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1.
藏北羌塘地块的归属问题   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
青藏高原位于特提斯构造域中 ,冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞焊接的主缝合线由这里经过。羌塘地块处于青藏高原现今块带结构的中部 ,两侧均以已被公认的凸向东北的缝合带构造作为边界。目前对该地块的来源有两种观点 :一种认为它原是冈瓦纳大陆的一部分 ,印支期开始裂离北漂 ,于三叠纪末期拼贴到欧亚大陆上 (J .F .Dewey ,常承法 ,等 ,1990 ;王家生 ,郭铁鹰 ,1996)。另一种观点则认为它和华北陆块、塔里木陆块、扬子陆块以及其它一些岛陆共同组成中国古大陆主体 ,与冈瓦纳大陆和劳亚大陆三足鼎立 (许效松 ,徐强 ,潘桂棠 ,等 ,1996)。对一…  相似文献   

2.
中国各大陆块在寒武纪全球构造中的位置及意义   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
者根据近年来所获的古地磁数据及板块构造的研究成果,对中国各大陆块在寒武纪全球构造中的位置进行了再造。笔者认为寒武纪全球存在三大洋、四大陆域。其中,中国大陆中的扬子、塔里木、柴达木等均属冈瓦纳大陆域,华北陆块则属介于冈瓦纳与劳亚两个大陆域之间的一个中间陆块。且当时华北与扬子两陆块的南、北位置与现在的位置正好相反。而介于二者之间的秦、祁古洋盆在当时是一个位于南半球赤道附近的径向洋。  相似文献   

3.
冈瓦纳大陆古生代冰盖分布研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
基于冈瓦纳大陆主要板块冰川沉积地层的对比,并结合古地磁方法对冈瓦纳大陆古生代主要冰期的冰盖分布范围进行再造,认为冈瓦纳大陆在古生代主要经历了3次较大的冰期,分别是:(1)晚奥陶世—早志留世冰期、(2)晚泥盆世—早石炭世冰期、(3)晚石炭世晚期—二叠纪冰期。晚奥陶世—早志留世冰期冰盖主要分布在西冈瓦纳大陆;晚泥盆世—早石炭世冰期冰盖主要分布在南美板块;晚石炭世晚期—二叠纪冰期冰盖在冈瓦纳大陆主要组成板块上均有分布,且冰盖存在时间最长,分布范围最广。3次主要冰期冰盖的中心点位置均靠近南极点,但并不完全重合,可认为气温是影响冈瓦纳大陆上冰盖分布的主要因素,但不是唯一的因素,冰盖的分布范围还受到盆地动力学、地形、冰川属性以及其他具体因素的影响。同时结合在保山地块的野外工作以及前人的研究成果,认为冈瓦纳大陆的3次冰期中,仅晚石炭世晚期—二叠纪冰期对中国的陆块产生了影响,且主要影响了中国的西南陆块群(包括保山地块、腾冲地块、拉萨地块、羌塘地块等)。  相似文献   

4.
形成于晚石炭—二叠纪的华夏植物群主要发育在东亚,范围是中国华北、华南和塔里木以及印度支那等陆块。根据这些陆块的缝合时代以及陆块内石炭—二叠纪地层、古生物发育特征的研究,笔者认为这些陆块在石炭纪之前已聚合成一个大型陆块,本文将这个以华夏植物群为特征的大型陆块称为华夏大陆。该大陆位于安加拉大陆与冈瓦纳大陆之间的古特提斯洋中,并将其分为南、北两支。二叠纪晚期,华夏大陆向北漂移,至二叠纪末期,华夏大陆与安加拉大陆碰撞,形成天山—北山—内蒙古特提斯洋北支缝合带。早三叠世末期,由冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解出来的西藏和缅泰陆片向北漂移,与华夏大陆西南边缘碰撞,形成昆仑—三江古特提斯洋南支缝合带。至此,华夏大陆成为劳亚大陆东南边缘一部分。  相似文献   

5.
本文通过对西藏二叠系(竹蜓)类及非(竹蜓)有孔虫的研究认为,早二叠世早期(竹蜓)类以冷温型的Monodiexodina动物群为主,属冈瓦纳—特提斯生物区,冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚太陆及扬子地块的分界分别为昆仑山南坡断裂和金沙江断裂。早二叠世晚期(竹蜓)类Neoschwagerina-Polydiexodina动物群仍限于冈瓦纳北缘区,其生物区系以及扬子地块的分界与早二叠世早期相同,而冈瓦纳大陆北缘西部首先与欧亚大陆塔里木等地块接近,该动物群才越过了昆仑山北坡。晚二叠世晚期(竹蜓)类以Palaeofusulina动物群为主,与扬子地块相似属华夏—特提斯生物区,冈瓦纳与欧亚大陆的界线转为班公湖—怒江断裂,而冈底斯带与喜马拉雅带至今未见Palaeofusulina,该二带仍属冈瓦纳—特提斯生物区。  相似文献   

6.
中国与世界主要含油气区大地构造比较分析   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
任纪舜  邓平  肖藜薇  牛宝贵  王军 《地质学报》2006,80(10):1491-1500
中国与世界主要含油气区比较,区别十分明显。世界主要为海相,特别是中新生代海相含油气层系,一般经历了单旋回的演化过程;中国主要为中新生代陆相含油气层系,经历了多旋回的演化过程。世界主要含油气区,大多位于南(冈瓦纳)、北(劳亚)大陆的本部或被动边缘,大陆被大洋环绕,形成洋环陆的古构造-古地理景观,各时代海相沉积发育良好,构造动力体系单一,地质结构比较简单,含油气层系保存条件比较优越。而中国所在的东亚大陆,则属南(冈瓦纳)、北(劳亚)两个巨型大陆之间的转换构造域,它是由众多微陆和造山带组合而成的复合大陆,古构造-古地理环境为洋含陆,即微陆散布在浩瀚的海洋之中;古亚洲洋、特提斯-古太平洋、大西洋/印度洋-太平洋三大动力体系的叠加、复合,使东亚成为全球构造最复杂的地区。因此,在中国,只有在构造上相对稳定,又被中新生代沉积覆盖的塔里木、四川、鄂尔多斯等多旋回叠合盆地,海相油气层系才得以保存,在海相地层直接暴露地表的地区,至今尚未发现具有工业价值的油气藏。  相似文献   

7.
羌塘盆地位于青藏高原北部,是研究青藏高原古特提斯洋演化及冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆界线的关键区域,其基底的时代和性质直接决定了羌南—保山板块的大地构造属性和冈瓦纳大陆的范围。笔者通过对羌塘中部蜈蚣山花岗片麻岩捕虏体的锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,确定该花岗片麻岩形成于晚三叠世(209.1±2.8Ma),是冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆汇聚事件的物质记录,与羌塘中部已有的研究结果相一致;同时还在花岗片麻岩中发现了冈瓦纳大陆泛非运动晚期(464.5±4.8Ma)的年龄记录,是羌塘地区首次发现泛非运动的物质记录,并且该年龄可以与滇西怒江、保山以及印度板块内部和喜马拉雅造山带中发育的大量早古生代花岗质岩石相对比,表明羌南—保山板块与印度大陆具有很好的亲缘性。以上研究成果为探讨羌塘地区的基底属性和确定冈瓦纳大陆与欧亚大陆碰撞的时限提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

8.
中国南大陆古地理与Pangea对比   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
中国南大陆为一构造古地理名称,在地理上包括昆仑、秦岭山脉以南的广大地区,泛称中国南方。这些地区在地质历史演化中分属于扬子陆块、华夏陆块、羌塘-昌都陆块、中咱微陆块,也包括由冈瓦纳陆块群裂解出来的拉萨陆块和印度陆块北缘的江孜地区。塔里木陆块和紫达木陆块在中国古大陆的聚合中裂解、漂称,在早古生代末脱离扬子陆块的群体,与华北陆块聚合,因此,中国南大陆古地理的重建,不仅涉及南方各块体的聚合,还涉及中国古大  相似文献   

9.
东亚原特提斯洋(Ⅰ):南北边界和俯冲极性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
原特提斯洋是从新元古代Rodinia裂解到早古生代发育于滇缅泰/保山微陆块以北、塔里木-华北陆块以南的一个复杂成因的洋盆。长期以来对原特提斯洋的南、北边界及其早古生代末俯冲极性还存在争论,而这是恢复重建Pangea超大陆聚合前构造背景的关键。本文综合利用野外地质、构造、岩浆、沉积学、地球化学、构造年代学和层析成像等最新成果,以期界定原特提斯域的南、北边界位置,确定原特提斯洋边界俯冲极性。集成分析结果表明,北界为古洛南-栾川缝合线(或宽坪缝合线)及其直至西昆仑的西延部分;南界为龙木措-双湖-昌宁-孟连缝合线。原特提斯洋北部在华北-阿拉善-塔里木陆块泥盆纪向南俯冲并与冈瓦纳大陆北缘拼合过程中,形成了一个巨型弯山构造,现保存在祁连-阿尔金-柴达木地区的中国中央造山带内。原特提斯洋南部分支也可能在泥盆纪闭合,使得包括羌北、若尔盖、扬子、华夏、布列亚-佳木斯等在内的大华南陆块、印支陆块等也向南俯冲与冈瓦纳北缘发生了聚合。  相似文献   

10.
安多地区位于青藏高原腹地,为拉萨地体、羌塘地体及安多微陆块的结合部位,是研究拉萨地体、羌塘地体起源以及特提斯造山过程的关键位置。我们对采自安多地区的前中生代基底岩石及侏罗系沉积岩样品进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究。研究结果表明:安多花岗片麻岩中锆石同时记录了510~505Ma岩浆年龄以及187Ma变质年龄;187Ma的变质锆石与510~505Ma的岩浆锆石具有相似的Hf同位素模式年龄(1.7~1.5Ga),表明寒武纪花岗岩主要来源于古老地壳重熔。碎屑锆石年代学分析结果揭示了安多微陆块石英岩具有498~484Ma、800~1000Ma和1800~1950Ma的年龄峰值,与南羌塘地体及特提斯喜马拉雅碎屑锆石年龄分布特征相似,表明其在早古生代时位于冈瓦纳大陆北部印度陆块边缘。南羌塘坳陷东南部中侏罗世砂岩及钙质砂岩碎屑锆石年代学分析结果显示其具有182~171Ma、450~600Ma、800~1000Ma、1800~1950Ma及2400~2600Ma的年龄峰值,这种年龄分布特征与安多微陆块及南羌塘地体相似,而与拉萨地体不同,说明南羌塘坳陷东南部下-中侏罗统物源主要来自安多微陆块及南羌塘地体,在早-中侏罗世时安多微陆块与南羌塘地体已经发生了碰撞造山。  相似文献   

11.
昆仑多岛弧盆系及泛华夏大陆的增生   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
自从Rodinia超大陆在晚元古代解体之后,冈瓦纳大陆群与泛华夏大陆群间从晚元古代至中生代始终存在一大洋-特提斯洋。从早古生代至中生代,特提斯洋分三个阶段向泛华夏陆块群俯冲,形成了弧后扩张、弧陆碰撞和弧前增生。弧后盆地扩张到达小洋盆,出现蛇绿混杂岩。由于早期大陆边缘已向南发生了增生,继后的弧后扩张和前锋弧的位置也就相应地向南迁移了。因而蛇绿岩带、岩浆岩带会出现多条,且从北向南时代有从老变新的趋势。由于陆缘向南裂离,并到达高纬度位置,或者如洋岛的生成,随着洋壳的消减速、俯冲,高纬度的沉积体向低纬度的不断增生,这样就出现了生物的冷暖型混生。且从泛华夏陆块群或从冈瓦纳大陆群裂离的块体不能越过大洋中脊拼合在另一大陆块体上。因此,泛华夏大陆的西南缘-昆仑带只是在弧后海底扩张、弧-弧碰撞、弧-陆碰撞的多岛弧造山作用、向南不断增生过程中形成的。  相似文献   

12.
孟中玙  王建刚  李伟桐 《地质学报》2023,97(9):3024-3042
新特提斯洋是中生代位于北方欧亚大陆和南方冈瓦纳大陆之间的古大洋,它在青藏高原南部地区于新生代早期因印度-欧亚大陆碰撞而消亡,其遗迹为现今的印度河-雅鲁藏布缝合带。新特提斯洋打开以拉萨地块从冈瓦纳大陆的裂离为标志。准确约束新特提斯洋的开启时间是重建冈瓦纳大陆裂解过程和特提斯洋演化历史的关键,但目前学术界对于新特提斯洋的开启时间还存在很大争议,不同学科方法的认识从早二叠世到晚三叠世不等。本文对新特提斯洋南侧印度被动大陆边缘二叠纪—三叠纪沉积地层进行了系统的梳理,研究发现在早二叠世冰期结束之后,印度大陆北缘长期表现为稳定的沉积环境,显著的沉积环境变化仅发生在晚三叠世。晚三叠世的沉积环境变化伴随着沉积和沉降速率增加、沉积物源变化、双峰式火山活动以及古地理格局的重大改变。研究认为,晚三叠世印度大陆北缘沉积作用变化所记录的区域伸展作用很可能代表了新特提斯洋的开启。  相似文献   

13.
Discovery of a middle Permian ostracod fauna in the marine Khuff Formation (Sultanate of Oman), combined with palaeobotanical data from the immediately underlying continental Gharif Formation, supports new interpretations of the palaeobiogeography of the Tethys during the late Palaeozoic. A mixed ostracod fauna existed on the Arabian platform. This new record of Permian ostracods, combined with recent data obtained in other Tethyan areas, emphasizes the close relationship between the south-western Tethys realm and South China. The macro- and microfloral assemblages of the continental Gharif Formation demonstrate that this palaeoflora represents a true mixed association in which Gondwanan, Cathaysian and Euramerian elements are intermingled. Two main models exist for the reconstruction of Pangaea during the late Palaeozoic. Both ostracods and palaeobotanical evidence favour the reduction of the oceanic area between South China and Arabian plate as in the B Pangaea model favoured by recent palaeomagnetic data.  相似文献   

14.
Present-day Asia comprises a heterogeneous collage of continental blocks, derived from the Indian–west Australian margin of eastern Gondwana, and subduction related volcanic arcs assembled by the closure of multiple Tethyan and back-arc ocean basins now represented by suture zones containing ophiolites, accretionary complexes and remnants of ocean island arcs. The Phanerozoic evolution of the region is the result of more than 400 million years of continental dispersion from Gondwana and plate tectonic convergence, collision and accretion. This involved successive dispersion of continental blocks, the northwards translation of these, and their amalgamation and accretion to form present-day Asia. Separation and northwards migration of the various continental terranes/blocks from Gondwana occurred in three phases linked with the successive opening and closure of three intervening Tethyan oceans, the Palaeo-Tethys (Devonian–Triassic), Meso-Tethys (late Early Permian–Late Cretaceous) and Ceno-Tethys (Late Triassic–Late Cretaceous). The first group of continental blocks dispersed from Gondwana in the Devonian, opening the Palaeo-Tethys behind them, and included the North China, Tarim, South China and Indochina blocks (including West Sumatra and West Burma). Remnants of the main Palaeo-Tethys ocean are now preserved within the Longmu Co-Shuanghu, Changning–Menglian, Chiang Mai/Inthanon and Bentong–Raub Suture Zones. During northwards subduction of the Palaeo-Tethys, the Sukhothai Arc was constructed on the margin of South China–Indochina and separated from those terranes by a short-lived back-arc basin now represented by the Jinghong, Nan–Uttaradit and Sra Kaeo Sutures. Concurrently, a second continental sliver or collage of blocks (Cimmerian continent) rifted and separated from northern Gondwana and the Meso-Tethys opened in the late Early Permian between these separating blocks and Gondwana. The eastern Cimmerian continent, including the South Qiangtang block and Sibumasu Terrane (including the Baoshan and Tengchong blocks of Yunnan) collided with the Sukhothai Arc and South China/Indochina in the Triassic, closing the Palaeo-Tethys. A third collage of continental blocks, including the Lhasa block, South West Borneo and East Java–West Sulawesi (now identified as the missing “Banda” and “Argoland” blocks) separated from NW Australia in the Late Triassic–Late Jurassic by opening of the Ceno-Tethys and accreted to SE Sundaland by subduction of the Meso-Tethys in the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

15.
中国西南特提斯构造演化—幔柱构造控制   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18  
基于对中国西南特提斯巨型造山系的时空结构和构造-岩浆事件分析研究提出.泥盆-石炭纪时期出现于昌都-思茅陆块两侧的热幔柱导致了金沙江洋和澜沧江洋成对打开,热幔柱岩浆作用沿洋脊产出苦橄玄武岩和洋岛玄武岩,并造成区域地球化学异常。二叠纪末期出现于昌都-思茅-印支中央陆块下的冷幔柱导致了两大洋向该陆块下俯冲消减,陆块两缘发育沟-弧-盆体系,构成冷幔柱的洋壳板片在200Ma时期堆积沉落,诱发板块后继俯冲,产生滞后型孤火山-岩浆岩。发育于冈瓦纳大陆北缘的德干热幔柱在株罗纪导致怒江洋和雅鲁藏布江洋相继打开,在白垩纪末期(66Ma)形成德干玄武岩省。发育于劳亚大陆南缘的峨眉热幔柱在二叠纪,导致峨眉火成岩省的形成,在早中三叠世使甘孜-理塘断裂带扩张成洋。冷幔柱的持续发生,决定了雅鲁藏布江洋和甘孜-理塘向昌都-思茅陆块方向的俯冲消减,以及来自冈瓦纳大陆和劳亚大陆陆块分别向昌都-思茅陆块南北两侧拚贴和碰撞。  相似文献   

16.
牛志军  吴俊 《地球科学》2015,40(2):346-356
冈瓦纳与欧亚大陆间的昌都地块构造属性存在争议,解决问题的关键是生物古地理区系判别.青海南部二叠纪类化 石群的研究表明昌都地块该生物群一直表现为暖水的特提斯型,与华南地区始终表现出更多的相似性,其生物古地理归属应 为特提斯大区华夏-特提斯区华南亚区.昌都地块南界龙木错-双湖-澜沧江缝合带在早二叠世为划分青藏高原暖水型特提 斯区的南界,不仅是华南亚区与藏北冷暖混合亚区的分界线,也是特提斯大区与冈瓦纳大区的分界线.中二叠世以后该带不再 构成大区界线,但在确定次一级分区界线上仍是一个很好的划分标志;北界金沙江缝合带二叠纪两侧生物群表现出一致性, 未形成浅海底栖生物自由迁移的障碍,不具有生物古地理分区意义.   相似文献   

17.
殷鸿福 《地质科学》1980,15(3):265-278
自板块说问世以来,大陆漂移理论获得了新的生命力,二十年来迅速发展,已经在许多学科领域内获得大量的证据。本文试图从三叠纪古生物地理和地层的角度,对其进行讨论。  相似文献   

18.
Based on studies of palaeogeography, palaeobiogeography, palaeomagnetism, geochemistry and volcanism, this paper proposes that the Zhen'an-Xichuan area was a small Early Palaeozoic block rifted away from South Qinling and suturing onto North Qinling earlier than the other parts of South Qinling. In the Early Palaeozoic Qinling was a small archipelagic ocean basin with 5 rows of islands including the Zhen'an-Xichuan block. The drifting of the Yangtze and North China plates and the islands between them in the same direction at different speeds caused their suturing process to be different from the classic plate collision, which is the major feature of the suturing of the multi-island Tethys ocean basin. This also explains the problem that the Caledonian collision did not result in orogeny in eastern Qinling.  相似文献   

19.
East and Southeast Asia comprises a complex assembly of allochthonous continental lithospheric crustal fragments (terranes) together with volcanic arcs, and other terranes of oceanic and accretionary complex origins located at the zone of convergence between the Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates. The former wide separation of Asian terranes is indicated by contrasting faunas and floras developed on adjacent terranes due to their prior geographic separation, different palaeoclimates, and biogeographic isolation. The boundaries between Asian terranes are marked by major geological discontinuities (suture zones) that represent former ocean basins that once separated them. In some cases, the ocean basins have been completely destroyed, and terrane boundaries are marked by major fault zones. In other cases, remnants of the ocean basins and of subduction/accretion complexes remain and provide valuable information on the tectonic history of the terranes, the oceans that once separated them, and timings of amalgamation and accretion. The various allochthonous crustal fragments of East Asia have been brought into close juxtaposition by geological convergent plate tectonic processes. The Gondwana-derived East Asia crustal fragments successively rifted and separated from the margin of eastern Gondwana as three elongate continental slivers in the Devonian, Early Permian and Late Triassic–Late Jurassic. As these three continental slivers separated from Gondwana, three successive ocean basins, the Palaeo-Tethys,. Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys, opened between these and Gondwana. Asian terranes progressively sutured to one another during the Palaeozoic to Cenozoic. South China and Indochina probably amalgamated in the Early Carboniferous but alternative scenarios with collision in the Permo–Triassic have been suggested. The Tarim terrane accreted to Eurasia in the Early Permian. The Sibumasu and Qiangtang terranes collided and sutured with Simao/Indochina/East Malaya in the Early–Middle Triassic and the West Sumatra terrane was transported westwards to a position outboard of Sibumasu during this collisional process. The Permo–Triassic also saw the progressive collision between South and North China (with possible extension of this collision being recognised in the Korean Peninsula) culminating in the Late Triassic. North China did not finally weld to Asia until the Late Jurassic. The Lhasa and West Burma terranes accreted to Eurasia in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and proto East and Southeast Asia had formed. Palaeogeographic reconstructions illustrating the evolution and assembly of Asian crustal fragments during the Phanerozoic are presented.  相似文献   

20.
秦岭二叠纪古海洋再造   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
杨逢清  王治平 《地球科学》1995,20(6):641-647
  相似文献   

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