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原煤的开采、储存、运输及其加工利用过程是多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的主要来源。由于缺乏相关系统调查数据,其对煤矿复垦区土壤环境质量的影响尚不明确。平朔煤矿复垦土地主要作为耕地利用,了解其PAHs污染状况直接关系粮食安全和人体健康。该研究通过野外实地调查,开展了平朔煤矿复垦区表层土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的毒性风险分析研究。在整个平朔煤矿45 km2范围内,以500 m×500 m间距为基准,按照不同用地类型,采集了0~20 cm深度土壤样品179个,再按照1 km×1 km单元格组合后分析。使用安捷伦高分辨气相色谱低分辨质谱进行目标物的检测。加入代用标准2氟联苯(2 FBP)以进行回收率控制。研究结果表明：土壤中16种EPA PAHs的含量范围为213.60~2 513.20 ng·g-1,均值为717.09 ng·g-1。PAHs成分特征显示主要以3~4环为主(52%),5~6环次之(42%),2环所占比例最低(6%)。使用相关分析法判定,主要污染来源为原煤。毒性风险分析结果显示,平朔煤矿土壤PAHs存在一定生态风险,当土地重新作为农田加以利用时,需要加以关注。 相似文献
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污染土壤中多环芳烃的微生物降解及其机理研究进展 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类普遍存在于环境中的难降解危险性“三致”有机污染物。微生物对多环芳烃的降解是去除土壤中多环芳烃的主要途径。研究表明，对于土壤中低分子量多环芳烃类化合物，微生物一般以唯一碳源方式代谢；而大多数细菌和真菌对四环或四环以上的多环芳烃的降解作用一般以共代谢方式开始。本文重点论述了高分子量多环芳烃：芘和苯并(a)芘的微生物降解及其机理。并介绍了多环芳烃污染的微生物—植物联合修复机制，最后展望了污染土壤中多环芳烃的研究趋势。 相似文献
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近些年,随着我国城市化进程不断加快,土壤中多环芳烃污染已经成为威胁土壤环境质量和人体健康的主要因素。文章采集了北京市通州某改造区15件表层土壤（0~20 cm）样品,利用GC-MS分析技术,研究了土壤中美国环境保护署（USEPA）优控的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量及组分特征,根据多环芳烃的空间分布特征和特定成分之间的浓度比值结合多元统计法分析了其污染来源,初步评价了其污染水平,并进行健康风险评价。结果表明:表层土壤中16种多环芳烃含量范围为6.57~8 307.2 μg/kg,均值为1 004.08 μg/kg。多环芳烃组分特征及Fla与（Fla+Pyr）、BaA与(BaA+Chr)的相对质量比值特征显示改造区是燃煤和汽车尾气混合型来源;多元统计后发现石油烃类污染源和化石燃料燃烧源是两种主要成分。最后参照《污染场地风险评估技术导则（HJ 25.3—2014）》对土壤中PAHs进行了健康风险评价,除苯并（a）芘（BaP）致癌风险值略偏高不可接受外,其余致癌与非致癌风险值均可接受。 相似文献
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土壤中的多环芳烃（PAHs）会威胁人类健康和生态环境安全。为掌握北运河流域（北京段）土壤中PAHs的分布特征及其形成机制,采用克里格插值、主成分分析-多元线性回归等多元统计方法,结合同分异构体比值法对该区域表层土壤中16种优控PAHs的质量分数、分布趋势、空间分布特征及其污染来源进行了研究。结果表明：（1）研究区216件土壤样品中16种PAHs均被检出,且主要为高环PAHs(4～6环),总PAHs的质量分数范围在10.5～19 466.5μg/kg,受污染土壤样品占29.63%;(2)表层土壤中的PAHs在东西及南北方向上均呈现出中部高、两端低的趋势,在空间分布上总体表现为北部区域及中部城区含量较高、其他地区相对较低的特征,且由于人为活动影响导致个别点位PAHs富集,存在点源污染或局部污染;（3）PAHs同分异构体比值法及主成分分析法研究表明,研究区内PAHs的来源为以煤/生物质燃烧及交通燃烧为主、石油泄漏等石油化工源为辅的混合源,多元线性回归方法分析后得到2者的贡献率分别为89%和11%。研究结果可为研究区的污染防控、土地质量评价和国土空间规划等工作提供有力支撑。 相似文献
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东海泥质区表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征及物源 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
以 GC/MSD内标法定量测定了东海近岸和远岸泥质沉积区 18个表层沉积物中多环芳烃 (PAHs)的含量,探讨了多环芳烃在这些泥质区的分布特征、影响因素及来源.结果显示 ,近岸泥质区多环芳烃含量普遍较高,介于 180.3～ 424.8 ng/g(干重 )之间;冲绳海槽次之,含量为 211.7 ng/g ;济州岛西南泥质区最低,含量介于 117.1～ 211.7 ng/g之间.东海泥质区多环芳烃的分布主要受控于离物源的远近、沉积物粒度、有机碳含量以及东海环流体系.东海泥质区的多环芳烃主要来源于热成因,大气干湿沉降和河流输入是其进入泥质区的主要途径.东海泥质区多环芳烃的污染程度中等. 相似文献
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表层岩溶带土壤中多环芳烃分布特征及来源解析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对表层岩溶泉域土壤中的16种优控的多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)含量进行了分析,并对其组成、污染水平和来源进行了探讨。结果表明,16种优控PAHs在表层岩溶泉域土壤中的检出率为100%,其含量介于439.19~3329.72ng/g之间,平均值为1392.44ng/g,7种致癌性PAHs占总量的26%。PAHs的组成特征受地形的控制,随着海拔升高,低环PAHs所占比例升高,高环PAHs比例降低。同分异构体比值分析表明,研究区土壤中的PAHs主要来自于煤、生物质和石油的燃烧排放。研究区土壤中16种PAHs的TEQcarc值介于18.65~501.13ng/g,平均值为140.57ng/g。7种致癌性PAHs占总TEQcarc的比例达到96.8%。研究区表土中,后沟泉域的污染程度最大,次之是兰花沟泉域和柏树湾泉域,水房泉泉域的污染程度最小,但由于柏树湾泉域松针落叶中BaP、PAHs含量较高,松针落叶中PAHs含量分别高达36.36ng/g和2370.1ng/g,土壤生态风险评价中应考虑松针落叶层的潜在影响。 相似文献
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介绍了江西南昌某郊区采集的成熟期(2008年9月)和收割期(2008年10月)的水稻籽粒中多环芳烃(PAHs)的富集情况,并与同时期的环境介质(土壤、空气气相以及颗粒物)中多环芳烃的含量及分布情况作了相关性分析。结果表明,研究区水稻籽粒中16种多环芳烃(∑PAHs)总量平均为(74.8±13.6)ng/g,水稻土壤中∑PAHs含量平均为(203.7±14.3)ng/g,空气气相样品中∑PAHs含量平均为68.25 ng/m3,以3环和4环多环芳烃为优势化合物;颗粒物样品中∑PAHs含量平均为42.28 ng/m3,以4环、5环和6环多环芳烃为优势化合物。各介质多环芳烃含量在国内同类地区中均位于中等偏下水平。将多环芳烃在水稻籽粒和各个介质之间的生物富集系数与化合物的辛醇分配系数KOC、KOA作对数变换后比较,发现水稻籽粒中多环芳烃的分布与水稻土和空气颗粒物中的多环芳烃没有太大关系;而与空气气相中的多环芳烃关系较明显,证实了前人得到的气相化合物对植物体内化合物的分配起着主要贡献的研究结论。 相似文献
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多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）是一种难降解、毒性强的致癌性污染物,其广泛分布于各环境介质中,陆地环境中90%的PAHs累积在土壤中。随着资源的开发,由油品泄漏、垃圾渗滤、污水排放等行为造成的多年冻土区PAHs土壤污染问题日益突显,并且在气候变化背景下,多年冻土中的PAHs具有重新释放而造成二次污染的风险,多年冻土区土壤多环芳烃污染分布特征和迁移规律研究对评估多年冻土区生态环境风险,防治土壤持久性有机物污染,保障广大多年冻土居民生命健康安全具有重要意义。通过回顾目前国内外多年冻土区土壤中PAHs污染的相关研究,分析发现多年冻土区未受污染的土壤中PAHs的污染水平远低于中低纬度人口密集区域,可代表地球土壤中PAHs的背景值;高纬度或高海拔的地理位置以及严寒的气候使得冻土区土壤中PAHs一个普遍且最重要的来源是大气远距离传输;活动层的冻融作用主要通过改变土壤理化性质和控制水分运移方向影响PAHs在多年冻土区土壤中的垂向分布特征,多年冻土的低渗透性具有阻碍PAHs垂向迁移的作用。综合分析已有研究成果,表明目前冻土区土壤PAHs污染研究还是大量集中于表层土壤中的污染分布调查和来源解析,而关于PAHs在活动层和多年冻土层中的垂向迁移研究还仅限于对其在土壤剖面中分布状况的解释性分析,冻融作用对PAHs在土壤中的迁移、转化和归宿的影响机制还不清楚。未来多年冻土区土壤中PAHs的研究将集中于迁移转化机理与污染治理技术两方面,针对PAHs在多年冻土区土壤中迁移行为的模拟模型亟待研究开发,以实现PAHs污染储量和迁移通量的定量预测;此外,多年冻土区土壤污染问题的深入研究还需要紧密联系多圈层、多界面、多介质、多要素以及多目标污染物而开展。 相似文献
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Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soil were conducted in Huizhou City, which is located in
the Pearl River Delta, South China. Sixteen PAHs in 42 soil samples were detected. The results showed that 4 components of
PAHs were detectable in all soil samples, and other 12 components were also detectable to some extent. The total PAHs contents
range from 35.40 to 534.5 μg/kg with the mean value of 123.09 μg/kg. Soil in Huizhou was slightly polluted by PAHs according
to Maliszewska-Kordybach’s study. It can be confirmed that the increase of PAHs contents in the surface soil of Huizhou City
is closely connected to human activities. Multivariate analysis was also made in this study. Principal component analysis
was used to constrain their origins, and 3 principal components (PCs) were extracted. The results showed that coal combustion
and oil spilling made the major contributions to PAHs. Cluster analysis was made and 16 priority PAHs were classified as 4
sorts, and the result revealed the differences in environmental behavior, chemical properties and sources of PAHs. 相似文献
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为了解兰州市采暖期大气PM2.5污染情况及其主要重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）含量,并同时研究其对小鼠胎儿出生质量的影响,对兰州市城关区2015年11月至2016年3月大气PM2.5进行重金属元素和PAHs的成份分析,同时将处理好的PM2.5通过气管滴注对30只成功受孕10d的昆明小鼠（随机分成4个剂量组,每组6只）进行染毒（PM2.5剂量：0、50、100、200μg·ml-1·d-1）,直到子鼠出生,分析窝产仔量和子鼠体重、心体比、肺体比等指标进而对子鼠出生质量进行评估。结果表明,兰州市城关区2015年采暖期大气PM2.5总日均浓度符合国家标准,但有48d超过国家标准,最高浓度达到151μg·m-3,主要的重金属和PAHs分别为铅和萤蒽。动物实验结果表明,PM2.5染毒剂量越高,子鼠体重越轻,下降的幅度越大。与零剂量组比较,PM2.5剂量组子鼠的心体系数和肺体系数显著降低,但窝产仔量和性别无明显差异。这表明采暖期大气PM2.5可能会对妊娠期雌鼠产生作用,影响子代小鼠的出生质量和发育情况,这或许与其重金属和PAHs成分有关。 相似文献
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北京市冬季大气PM2.5中多氯联苯的污染水平与分布 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
2008年1月同时采集了北京市市区/交通干道(中国地质大学(北京)东门及测试楼顶)、工业区(首钢集团焦化厂、高井热电厂)和背景点(十三陵)大气颗粒物PM2.5样品。依据US EPA 1668A 方法,采用同位素稀释、高分辨率气相色谱/高分辨率质谱(HRGC/MS)联用技术,对比分析了PM2.5中19种多氯联苯(PCBs)的质量浓度、分布特征及来源。结果表明, 5个采样点PM2.5的质量浓度范围为101.85～145.57 μg/m3,日均值为119 μg/m3,比美国1997年制定的日均标准(65 μg/m3 )高83%,属严重污染。 PM2.5中∑PCBs的质量浓度和毒性当量(TEQ)分别为7.2～16.2 pg/m3 (平均值10.9 pg/m3)、8.29～17.81 fgWHO-TEQ/m3 (平均值13.58 fgWHO-TEQ/m3),与其他国家和地区比较,北京市大气PCBs的污染处于较低水平。PCBs最高浓度出现在工业区,其次是市区,背景点最低,化石燃料的不完全燃烧是北京市PCBs的主要来源。研究成果将为北京市大气环境中持久性有机污染物(POPs)的污染防治提供科学依据。
相似文献
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Chunfa Wu Yongming Luo Biao Huang Haibo Zhang Huoyan Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(6):1239-1247
A total of 782 topsoil samples (0–20 cm) and 371 subsoil samples (20–40 cm) were collected from agricultural land in two rapidly
industrialized areas with a large number of small rural industries in southeast China, Zhangjiagang City (ZJG) and Changshu
City (CS), to measure soil chromium (Cr) concentrations. Kriging and cokriging were used to predict the spatial distribution
of Cr in the topsoils and subsoils. Paired-samples t test and spatial distribution maps were used to compare the Cr concentrations in topsoils and subsoils. The mean Cr concentration
in ZJG topsoils was significantly higher than that in ZJG subsoils and the mean Cr concentration in CS topsoils showed no
significant difference from that in CS subsoils. The Cr concentrations in topsoils were higher than those in subsoils over
most of the area of ZJG and part of CS, suggesting that Cr accumulation had occurred in these areas and extrinsic factors
have an important role controlling the distribution of Cr in topsoils. Semivariogram/cross-semivariogram was used to evaluate
soil Cr spatial variability. The Cr in ZJG topsoils, ZJG subsoils, and CS topsoils had moderate spatial dependence and the
Cr in CS subsoils had strong spatial dependence. Cr in ZJG subsoils had longer effective range than Cr in ZJG topsoils, suggesting
that the anthropogenic factors affecting Cr distribution in ZJG topsoils; and Cr in CS topsoils had longer effective range
than Cr in CS subsoils, indicating that soil formation may be the major explanation for the decrease in the variation of Cr
in topsoils. A significant correlation was found between the Cr in topsoils and Cr in subsoils, indicating that natural factors
also play an important role as extrinsic factors that control the distribution of Cr in topsoils. 相似文献
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Two types of soil (fluvisols and anthrosols) were collected from different environmental settings (suburb and industrial area)
in Wuhan, central China, aiming to examine the applicability of magnetic mapping for heavy metal pollution of urban soil in
a large region. Magnetic measurements and chemical analysis indicated elevated magnetization and heavy metal concentrations
of topsoils in the industrial area. Magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation
isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of fluvisols are much higher than those of anthrosols, but contrary for frequency-dependent
susceptibility, indicating that soil magnetism strongly depends on the soil type/condition. Predominant magnetic carrier in
topsoils in industrial area is pseudo-single-domain/multi-domain magnetite. Environmental scanning electron microscope/energy
dispersive X-ray examination of the magnetic extracts from these topsoils revealed abundant spherical particles with diameters
of 10–50 μm that are rich in iron-oxides, and could be attributed to the nearby industrial activities (e.g., steel work and
power generation). Significant correlations were observed between magnetic concentration-related parameters (e.g., χ, ARM
and SIRM) and concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Tomlinson pollution load index. These results proposed that magnetic proxy
mapping of soil pollution is an effective, fast and inexpensive tool for delineation of heavy metal pollution. However, interpretation
of magnetic properties for such a purpose must be done on a site-specific basis, taking into account the possibilities of
pedogenic enhancement/depletion under the specific soil conditions. 相似文献
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北京密云房山地区土壤中多环芳烃的组成与分布特征 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
选择北京城近郊房山与密云地区的土壤进行了多环芳烃的定量分析，同时探讨了多环芳烃在土壤中的分布特征与来源。研究结果显示：密云、房山两地土壤中多环芳烃的含量值具有明显差异，提示了两地工业活动影响强度的不同；各采样区土壤中多环芳烃总量的平均值在45．98～388．23ng／g变化，根据多环芳烃的特征参数可以推测研究区土壤中的多环芳烃主要来自于化石燃料的不完全燃烧。 相似文献
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A VANEET KUMAR N C KOTHIYAL SARUCHI KUMARI R MEHRA A PARKASH R R SINHA S K TAYAGI R GABA 《Journal of Earth System Science》2014,123(3):479-489
The objective of the present study was to ascertain contamination levels, distribution behaviour and PAHs exposure during summer, winter and autumn during 2011–2012 in one of the developing cities of northern India. Average PAHs concentration was found to be 18.17, 4.04 and 16.38 μg g ?1, whereas, concentration of 16 individual PAHs was found to vary between 0.02 and 200.23, 0.008 and 28.4 μg g ?1, and 0.01 and 252.55 μg g ?1 during summer, winter and autumn seasons, respectively. The average concentration of low and high carcinogenic PAHs during summer, winter and autumn was found to be 5.1 and 31.29, 2.1 and 6.4, 4.74 and 35.08 μg g ?1 at most intercepts. The average ratio of low to high carcinogenic PAHs was found to be 1:6, 1:3, 1:7.6 during summer, winter and autumn, respectively. Five ringed PAHs were found in higher concentration in all seasons. Dib(ah)A and B(a)P were the two individual PAHs found in highest concentration during summer, winter and autumn seasons. Two tailed T-test was applied for authenticity of the results. Toxic equivalency factor of B(a)P and Dib(ah)A was maximum as compared to other PAHs. The study could be of great significance for the planners while considering environmental remedial measures. 相似文献