、沉淀等.发生在核素、地下水、岩石间的物理和化学反应,可以起到阻滞或减缓核素在地下迁移的效果,也可能起到促进核素迁移的作用.核素、地下水、岩石间相互作用方式及其对核素迁移的影响,一方面取决于围岩的地球化学特征,另一方面取决于地下水的化学性质.因此,在高放废物场址选择和评价中,必须研究地下水的化学特征. 相似文献
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某花岗岩型铀矿床中铀天然衰变系长寿命核素和类比微量元素，自该矿床５１Ｍａ前生成以来，未向周围花岗岩中发生远距迁移，铀矿体及近矿岩石至今仍处于化学封闭状态。矿石、岩石裂隙处局部出现有核素、元素迁移和沉淀，因裂隙细小且大多充填有粘土矿物等，迁移距离不足２５－３０ｍ，且仅发生在距今１０＾４－１０＾６ａ及至今时距内。 相似文献
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探讨了孔隙与单裂隙双重介质中的一类核素迁移数学模型及其反演问题。该核素迁移模型是一个耦合的抛物型方程组定解问题。若已知排污点的核素浓度变化规律,利用Laplace变换及其逆变换方法,求得了核素迁移模型正问题的解析解;反之,由下游裂隙中某个点的实测核素浓度,利用偏微分方程的叠加原理和反问题的拟解法,反求出核素迁移模型反问题的解,即排污点的核素状态。最后,给出核素迁移模型的正问题和反问题的数值模拟。数值结果表明,正问题的解析解能够刻画核素的迁移规律,也显示出所提反问题方法能有效地反演核素污染源。 相似文献
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核素在裂隙介质中的迁移问题是核废物深地质处置中极为关注的问题。为了解裂隙介质中核素的迁移规律,建立了基于双重介质理论的描述核素在裂隙域和基质域中迁移的基本微分方程,利用拉普拉斯变换推导出其解析解;在对西北某核废物处置场预选区地水文地质条件分析的基础上,获取相关参数,利用一维多途径核素迁移模型,选取国内在花岗岩中研究较多的核素Cs-134、Co-57、Tc-99,模拟这几种核素的相对浓度随模拟时间、迁移距离的变化规律。模拟结果表明：在其他条件都相同的情况下,Cs-134的迁移是最快的,而Tc-99迁移是最慢的。 相似文献
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两种不同时代、相互接触的花岗岩,由于其化学成分上的差异以及后期水—岩反应,在漫长的地质历史时期内必然导致其中元素、天然放射性核素的迁移,这种迁移行为可类比为高放废物深地质处置库中放射性废物的近场迁移行为。广西资源县境内的某处印支期花岗岩(全岩Rb-Sr年龄214±3 Ma)和海西期花岗岩(锆石U-Pb年龄196±31 Ma)接触带,根据全岩化学成分、O、Pb同位素待征和铀系核素的~(234)U/~(238)U,~(234)U/~(230)Th,~(230)Th/~(238)U,~(226)Ra/~(230)Th等核素活度比值,其两侧花岗岩在其演化过程中成为一个相对开放的比学体系,但由于其附近没有明显的开放性断裂,其中常量元素、微量元素及天然铀系核素在接触带中的迁移距离仅约1～2m,接触面薄弱带中发生的水-岩反应仅使化学组分迁移约30 cm。花岗岩裂隙是流 相似文献
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高放废物地质处置过程中涉及的核素在围岩裂隙地下水中的迁移问题已引起广泛关注,数值模拟是研究核素粒子运移的重要方法。目前裂隙介质中渗流模型主要是等效连续介质模型、双重介质模型和离散裂隙网络模型。对于岩体尺度裂隙地下水的流动,离散裂隙网络模型能充分表现裂隙介质的各向异性、不连续性等特征。因此,针对裂隙介质准确概化及核素迁移模拟等难点,文章结合Monte Carlo随机生成裂隙方法、裂隙渗流有限元算法和高放射性核素衰变方程等方法,依据花岗岩深钻孔裂隙统计数据,采用离散裂隙网络模型对内蒙古阿拉善高放废物地质处置预选区展开了核素粒子迁移数值模拟研究,并讨论了实例预测分析结果。结果显示:针对设定的地质模型,核素粒子从中心运移到边界的迁移路径长度平均为1293.35 m,粒子运移到边界耗费的时间平均为1.70E+11 d。 相似文献
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放射性核素在地下介质中迁移机理与模型研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
介绍了铀尾矿库的物理、化学概念模型和其中重金属、放射性核素迁移的一般过程 ;论述了沉淀作用、络合作用和胶体作用对放射性核素迁移的影响 ;重点讨论了描述吸附作用的离子交换模型和表面络合模型的建模机理 ;对定量模拟放射性核素迁移行为的 Kd模型、表面络合模型及“反应 -运移模型”的应用进行了评述。 相似文献
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随着世界各国大力发展核电，放射性废料的安全处置已成为当今研究热点和前沿学科。高放废物深地质处置的安全性主要取决于处置库内放射性核素向生物圈的迁移程度。在侵入岩中，放射性核素主要是通过地下水沿岩石孔隙从处置库向生物圈迁移的。为了理解放射性核素在花岗岩体接触带的迁移行为，本文根据两花岗岩体接触带中样品的铀系核素放射性活度比值（^234U/^238U,^230Th/^234U,^226Ra/^230Th,^230Th/^238U)，利用 α-反冲（弹射）作用引起的放射性不平衡理论，计算了铀系核素子体^234U,^230Th,^226Ra在后期地下水的作用下在花岗岩体接触带及其裂隙内的迁出率、迁入率、并进行了质量平衡的计算。结果表明，经α-反冲作用进入流体的核素的迁出率要远大于因核素自然衰变的消亡率；裂隙充填物及裂隙能阻滞大量核素的迁移，其沉淀核素来自接触带花岗岩；花岗岩能强烈阻滞核素的迁移，可作为阻止放射性核素从核废料地下处置库向外迁移的有利天然屏障。 相似文献
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对一近地表铀矿体中某些铀系长寿命核素的放射性平衡状态和１４种微量元素迁移特征研究得出，自该铀矿床６３Ｍａ前生成至今，仅近１Ｍａ来，当上覆花岗岩遭剥蚀使矿体近地表时，矿石中天然放射性核和微量元素才因水－岩反应沿围岩破碎带，裂隙发生迁移；裂隙两侧岩石受水－岩反应影响的范围较小，裂隙面的化学组分以溶失为主，裂隙两侧粘土化花岗岩中则以核素、元素的扩散和吸附为主，最后阐述了本研究结果对高放废物处置库安全评价 相似文献
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LUO Xingzhang MIN Maozhong ZHANG Guanghui State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research Nanjing University Nanjing LI Xianguo YANG Zhe ZHAI Liying No. Geological Party Central-South China Bureau of Nuclear Geology Guangxi Zhu Deling The Open Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Resource Research Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》1999,73(4):418-428
Elements and natural radionuclides in the contact zone of two granites with different ages would migrate from one to the other because of the difference in their chemical contents and later water-rock interactions. This migration could serve as an analogue for the near-field process of radwastes in a high-level radwaste deep geological disposal repository.In the contact between the Indosinian granite (whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age at 214@3 Ma) and Hercynian granite (zircon U-Pb isochron age at 296@31 Ma) located in Ziyuan County, Guangxi, the O and Pb isotope characteristics and the activity ratios of 234U/238U, 230Th/238U, 230Th/234U and 226Ra/230Th show that, based on the whole-rock chemical contents, both of the two granites have maintained a relatively open chemical system in their evolution processes. However, as there is no obvious open fault, the migration of major elements, trace elements and natural U-series nu-clides takes place within only 1-2 m in the contact zone, and water-rock interaction 相似文献
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按地下实验室或处置库的不同主岩,简述了以花岗岩,岩盐,粘土岩和凝灰岩等作处置库主岩的核素迁移示踪试验的研究现状,重点介绍了以花岗岩作高效废物处置库主岩的示踪试验方法和进展。 相似文献
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Chen Jiajun Xu Zhaoyi Tian Kaiming
China University of Geostiences Beijing Tian Jiping
Guangzhou University Guangzhou 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1991,(1)
Unsaturated radionuclide migration experiments were conducted in a pit inside thetesting hall.Several types of radionuclides were used in the experiments.Tritium wasused as a tracer for water movement in unsaturated loess.Other kinds of radionuclideswere also used in order to obtain fundamental parameters for radionuclide migration sothat further environmental assessment of low—level radioactive waste disposal can be car-ried out.Mechanisms governing unsaturated flow in loess,that is,principles ofone—way lateral flow,are presented qualitatively in this paper.And a continuumone—dimensional model for radionuclide migration testing is developed based on the ex-periments conducted under the particular conditions at the test site.The data measuredfrom the tests were compared with solutions of this one—dimensional model.Resultsshow that this model is feasible for modeling radionuclide migration in unsaturatedloess. 相似文献
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放射性核素有机迁移形式与性能评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人们在以往的性能评价中大多注意地下水中放射性核素的无机迁移形式,而对其有机迁移形式则关注不够,这无疑会影响处置库系统性能评价的置信度。本文重点讨论了天然有机质在地下水中的分布及其对高放废物处置库系统性能评价的可能影响。最近研究结果表明：黏土岩一般为不透水层,DOC、HA和FA在黏土岩孔隙水中的质量浓度要远比在花岗岩地下水中的高。因此,对黏土岩中的预选场址要十分关注放射性核素有机迁移形式及其对性能评价的影响。花岗岩地下水中虽然DOC甚低,但是否可完全不考虑放射性核素有机迁移形式对性能评价的影响,现在未作定论,尚在进一步研究之中。 相似文献
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Natural analogue investigations aim to understand key phenomena and processes in natural systems related to those expected to occur in radioactive waste repositories. One of the key applications of natural analogue studies has been the possibility to test the geochemical models to be used to describe the migration of radionuclides in a future radioactive waste repository system. To this end, several geochemical modelling testing exercises (commonly denoted as blind predictive modelling, BPM) have formed an integral part of these studies over the last decade.
We have reviewed, discussed and compared the results obtained from geochemical modelling BPM exercises carried out within six natural analogue studies: Poços de Caldas, Cigar Lake, Maqarin, El Berrocal, Oklo and Palmottu. To make this comparison meaningful, we present the main geochemical characteristics of each site in order to highlight the most relevant mineralogical and hydrochemical differences. The elements selected for discussion are: Sr, Ba, Sn, Pb, Se, Ni, Zn, REEs, Th and U. We have based our discussion on the results obtained from the calculated aqueous speciation as well as by comparing solubility calculations with the actually observed concentrations.
Results can be differentiated into two categories of elemental behaviour:
1. those elements like Th and U under reducing conditions that can be fairly well described by assuming solubility control exerted by pure solid phases as their oxyhydroxides;
2. elements such as Sr, Zn, REEs and U under oxidising conditions for which the association to major geochemical components of the system must be considered in order to explain their concentrations in groundwaters.
Additionally, we discuss the main improvements made to the thermodynamic databases and the geochemical calculation methodologies due to the BPM exercises. Furthermore, the most important characterisation geochemical data needed to complete predictive solubility and speciation calculations are identified. 相似文献
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V. I. Malkovsky V. I. Velichkin Yu. E. Gorlinsky E. I. Vladimirova 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2009,51(4):275-289
The convective transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr by groundwater on the territory of the Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute (RRCKI) was modeled. Geological data
on the RRCKI site and possible sources of radionuclides show that the uppermost aquifer, composed of Quaternary sediments,
is the most probable region of spreading of radioactive contamination. Since the lateral migration of radionuclides is predominant,
a 2D horizontal model was used for the forecasting of spreading of radioactive contaminants in the subsurface medium. Transient
or long-term repositories of radioactive materials at the RRCKI site (concentrated sources) and aquifer rocks contaminated
in the course of removal of radionuclides from these repositories (distributed source) are responsible for groundwater pollution.
The initial 137Cs and 90Sr distributions used in the forecasting of radionuclide migration were determined from their contents in core samples taken
from wells drilled in contaminated areas of the RRCKI site. The zone of radionuclide migration is limited by poorly permeable
moraine loam from below and by the water table from above. To determine the upper and lower boundaries, these surfaces were
mapped in plan view. The data of meteorological observations over a long period were used to map the intensity of precipitation
in the studied territory. The density of rocks in the uppermost aquifer and partition coefficients of radionuclides between
rocks and groundwater were estimated from the data of laboratory examination of the core samples. The available data on the
permeability of rock samples and the results of test pumping out of some wells were involved in the consideration. The results
obtained and the data on the water table allowed us to define a gauge problem for determining the distribution of the filtration
coefficient in the uppermost aquifer. This problem was solved taking the intensity of precipitation into account. The properties
of the uppermost aquifer and the initial radionuclide distribution therein were used as initial data for modeling 137Cs and 90Sr migration on the territory of the RRCKI over 50 years. 相似文献