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1.
地表调查发现, 沿近南北向亚东-谷露裂谷中段的安岗地堑存在地震大滑坡、多世代断层崖和断层崩积楔等多种类型的史前大地震遗迹.进一步的观测和年代分析表明: 该区的古地震滑坡体至少存在新、老两期, 其中规模最大的"尼续大滑坡体"应该是最新一次大地震所形成.该区T1到T6各阶地的形成时代从新到老分别为7.7~2.1 ka、11.0~10.5 ka、17.6~12.1 ka、25.7~22.9 ka、58.4~70.6 ka和130~150 ka, 它们沿主边界正断层的平均垂直断距依次为2.8 m、6.1~7.9 m、10.3~12.5 m、16.6~19.0 m、28.0 m和76.0 m.其中T1和T2阶地上的断崖剖面揭示, 最近两次大地震发生在距今约5.8±1.0 ka和2.4±0.2 ka.综合分析认为: 安岗地堑的大地震活动具有较明显的丛集性特征, 并且在距今约23~26 ka以来一直处于大地震活跃期, 期间的断层垂直活动速率为0.8~1.3 mm/a, 大地震的原地复发间隔大致为3.3~3.6 ka, 特征地震的矩震级为7.0~7.2, 推算整个尼木地堑群的大震复发间隔最短可能只有约1.0~1.2 ka.研究结果指示, 藏南裂谷的大地震活动性明显比藏北的近南北向正断层更显著. 相似文献
2.
Various earthquake fault types were analyzed for this study on the crust movement in the high region of the Tibetan plateau by analyzing mechanism solutions and stress fields. The results show that a lot of normal faulting type earthquakes are concentrated in the central High Tibetan plateau. Many of them are nearly perfect normal fault events. The strikes of the fault planes of normal faulting earthquakes are almost in an N-S direction based on the analyses of the Wulff stereonet diagrams of fault plane solutions. It implies that the dislocation slip vectors of the normal faulting type events have quite great components in the E-W direction. The extensions probably are an eastward extensional motion, being mainly a tectonic active regime in the plateau altitudes. The tensional stress in the E-W or NWW-SEE direction predominates earthquake occurrences in the normal event region of the central plateau. The eastward extensional motion in the high Tibetan plateau is attributable to the gravitational collapse of the high plateau and the eastward extrusion of hotter mantle materials beneath the east boundary of the plateau. Extensional motions from the relaxation of the topography and/or gravitational collapse in the high plateau hardly occurred along the N-S direction. The obstruction for the plateau to move eastward is rather weak. 相似文献
3.
Co-seismic and cumulative offsets of the recent earthquakes along the Karakax left-lateral strike-slip fault in western Tibet 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Haibing Li Jérôme Van der WoerdZhiming Sun Jialiang Si Paul Tapponnier Jiawei Pan Dongliang Liu Marie-Luce Chevalier 《Gondwana Research》2012,21(1):64-87
The 400 km-long Karakax left-lateral strike-slip fault is the westernmost segment of the Altyn Tagh fault. It separates northwestern Tibet to the south from the Tarim basin to the north. The western section of the Karakax fault exhibits clear co-seismic surface ruptures of past large earthquakes. Geomorphic offset measurements from the field and high-resolution Ikonos images along 1.5 km across the Sanshiliyingfang fan and along 55 km of the fault, range from 3 to 28 m, with distinct clusters at 6 ± 2(3), 14 ± 2, 19 ± 2 and 24 ± 3 m. The cluster of the smallest offsets around 6 m (full range from 3 to 10 m) distributed over a minimum length of 55 km, is attributed to the last largest surface rupturing event that testifies of the occurrence of a magnitude Mw 7.4-7.6 earthquake along the Karakax fault. We interpret the other offset clusters as the possible repetition of similarly sized events thus favoring a characteristic slip model for the Karakax fault. In a 3 m-deep trench dug across the active trace of the fault we can identify the main rupture strands of the last and penultimate events. The penultimate event horizon, a silty-sand layer, has been radiocarbon dated at 975-1020 AD (AMS 14C age). It is proposed that large Mw 7.4-7.6 events with co-seismic slip of about 6 m rupture the Karakax fault with a return time of about 900 years implying an average slip-rate of about 6-7 mm/years during the late Holocene. These results suggest that the Karakax fault is the largest left-lateral strike-slip fault at the rim of northwestern Tibet accommodating eastward movement of Tibet due to the India-Eurasia collision. 相似文献
4.
青藏高原东缘新构造及其对汶川地震的控制作用 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
基于卫星遥感图像解译、地形起伏度分析和地面调查资料,论述了青藏高原东缘构造地貌格局、新构造演化阶段和活动断裂特征,提出青藏高原东缘不同地块在晚新生代时期有序的向东挤出过程,并划分为4个阶段：中新世早期川滇地块向北东挤出、中新世晚期川滇地块的再次强烈向东挤出、上新世至早中更新世时期川青地块的向东挤出、晚更新世以来最新构造变动阶段,青藏高原东缘地貌边界带也经历了由西向东、由南向北的有规律的迁移过程。基于活动构造的最新研究成果和现今GPS测量成果,阐述了东昆仑岷山龙门山走滑逆冲断裂系统的运动学特征。根据地震破裂构造的实地调查,分析了汶川地震的地表破裂行为,提出了汶川地震的发震构造模型。研究认为,青藏高原东部地区NW向楔状条块向东运动速度的一半被鲜水河断裂及其北西延伸的构造带所吸收,而龙门山构造带向东运动受阻于四川盆地之下扬子刚性地块,使得龙门山断裂带处在低应变、高应力环境下,因长期应力应变累积而导致向西陡倾的断裂带突然向东逆冲运动而释放能量。汶川强震发生的深部机理值得深入研究。 相似文献
5.
东昆仑、玉树、汶川地震的发生规律和形成机理:兼论大陆地震成因与预测 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
青藏高原东北部东昆仑、汶川、玉树等强震的同震地表破裂不对称发育,伴随余震有规律地分别向东、南东和北北东方向迁移,很可能是源于恒河盆地流经亚东、当雄、安多、库赛湖、治多、玉树、甘孜、汶川的弧形下地壳“热河”的流速和流向变化形成的,下地壳热流物质正在向云南及邻区汇聚形成下地壳“热海”,导致长时间跨季度构造热干旱,其影响超过大气环流的作用。地表破裂不一定受断层控制,震源也不在断层面上,下地壳流动导致中地壳发震并进一步影响上地壳形成同震脆性破裂系统。大陆板内盆山过渡带地震密集,大陆板内地震是在下地壳层流的热动力作用下导致活动地壳分层变形的产物。在大陆盆山耦合、圈层耦合的非线性开放系统中,从大洋底部的软流圈层流进入大陆底部使得地幔软流圈加厚,底辟上升为大陆下地壳流动,为地震活动提供了巨量热能;热软化的下地壳缓慢的韧性流动孕育了大陆板内地震;中地壳韧 脆性剪切带易于积累能量,发生热能与应变能的转化,产生地震,形成震源层;上地壳脆性断层活动和地表破裂是地震释放深部能量的载体和方式之一。地壳稳定性评价的依据应当是地壳的活动性而不是断层的活动性。大陆活动构造区地震活跃期与平静期交替实际上是下地壳地震能量的聚散过程,体现在下地壳热主导的韧性流动构造与上地壳应力主导的脆性破裂构造之间的相互作用。下地壳热软化物质流动过程中流速、流向等突然改变触发地震,并产生共振波。大陆下地壳流层在厚度、温度、粘度、流速、流向上的变化产生一定程度的温度异常、流体异常及与其相关的大气层、电场、磁场、重力场、地球化学场、应力场、应变场、生物场等异常。合理布置天空网、地面网、地下网,综合立体监测有效的地震前兆,系统地开展长期、中期和短临地震预测,能够不断地提高地震预测水平。 相似文献
6.
西秦岭地区东昆仑-秦岭断裂系晚新生代左旋走滑历史及其向东扩展 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
要通过在TM遥感图像解译和野外观测的基础上,描述了东昆仑断裂带东段活动形迹的组成和活动断层地貌特征,阐述了甘南高原西秦岭地区新近纪拉分盆地的沉积-构造特征,提出了该区东昆仑-秦岭断裂系晚新生代左旋走滑伸展-走滑挤压-走滑伸展的3个阶段的构造变形模式。指出,中新世晚期至上新世早期,东昆仑-秦岭断裂系以左旋走滑伸展活动为主,伴随着西秦岭地区拉分盆地的形成和超基性火山岩群的发育。这期左旋走滑伸展活动向东扩展导致了渭河盆地新近纪引张应力方向由早期的NE-SW向转变为晚期的NW—SE向。上新世晚期以来(约3．4Ma以前),东昆仑-秦岭断裂系以左旋走滑挤压活动为主,导致早期拉分盆地的轻微褶皱变形,走滑挤压活动主要集中在东昆仑东段玛沁-玛曲主断裂带上。该期构造变动持续到早更新世,它的向东扩展产生了广泛的地壳形变效应,包括青藏东缘岷山隆起带的快速崛起、华北地区汾-渭地堑系的形成和发展以及郯庐断裂带右旋走滑活动等。中、晚更新世时期,断裂系以走滑伸展变形为主,主要集中在东昆仑断裂带东段3个分支上,地块向东挤出伴随着顺时针旋转。 相似文献
7.
华北新构造：印欧碰撞远场效应与太平洋俯冲地幔上涌之间的相互作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为大陆内部典型的伸展断陷区和强震活动区,华北地区处于东部太平洋板块俯冲构造和西部印欧大陆碰撞构造的双重大地构造背景之下,其新构造运动相当复杂:西部沿鄂尔多斯地块周缘两个地堑盆地系引张伸展断陷作用、中部太行山块体的局部断陷和整体隆升、东部华北平原区和渤海湾海域区的区域沉降,南缘沿秦岭构造带的左旋走滑拉张活动,东缘沿郯庐断裂带的右旋挤压走滑活动。这些不同类型的断裂构造在晚新生代的阶段性活动,产生了复杂的构造地貌组合特征。综合研究发现,华北晚新生代经历了3期伸展断陷-挤压隆升演化阶段:新近纪晚期(10～2.5 Ma)、早中更新世和晚更新世以来。地壳引张应力方向或NW-SE、或NE-SW向;地块隆升导致湖盆的消亡,挤压应力方向为NE-SW至W-E向。研究认为,华北地区新构造受两个岩石圈构造过程的相互影响:印欧碰撞产生的远程效应和东部岩石圈地幔的上涌。一方面,青藏高原东北缘地块的持续推挤及其构造应力向东的传递导致鄂尔多斯地块反时针旋转和秦岭山地的向东挤出逃逸,这个挤出构造动力学统治了华北地区晚新生代的引张伸展、斜张走滑和挤压变形。尤其是,新近纪晚期强烈的NW-SE向地壳伸展变形与青藏东缘挤出造山作用同步(10～9 Ma至4.2 Ma);上新世末期(约2.5 Ma)、晚更新世早期(约200～70 ka)和晚更新世晚期—全新世(约20 ka以来)3次构造挤压事件与青藏高原东缘构造事件基本对应。另一方面,岩石圈地幔上涌主导了华北东部平原区的区域地壳沉降,同时伴随着早、中更新世的5期幔源火山活动。这两个岩石圈构造作用力此消彼长,深刻统治着华北地区新构造与现今活动构造以及地震构造。 相似文献
8.
2008年5月12日,汶川Mw7.9级地震在青藏高原东缘沿龙门山逆冲断裂带中段形成了两条NE向和一条NW向逆冲走滑型地表破裂。依据同震地表陡坎形态特征,将其分为8种类型:逆断层陡坎、上盘垮塌陡坎、挤压推覆陡坎、右旋挤压推覆陡坎、断层相关褶皱陡坎、后冲挤压陡坎、上冲叠覆陡坎和局部正断层陡坎。汶川地震所形成的同震地表破裂主要由以逆冲为主的映秀破裂段和兼具逆冲、右旋走滑的北川破裂段两部分组成,这两个破裂段分别对应于Mw7.8与Mw7.6级地震事件;它们还可进一步细分为分别对应于Mw7.5、Mw7.7、Mw7.0和Mw7.5等4个次级事件的4个次级破裂段。这些次级破裂段的级联破裂可以用来解释为什么汶川地震的持续时间长达110 s。余震震源机制分析结果表明,发震断层的倾角随深度的增加而变缓,且从西南向北东逐渐变陡可以用来解释走滑分量增加的成因。此次大地震还表明,沿青藏高原东缘地形抬高的主要驱动力可能是地壳挤压缩短,而不一定是下地壳物质流动和膨胀引起上地壳的隆升。 相似文献
9.
华北克拉通破坏区是历史破坏性地震频发区,震源机制解和地震地表破裂带等反映出历史地震的发震断层为新生走滑断层,很难用地壳的伸展构造系统来合理解释.首先对1679年三河-平谷M8.0级地震的大厂隐伏凹陷西边界夏垫断裂进行高分辨率地震勘探和上盘钻孔地层进行标定,然后在河套断陷盆地带大青山南麓晚更新世湖相地层中识别出2期角度不整合面(UC1和UC2),并进行了系统测年,综合近年来活动断层比例尺填图和城市活动断层探测成果,明确指出,在华北克拉通破坏区,代表新生代早期地壳伸展运动的铲形正断层的活动性在上新世至第四纪早期逐渐减弱,到晚更新世早期基本停止活动;晚更新世中期以来大青山构造运动为华北克拉通破坏区最新一期构造运动,主要表现为区域剪切应变条件下新生走滑断层形成和扩展,并伴随相关地震活动.最新构造运动的主要动力来源于青藏高原物质东向挤出,以及其对鄂尔多斯块体西南缘强烈东向推挤作用.这些新认识对深化华北克拉通破坏区地震发震机理研究,理解板内最新变形动力学,均具有十分重要的科学价值. 相似文献
10.
大陆构造变形与地震活动——以青藏高原为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
大陆内部构造变形和地震活动往往突显出复杂的、区域性的特征,很难用板块构造理论来解释。青藏高原是大陆构造变形的典型实例,具有不同构造变形的分区特征,不仅表现在物质组成、地形地貌和断裂组合等方面的不同,而且还表现出不同的地震活动特征。东昆仑断裂带以北的青藏高原北部地块,主要发育一系列挤压环境下的盆岭构造,表现为以连续变形为特征的上地壳挤压缩短变形;高原中北部巴颜喀拉地块,具有整体向东运动的特点,变形主要集中在其边缘,表现为刚性块体运动特征。在东部,由于稳定的四川盆地(扬子地块)的阻挡,位于龙日坝和龙门山断裂带之间相对坚硬的龙门山地区受到东西向强烈挤压,西部边界为伸展变形;在高原中央腹地羌塘地块西部,由于上地壳物质在向东挤出的驱动下不断变形,沿一系列小型正断层和走滑断层以伸展变形为主,表现为弥散型变形特征。相比之下,羌塘地块的东部向东-南东方向挤出,在大型走滑断层之间形成一个刚性块体;高原南部地块以东西向伸展的南北向裂谷系为主要变形特征,高原南缘以南北向挤压的大型逆冲断裂系为特征。历史地震和仪器记录的大地震(M≥8)只发生在高原东北和东南部的大型走滑带,以及东部和南部边缘的大型逆冲断裂上,沿后者更为频发。到目前为止,高原其他地区只发生了8级以下地震。青藏高原这种分区域的地壳变形形式和地震活动分布是大陆构造变形的重要特征。 相似文献
11.
DONG Shuwen ZHANG Yueqiao WU Zhenhan YANG Nong MA Yinsheng SHI Wei CHEN Zhengle LONG Changxing AN Meijian 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5)
An earthquake of Ms 8 struck Wenchuan County,western Sichuan,China,on May 12~(th), 2008 and resulted in long surface ruptures (>300 km).The first-hand observations about the surface ruptures produced by the earthquake in the worst-hit areas of Yingxiu,Beichuan and Qingchuan, ascertained that the causative structure of the earthquake was in the central fault zones of the Longmenshan tectonic belt.Average co-seismic vertical displacements along the individual fault of the Yingxiu-Beichuan rupture zone reach 2.5-4m and the cumulative vertical displacements across the central and frontal Longmenshan fault belt is about 5-6 m.The surface rupture strength was reduced from north of Beichuan to Qingchuan County and shows 2-3 m dextral strike-slip component.The Wenchuan thrust-faulting earthquake is a manifestation of eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau under the action of continuous convergence of the Indian and Eurasian continents. 相似文献
12.
DONG Shuwen ZHANG Yueqiao WU Zhenhan YANG Nong MA Yinsheng SHI Wei CHEN Zhengle LONG Changxing AN Meijian 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5):938-948
An earthquake of Ms 8 struck Wenchuan County, western Sichuan, China, on May 12^th, 2008 and resulted in long surface ruptures （〉300 km）. The first-hand observations about the surface ruptures produced by the earthquake in the worst-hit areas of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Qingchuan, ascertained that the causative structure of the earthquake was in the central fault zones of the Longmenshan tectonic belt. Average co-seismic vertical displacements along the individual fault of the Yingxiu-Beiehuan rupture zone reach 2.514 m and the cumulative vertical displacements across the central and frontal Longmenshan fault belt is about 5-6 m. The surface rupture strength was reduced from north of Beichuan to Qingchuan County and shows 2-3 m dextral strike-slip component. The Wenchuan thrust-faulting earthquake is a manifestation of eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau under the action of continuous convergence of the Indian and Eurasian continents. 相似文献
13.
Various earthquake fault types, mechanism solutions, stress field, and other geophysical data were analyzed for study on the crust movement in the Tibetan plateau and its tectonic implications. The results show that numbers of thrust fault and strike-slip fault type earthquakes with strong compressive stress near NNE-SSW direction occurred in the edges around the plateau except the eastern boundary. Some normal faulting type earthquakes concentrate in the Central Tibetan plateau. The strikes of fault planes of thrust and strike-slip faulting earthquakes are almost in the E-W direction based on the analyses of the Wulff stereonet diagrams of fault plane solutions. This implies that the dislocation slip vectors of the thrust and strike-slip faulting type events have quite great components in the N-S direction. The compression motion mainly probably plays the tectonic active regime around the plateau edges. The compressive stress in N-S or NE-SW directions predominates earthquake occurrence in the thrust and strike-slip faulting event region around the plateau. The compressive motion around the Tibetan plateau edge is attributable to the northward motion of the Indian subcontinent plate. The northward motion of the Tibetan plateau shortened in the N-S direction encounters probably strong obstructions at the western and northern margins. 相似文献
14.
青藏铁路风火山段晚第四纪断裂活动分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地表地质调查发现,第四纪期间在风火山逆冲-褶皱构造带以发生近东西向的伸展变形为特征。在该构造带中形成切割早期近东西向挤压变形构造带、指示近东西向伸展变形、整体沿北60°东向展布的二道沟断陷盆地。断裂活动的地质、地貌证据表明,控制该盆地晚第四纪断陷的主边界断裂位于其北缘,是一条断续延伸达24 km左右、可能兼具左旋走滑性质的正断层。根据该区晚第四纪沉积物的分布和时代,并对断裂所错动的晚第四纪地质-地貌体进行初步的年代学分析,可以初步断定该断裂的晚第四纪垂直活动速率应该介于0.2~0.4 mm/a之间。 相似文献
15.
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3-4):167-208
The Denizli graben-horst system (DGHS) is located at the eastern-southeastern converging tips of three well-identified major grabens, the Gediz, the Küçük Menderes and the Büyük Menderes grabens, in the west Anatolian extensional province. It forms a structural link between these grabens and the other three NE-NW-trending grabens—the Çivril, the Ac?göl and the Burdur grabens—comprising the western limb of the Isparta Angle. Therefore, the DGHS has a critical role in the evolutionary history of continental extension and its eastward continuation in southwestern Turkey, including western Anatolia, west-central Anatolia, and the Isparta Angle. The DGHS is a 7-28-km wide, 62-km long, actively growing and very young rift developed upon metamorphic rocks of both the Menderes Massif and the Lycian nappes, and their Oligocene-Lower Miocene cover sequence. It consists of one incipient major graben, one modern major graben, two sub-grabens and two intervening sub-horsts evolved on the four palaeotectonic blocks. Therefore, the DGHS displays different trends along its length, namely, NW, E-W, NE and again E-W. The DGHS has evolved episodically rather than continuously. This is indicated by a series of evidence: (1) it contains two graben infills, the ancient graben infill and the modern graben infill, separated by an intervening angular unconformity; (2) the ancient graben infill consists of two Middle Miocene-Middle Pliocene sequences of 660 m thickness accumulated in a fluvio-lacustrine depositional setting under the control of first NNW-SSE- and later NNE-SSW-directed extension (first-stage extension), and deformed (folded and strike-slip faulted) by a NNE-SSW- to ENE-WSW-directed phase of compression in the latest Middle Pliocene, whereas the modern graben infill consists of 350-m thick, undeformed (except for local areas against the margin-bounding active faults), nearly flat-lying fanapron deposits and travertines of Plio-Quaternary age; (3) the ancient graben infill is confined not only to the interior of the graben but is also exposed well outside and farther away from the graben, whereas the modern graben infill is restricted to only the interior of the graben. These lines of evidence imply an episodic, two-stage extensional evolutionary history interrupted by an intervening compressional episode for the DGHS. Both the southern and northern margin-bounding faults of the DGHS are oblique-slip normal faults with minor right- and/or left-lateral strike-slip components. They are mapped and classified into six categories, and named the Babada?, Honaz, A?a??da?dere, Küçükmal?da?, Pamukkale and Kaleköy fault zones, and composed of 0.5-36-km long fault segments linked by a number of relay ramps. Total throw amounts accumulated on both the northern and southern margin-bounding faults are 1,050 m and 2,080 m, respectively. In addition, the maximum width of the DGHS and the thickness of the crust beneath it are more or less same (~ 28 km). The total of these values indicate a vertical slip rate of 0.15-0.14 mm/year and averaging 7% extension for the asymmetrical DGHS. The master faults of the Babada?, Honaz, Küçükmal?da?, Pamukkale and Kaleköy fault zones are still active and have a potential seismicity with magnitudes 6 or higher. This is indicated by both the historical (1703 and 1717 seismic events) to recent (1965, 1976, 2000 seismic events) earthquakes sourced from margin-bounding faults and some diagnostic morphotectonic features, such as deflected drainage system, degraded alluvial fans with apices adjacent to fault traces, back-tilting of fault-bounded blocks, and actively growing travertine occurrences. The kinematic analyses of main fault-slip-plane data, Upper Quaternary fissure ridges and focal-mechanism solutions of some destructive earthquakes clearly indicate that the current continental extension (second-stage extension) by normal faulting in the DGHS continues in a (mean) 026° to 034° (NNE-SSW) direction. Detailed and recent field geological mapping, stratigraphy of the Miocene-Quaternary basins, palaeostress analysis of fault populations and main margin-bounding faults of these basins, extensional gashes to fissures, and focal-mechanism solutions of destructive earth-quakes that have occurred in last century strongly indicate that extension is not unidirectional and confined only to western Anatolia, but also continues farther east across the Isparta Angle and west-central Anatolia, up to the Salt Lake fault zone in the east and the inönü-Eski?ehir fault zone in the north-northeast. Therefore, the term “southwest Turkey extensional province” is proposed in lieu of the term “west Anatolian extensional province”. 相似文献
16.
红河断裂带两侧地震震源机制及构造意义 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
红河断裂带是一条大型的走滑断裂带。根据印支半岛前新生代的古地块与华南地块的接触关系 ,将红河断裂带海陆部分分为两段。断裂带自第三纪以来 ,经历了左旋运动、右旋运动 ,南北两段的活动性有一定的差异。根据断裂带两侧地震和震源机制解分析 ,震源深度 0～ 33km的地震在整个区域密集分布 ,较深的地震分布在断裂的北东侧。断裂带西北部断裂活动方式为逆冲型 ,北部为正断型 ,南部为走滑型 ,其它地方为奇异型 ,也即是逆冲型、正断型、走滑型 3种方式的过渡类型 ,反映了红河断裂带及其周围地区受到来自北北西向的推挤力和北东东向的正压力的联合作用 ,使受力区的断裂发生挤压逆冲、水平走滑和拉张正断运动。 相似文献
17.
The western and southwestern parts of the Argentine Precordillera display complex geometries which are not consistent with those of a typical high-level fold-and-thrust belt. They are the result of a polyphase structural evolution which spans the Early Paleozoic to Late Tertiary period. After an Early Paleozoic folding and shearing event under a greenschist facies metamorphism, uplift, erosion, and deposition of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian clastics were accompanied by extensional faulting. This was followed by a Permian folding and faulting event which led to a partial inversion of the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian graben fill. Permian to Triassic crustal extension was combined with block faulting and the deposition of a thick volcanic sequence. The subsequent Late Tertiary crustal shortening partly reactivated older fault lines. Excluding folds, a few thrusts, and reverse faults, the crustal shortening within the older blocks was accommodated by a dominant sinistral strike-slip faulting under a W-E compressive regime. Above a major décollement, the entire sequence of faulted and folded blocks was carried from west to east towards its present position. The regional situation indicates that this southern part of the orogen was transferred further to the east with respect to the central thin-skinned parts. The movements are interpreted to be related to an important thrust fault which obliquely cuts through the fold-and-thrust belt. 相似文献
18.
Characterising youthful strike-slip fault systems within transtensional regimes is often complicated by the presence of tectonic geomorphic features produced by normal faulting associated with oblique extension. The Petersen Mountain fault in the northern Walker Lane tectonic province exhibits evidence of both normal and strike-slip faulting. We present the results of geologic and geomorphic mapping, and palaeoseismic trenching that characterise the fault's style and sense of deformation. The fault consists of two major traces. The western trace displaces colluvial, landslide, and middle to late Pleistocene alluvial fans and is associated with aligned range front saddles, linear drainages, and oversteepened range front slopes. The eastern trace is associated with a low linear bedrock ridge, a narrow graben, right deflected stream channels, and scarps in late Pleistocene alluvial fan deposits. A trench on the eastern trace of the fault exposed a clear juxtaposition of disintegrated granodiorite bedrock against sand and boulder alluvial fan deposits across a steeply east-dipping fault. The stratigraphic evidence supports the occurrence of at least one late Pleistocene earthquake with a component of lateral displacement. As such, the Petersen Mountain fault accommodates part of the ~7 mm/yr of dextral shear distributed across the northern Walker Lane. 相似文献
19.
2008年汶川地震(Mw 7.9)同震滑移结果表明,今地壳缩短为近EW向,与龙门山褶皱冲断带斜交。这一斜向逆冲作用的准确起始时间一直未得到很好的约束。基于龙门山南段山前大邑背斜区三维地震解释和构造建模,结合野外地质调查和年代学数据,确定了晚新生代存在NE向和近NS向2期构造变形。120km长的NS向构造切割了NE向构造,表明近NS向构造形成时间较晚。山前大邑和邛西背斜区近NS向断层和褶皱的活动,均反映了龙门山南段局部或区域上水平最大主应力方向的转换过程,渐新世—早上新世的NW—SE向转变为晚上新世—全新世的近EW向。龙门山南段山前发育的NS向构造和汶川地震同震变形均反映出青藏高原东缘最新的EW向地壳缩短过程,为理解青藏高原东缘的隆升机制提供了新的视角。 相似文献
20.
Miocene Tectonic Evolution from Dextral-Slip Thrusting to Extension in the Nyainqentanglha Region of the Tibetan Plateau 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4 
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下载免费PDF全文 WU Zhenhan Patrick J. BAROSH ZHAO Xun WU Zhonghai HU Daogong LIU Qisheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(3):365-384
Dextral-slip in the Nyainqentangiha region of Tibet resulted in oblique underthrusting and granite generation in the Early to Middle Miocene, but by the end of the epoch uplift and extensional faulting dominated. The east-west dextral-slip Gangdise fault system merges eastward into the northeast-trending, southeast-dipping Nyainqentangiha thrust system that swings eastward farther north into the dextral-slip North Damxung shear zone and Jiali faults. These faults were took shape by the Early Miocene, and the large Nyainqentangiha granitic batholith formed along the thrust system in 18.3-11.0 Ma as the western block drove under the eastern one. The dextral-slip movement ended at -11 Ma and the batholith rose, as marked by gravitational shearing at 8.6-8.3 Ma, and a new fault system developed. Northwest-trending dextral-slip faults formed to the northwest of the raisen batholith, whereas the northeast-trending South Damxung thrust faults with some sinistral-slip formed to the southeast. The latter are replaced farther to the east by the west-northwest-trending Lhunzhub thrust faults with dextral-slip. This relatively local uplift that left adjacent Eocene and Miocene deposits preserved was followed by a regional uplift and the initiation of a system of generally north-south grabens in the Late Miocene at -6.5 Ma. The regional uplift of the southern Tibetan Plateau thus appears to have occurred between 8.3 Ma and 6.5 Ma. The Gulu, Damxung-Yangbajain and Angan graben systems that pass east of the Nyainqentangiha Mountains are locally controlled by the earlier northeast-trending faults. These grabens dominate the subsequent tectonic movement and are still very active as northwest-trending dextral-slip faults northwest of the mountains. The Miocene is a time of great tectonic change that ushered in the modern tectonic regime. 相似文献