共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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通过遥感影像解译获取伊通河流域1986、1996、2005和2017年土地利用数据,采用土地利用动态模型、土地利用度和生态系统服务价值等方法,研究伊通河流域土地利用变化特征及其生态响应。研究结果表明,耕地、城镇建筑用地和林地是伊通河流域主要的土地利用类型,1986—2017年间,研究区土地利用综合动态度降低,土地利用度上升,土地利用结构趋于稳定。在31年间,生态系统服务价值整体下降33.97%,林地、草地、湿地和水域面积的减小导致生态系统服务价值显著降低。 相似文献
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TANG Congguo LIU Congqiang 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(3):284-289
Surface runoff in the Wujiang River watershed was simulated by a GIS-based method using precipitation, hydrology data, and land-use data. The volume of surface runoff is chiefly controlled by climates, topographical characteristics and types of land use at the watershed. Five subwatersheds that can represent the whole watershed were chosen and their average annual precipitation, average annual surface runoff and current land use were calculated respectively in the grid model of the Wujiang River watershed based on the climate and hydrology data from 1965 to 2000 and the land-use data acquired in the year of 2000. Surface runoff is assumed to be a function of precipitation and land use and the multiple regression tool is used to determine the relationship between surface runoff, precipitation and present land use. Thus, the rainfall-runoff model for each land-use type has been established. When calibrating these models, the results show that the percent errors are all below 7%, which indicates that the accuracy of this simulation is high. 相似文献
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Understanding land-use/cover change process for land and environmental resources use management policy in Ghana 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Opoku Pabi 《GeoJournal》2007,68(4):369-383
Accurate information on land-use/cover change is a critical input for natural resource use management policy decisions. In
Ghana, however, land-use/cover change is premised on the assumption that there has been a historically simple, linear, and
uniform degradation of vegetation across all landscapes. The Kintampo and neighboring districts have become a subject of intense
debate as to the real nature of prevailing land cover changes .It is commonly assumed that there is ubiquitously progressive
irreversible woody vegetation loss across the area. The paper reports on the process and amount of land-use/cover changes
that have prevailed in specific localities across the area within a 10-year period. It is hoped this will improve understanding
and management of land-use/cover change in Ghana. Remote sensing and Geographic information systems technologies were used
for the investigation. A multi-site satellite imagery approach was adopted to ensure that inductive inferences could be made.
The outcome of the study indicated that, in space and time, there have been significant land-use/cover changes. Variability
in change was a constant, rather than occasional feature across these human dominated landscapes. The conversion and transformation
processes indicated that the traditional land-use strategies are self-sustaining. Any effective land-use/cover management
strategy should be built upon the existing traditional farming system knowledge and practices. 相似文献
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探讨了城市泥石流风险评价的系统方法,该方法包括泥石流扇形地危险区划、城市易损性分析和城市泥石流风险评价三个主要内容。泥石流堆积扇危险区划是基于数值模拟计算出的泥深和流速分布图进行叠合完成的。以美国高分辨率的“快鸟”卫星影像为数据源,完成了研究区的城市土地覆盖类型遥感解译,在此基础上完成了城市泥石流易损性分析,应用地理信息系统提供的统计和分析工具,完成了研究区泥石流风险评价。该风险区划图可用于指导对泥石流易泛区的不同风险地带的土地利用进行规划和决策,从而达到规避和减轻灾害的目的,也为生活在泥石流危险区的城市居民提供有关灾害风险信息,以作避难和灾害防治的依据。 相似文献
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基于3S技术的西部石羊河流域土地利用/土地覆盖变化研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在3S技术支持下,通过利用土地利用/土地覆盖信息分析参数对20世纪90年代中期和21世纪初两个时期石羊河流域土地利用变化进行的定量分析结果表明:7年间,土地利用类型发生变化比较大的地区是石羊河流域的东部和北部.整个流域湿地、冰川、耕地、裸露地、草地、盐碱地等都发生了变化.研究实践表明,利用3S技术进行国土资源调查,建立国土资源环境数据平台,每5~10年进行一次数据更新,可以很好地反映土地利用/土地覆盖的变化情况,从而为更好地研究土地利用、土地覆盖变化规律,为政府的宏观决策提供依据. 相似文献
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在全球环境变化研究中,土地利用和土地覆被动态研究是一个关键而迫切的课题。本文依据覆盖贵州省20世纪90年代末5 a时间间隔的陆地卫星数据资料,研究了土地利用变化的特征和空间分布规律,并通过土地利用转移矩阵揭示了各区域土地利用变化动态的转化过程;同时以生态系统服务功能衡量相应土地利用类型的相对生态价值,评价区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的生态效应。结果表明,在研究时段内,省内各区域退耕还林与毁林开荒并存,区域间有明显的差异,整体景观尚处于波动状态。在1995~2000年的土地利用变化中,由于旱地、有林地、灌木林地、中低覆盖度荒草地等土地利用类型相互间的频繁转换,各区域土地利用生态价值并未有明显的提高。 相似文献
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为了探讨不同土地利用方式下的水文地球化学特征与地下水循环演化的关系,文章选取贵州省毕节市典型农业区的农田、林地、草地灌木和建筑用地等四类土地利用方式,通过区域地质调查、遥感解译、水化学分析和图解方法,研究裸露岩溶地区其对地下水水化学组分的影响。结果表明:这四类土地利用区域地下水主要组分的浓度和主要矿物的饱和指数都呈差异性。此外,土壤易溶盐组分也随土地利用类型发生改变。并且发现,绝大多数样品中,土壤易溶盐组分浓度高于地下水中相同的组分。因此,降雨入渗补给条件下淋滤作用可导致土壤中易溶盐组分进入地下水中,进而影响地下水化学组分浓度的演化趋势。研究区域地下水均以HCO3-Ca型,HCO3-Ca-Mg型和HCO3-SO4-Ca型水为主,但是,受自然地理因素和人类活动的影响,地下水组分和水化学类型在不同土地利用类型区域中存在差异性。基于本研究建立了地下水演化的两种概念模型。 相似文献
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Although rapid land-use change has taken place in many arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China, relatively less attention
has been paid to studying the characteristics of land use change, as well as the ecological responses of land use change in
these regions, especially in fragile agro-pastoral regions. This paper analyzes the land use change and its ecological responses
during 1985–2005 based on the landscape metrics change and transition matrix of land use types by the combined use of satellite
remote sensing and geographical information systems in Shandan County, a typical agro-pastoral region in the middle and upper
reaches of Heihe River, northwest China. The results indicate significant changes in land use have occurred and the landscape
has become more continuous, clumped and more homogeneous within the examined area. Land use change was mainly characterized
by remarkable expansion of barred land and water area, slight increase of cropland and urbanized land, and evident shrinkage
of grassland and woodland. The study also demonstrates that the land cover suffered severe degeneration and the ecological
environment tended to deteriorate over the study period, mainly as follows: grassland degradation, land desertification and
ecosystem services decline. 相似文献
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发展中的板块边界:天山-贝加尔活动构造带 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
不同的土地利用方式可使土地理化性质产生一系列的变化和差异,从而影响到岩溶作用的方向和强度。通过野外溶蚀试片实验法,对金佛山典型岩溶区碧潭泉和水房泉两泉域岩溶生态系统的5种典型土地利用方式下的土壤溶蚀速率进行雨季短时间尺度变化的野外观测。2006年7月中旬开始,重庆地区罕遇43天高温无雨的特殊天气,测试结果表明不同土地利用方式甚至同一土地利用方式下不同海拔的岩溶区石灰岩试片溶蚀速率都存在较大差异,碧潭泉域雨季绝对溶蚀量仅为水房泉域的13.3%,6个测试点土下溶蚀量由大到小依次为水房泉竹林地、水房泉林地、水房泉草地、碧潭泉林地、碧潭泉灌草丛、碧潭泉耕地。在研究时间内降雨量、温度和土壤CaCO3含量差异的基础上,金佛山两泉域岩溶作用主要有两个控制因素:土壤CO2浓度、土壤有机质。 相似文献
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Dynamic simulation models allow an integrated representation of human and biophysical driving forces, to test their influence on land use. Dynamic models emphasise the interactions among the components of the system and take into account feedback loops and threshold effects. In this paper, the SALU model was used to generate “what-if” scenarios to explore hypotheses on the relative role of driving forces of land-use change in the Sudano-sahelian countries of Africa. The model simulations provided useful insights to better understand the processes of land-use change. Rural population growth represents a larger stimuli for land-use change than urban population growth. Demographic variables have a greater impact on land use than recurring droughts. The demographic driving forces are slow variables while rainfall is a fast variable. Recurring droughts could be viewed as trigger events, and urban population growth and consumption as mediating factors, while rural population growth defines long-term trends. Technological change defines thresholds in land use. Land-use change results from interactions between driving forces. The timing of occurrence of drought with respect to transitions in land use has a major impact on land-use change. Polices aimed at protecting pastoral land and supporting agricultural intensification both contribute to maintain pastoral activities. Simulating a conservative carrying capacity has a major impact on land use predictions. By examining environmental, social and economic implications of various land-use scenarios, the modelling approach adopted in SALU can provide support for decision-making. 相似文献