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1.
苏鲁造山带中胡家林超镁铁质岩岩石地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏鲁造山带中胡家林超镁铁质岩地块主要由两部分组成:南部滑石山以蛇纹岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩为主,夹薄层状石榴橄辉岩-(石榴)单斜辉石岩;北部胡家林主要由(石榴)单斜辉石岩组成,夹厚层状蛇纹岩。蛇纹岩-蛇纹石化橄榄岩低Al2O3、低Ca O和高Mg O,REE含量低,但LREE稍富集。石榴橄辉岩和(石榴)单斜辉石岩低Mg O和Ca O,高REE含量高,其稀土配分曲线均表现出单斜辉石单矿物的配分特征。这些超镁铁岩块中不同岩石的微量元素均具有Pb的正异常,弱的Nb、Ta的负异常,显示地壳流体交代信息。Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征显示存在亏损地幔与地壳之间的混合作用。亲石元素含量最低的蛇纹石化石榴橄辉岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成受交代流体控制明显,而石榴橄辉岩和(石榴)单斜辉石岩不明显。胡家林和滑石山超镁铁岩中所含的交代地壳成分不同,胡家林样品受到含水熔体和富水流体的双重交代,滑石山样品主要受富水流体的交代。 相似文献
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3.
新疆天山地区榆树沟-铜花山蛇绿岩特征和构造背景 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
榆树沟-铜花山蛇绿岩出露于南天山北缘,属哈萨克斯坦-伊犁板块和塔里木板块之间的缝合带。蛇绿岩已被构造肢解,主要由超镁铁岩、堆晶岩、熔岩类组成。超镁铁岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,显示典型的亏损地幔岩特征,橄榄石为富镁型,Fo为90;斜方辉石为顽火辉石,En为90,单斜辉石含量少;副矿物铬尖晶石属低铬型,Cr#值(＝Cr/(Cr+Al)×100)16~28,Mg#值(=Mg/(Mg+Fe)×100)63~75,反映了深海橄榄岩特征。归一化后榆树沟超镁铁岩MgO含量38.84%~44.53%,Al2O3为1.51%~3.63%,CaO为0.42%~5.77%,成分近于大洋二辉橄榄岩;铜花山的超镁铁岩叠加碳酸岩化,LREE强烈富集,可能经历了俯冲洋壳流体改造。熔岩类在榆树沟和铜花山均有较大规模产出,其中榆树沟玄武岩为主,铜花山安山岩和英安岩较多。熔岩多已遭受绿片岩相海底热液蚀变。榆树沟玄武岩的REE含量总体比铜花山的低,稀土配分模式均为轻稀土富集型;玄武岩的微量元素特征表明其源区可能遭受过流体作用影响。铜花山三个高镁火山岩化学成份具有SiO2(32%~36%)含量很低、MgO(20.12%~28.50%)含量高、K2O+Na2O(0.06%~0.46%)含量小于2%的特征,综合分析可归为苦橄岩类。堆晶岩通常以构造小岩块产在超镁铁岩块中或基性熔岩中,以辉长岩为主,有少量橄榄辉石岩等,岩石蚀变、构造变形强烈。堆晶岩的成分接近玄武岩,存在LREE富集和略亏损平坦两种类型。岩石地球化学特征表明榆树沟和铜花山的蛇绿岩形成于MOR构造环境,但具有受俯冲带流体改造特征,并伴生有岛弧火山岩。 相似文献
4.
《地质与勘探》2015,(2)
尕秀雅平东含铜镍硫化物镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于柴达木地块北缘,主要由蛇纹石化纯橄岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩、辉长岩及斜长岩组成,侵位于古元古代达肯大坂岩群。本文对组成岩体的4件橄榄辉石岩样品和3件含矿岩石样品进行铂族元素分析,其∑PGE=8.82×10-9~84.8×10-9,原始地幔标准化配分曲线均呈左倾型式。利用Ni/Cu、Pd/Ir等相关参数确定原生岩浆为高镁玄武质岩浆,而低程度的地幔部分熔融作用是导致PPGE与IPGE强烈分异及Ru亏损的主要原因。岩体在形成过程中有一定程度地壳物质的混染作用,但早期硫化物的熔离作用不明显。同时,PGE元素间的协变关系显示热液蚀变作用对全岩PGE丰度影响不大。 相似文献
5.
尕秀雅平东含铜镍硫化物镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于柴达木地块北缘,主要由蛇纹石化纯橄岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩、辉长岩及斜长岩组成,侵位于古元古代达肯大坂岩群。本文对组成岩体的4件橄榄辉石岩样品和3件含矿岩石样品进行铂族元素分析,其∑PGE=8.82×10-9~84.8×10-9,原始地幔标准化配分曲线均呈左倾型式。利用Ni/Cu、Pd/Ir等相关参数确定原生岩浆为高镁玄武质岩浆,而低程度的地幔部分熔融作用是导致PPGE与IPGE强烈分异及Ru亏损的主要原因。岩体在形成过程中有一定程度地壳物质的混染作用,但早期硫化物的熔离作用不明显。同时,PGE元素间的协变关系显示热液蚀变作用对全岩PGE丰度影响不大。 相似文献
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华北克拉通,扬子克拉通与秦岭造山带古地幔组成… 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
经研究，华北克拉通古地幔以含石榴石的二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩及纯橄榄岩为主，地我代作用强烈，岩石富集不相容元素，明显高于南非及西澳克拉通者，扬子克拉通古地幔主元素亏损程度差，并代作用较弱。岩石为榴石／尖晶石二辉橄榄岩，秦岭造山带壳、幔交界带的岩石类型复杂，包括蛇纹石化尖晶石二辉橄榄石（蛇纹岩）、石榴石辉石岩、榴闪岩、变辉长岩及变玄武岩等，蛇纹岩受强的塑性流变，剪切有结构发育，与克拉通相比，地幔交代作 相似文献
7.
通过对出露在康古尔韧性剪切带西段的色尔特能超镁铁岩的野外地质调查和岩石学、岩石地球化学方面的分析研究工作,结果显示：色尔特能超镁铁岩发生了强烈蛇纹石化,基本蚀变成蛇纹岩;岩石主量元素具高Mg （w（MgO）=36.15%~37.96%）、高Cr （w（Cr2O3）=0.32%~0.36%）、高Ni （w（NiO）=0.17%~0.21%）、低Si （w（SiO2）=40.50%~41.92%）、贫Al （w（Al2O3）=1.19%~1.77%）、低Fe （w（TFeO）=6.98%~7.87%）特征,Mg#值为94.71~97.73,m/f值为8.03~9.42,属于典型镁质超镁铁岩,推测原岩为斜方辉石橄榄岩;稀土元素总量w（ΣREE）=1.44×10-6~2.92×10-6,配分模式为轻稀土微弱富集近平坦型,w（La）N/w（Yb）N=3.09~5.49,具一定程度的负Eu异常（δEu=0.48~1.09）和负Ce异常（δCe=0.53~0.60）;微量元素富集Ba、U、Ta,亏损Nb、Ti。色尔特能超镁铁岩属变质橄榄岩,是SSZ型蛇绿岩的底部组成单元,由原始地幔经2%~10%部分熔融形成的亏损地幔岩,其形成于俯冲带环境中的洋内弧后盆地。 相似文献
8.
东天山造山带的图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体为一个早古生代长期活动的幔源岩浆通道，大型铜镍钴硫化物矿体赋存于Ⅰ号超镁铁质岩体的顶部，不同类型岩石中辉石矿物的流体挥发份化学组成以H2O为主（平均91%，5400.4mm3/g），其次为H2（2.0%）、H2S（2.3%）和CO2（2.1%）；赋矿角闪橄榄岩中CO2和H2S含量最高，辉长岩中流体挥发份含量低于辉石橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩等岩浆早期结晶的岩石。CO2和CH4的δ13C值位于地壳与甲烷氧化的范围内，甲烷同系物的碳同位素组成具有正序分布模式，部分样品（TLG512）释出的CH4和C2H6具有较重的δ13C值和反序分布特征。表明I号岩体不同类型岩石可能是不同期次岩浆活动的产物，成矿岩浆具有富H2O和H2S的特征，可能起源于被流体交代的亏损地幔源区，混染壳源组分可能为俯冲板片来源蚀变沉积有机质组分。 相似文献
9.
西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩中的白云石大理岩和石榴角闪岩：早古生代残余洋壳深俯冲的证据 总被引：17，自引：11，他引：6
本文在描述达拉布特和克拉玛依蛇绿岩中四个典型剖面(达拉布特、萨尔托海、白碱滩和百口泉)的基础上,通过研究变白云石大理岩和石榴角闪岩的形成和演化过程,展示西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩的复杂性。白碱滩白云石大理岩是尖晶石二辉橄榄岩变质反应的产物。变质反应导致单斜辉石转变为白云石+石英+磁铁矿,橄榄石和斜方辉石先转变为蛇纹石+磁铁矿,蛇纹石再转变为白云石+石英+磁铁矿。透辉石+CO2=白云石+石英+磁铁矿以及蛇纹石+CaCO3=白云石+石英 +磁铁矿+H2O这两个变质反应基本同时发生,他们以及石英—柯石英相变关系所限定的P-T空间(660~670℃,26.5~27.5 kbar)代表白云石大理岩的形成温度和压力。白云石大理岩与尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在一个不大的区域共存,说明循环到地球深部的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩(即：白云石大理岩的原岩)折返到地壳浅部后又与蛇绿岩中未俯冲的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩混杂在一起。因此,克拉玛依蛇绿混杂岩代表古俯冲带的位置。变辉长岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩中的单斜辉石均发育出溶结构(出溶尖晶石和斜方辉石)。这些出溶结构是蛇绿岩快速上升就位时由于温度和压力突然降低辉石发生分解反应的产物。因此,西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩中的岩石组合记录着蛇绿岩形成时期、以及之后部分岩块通过俯冲带循环到地幔深处(最大深度~70km)并折返到地壳浅部的全过程。西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩带是一个多时期、多阶段和多成因岩石的混杂体。 相似文献
10.
新疆库鲁克塔格地区兴地Ⅱ号镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的地球化学特征与岩石成因 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
兴地Ⅱ号镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于塔里木盆地东北缘的库鲁克塔格地区,形态为不规则的漏斗状岩盆,出露面积约10km2。岩石类型主要有方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、(含长)单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、方辉辉石岩、二辉辉石岩、单辉辉石岩、橄榄辉长苏长岩、辉长苏长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉长岩等,岩石类型属拉斑玄武岩系列。岩体的稀土元素含量低(∑REE=10.73×10-6~77.44×10-6),富集轻稀土元素(La/Yb)N=4.06~7.73和大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Sr、Ba),亏损高场强元素尤其是Nb、Ta、Ti、P等,δEu为0.90~2.46多数岩石显示出正铕异常。岩相学及地球化学特征表明,岩浆运移过程中主要发生了橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石的分离结晶作用以及斜长石的聚集/堆晶。原生岩浆为富镁拉斑玄武岩,岩浆源区为富集型岩石圈地幔,岩浆上升侵位过程中局部遭受了陆壳的同化混染。兴地Ⅱ号岩体与金川岩体具有很多的相似之处,而且兴地Ⅱ号岩体已见有铜镍矿化。因此,兴地Ⅱ号岩体具有很好的找矿前景。 相似文献
11.
超基性岩的地质过程提供了地幔岩在造山带形成过程中所作的贡献,并记录了地质构造以及壳-幔之间相互作用的信息。根据现有的研究,可将俯冲带橄榄岩大致分为陆下地幔橄榄岩、基性-超基性堆晶杂岩和大洋地幔橄榄岩。文中简要评述了不同类型造山带橄榄岩的岩石学和地球化学特征。不同类型的橄榄岩所经历的地质历史不同,而留有不同的岩石学和地球化学特征。大多数造山带橄榄岩经历了高压-超高压变质作用,并受到蛇纹岩化等多期次流体和融体的交代作用,因而俯冲造山带的辉石岩和橄榄岩无论在岩石学的组成、结构和地球化学等特征方面通常表现得复杂多变。 相似文献
12.
辉石岩有三种不同的成因：（1）堆晶成因（Ⅰ类辉石岩） ;（2）再循环洋壳变质成因（Ⅱ类辉石岩） ;（3）交代成
因。 I 类辉石岩由橄榄岩部分熔融产生的熔体在岩浆通道内上升过程中,在1.5~2.5 GPa 压力范围内结晶形成。常具有堆晶
结构或火成结构,在 CaO/MgO-SiO2/MgO 图解中无明显的线性关系,无Eu 异常,其 Sr-Nd-O 同位素组成与幔源岩浆相似。
II 类辉石岩多数为再循环洋壳的变质产物,常具变晶结构,在CaO/MgO-SiO2/MgO 图解中形成明显的线性关系,具Eu 正异常,
其εNd 值与MORB 相似,而Sr 同位素比值变化范围大;其O 同位素组成与原岩有关,如原岩是洋壳下部,δ18O < 地幔值;
如原岩是洋壳上部,则δ18O > 地幔值。交代成因辉石岩是熔体- 橄榄岩相互反应的结果,常被方辉橄榄岩或纯橄岩包围,
矿物种类相对其他两类辉石岩单一,在CaO/MgO-SiO2/MgO 图解中较分散,其εNd 值较II 类辉石岩低,而Sr 同位素比值变
化较小,δ18O 值低于、高于、近似于地幔值都存在。再循环洋壳在俯冲到地幔深部和随超基性岩体上升的过程中由流体萃
取作用和部分熔融作用形成化学成分丰富的流体和熔体,这些熔/ 流体或交代围岩橄榄岩将其转化为辉石岩,或直接高压
结晶形成辉石岩,或者由洋壳变质形成的榴辉岩经退变质形成Ⅱ类辉石岩。上述过程导致了在同一超基性岩体中各类成分、
成因不同辉石岩共存的现象。 相似文献
13.
We found extremely high-Mg# (=Mg/(Mg + total Fe) atomic ratio) ultramafic rocks in Avacha peridotite suite. All the high-Mg#
rocks have higher modal amounts of clinopyroxene than ordinary Avacha peridotite xenoliths, and their lithology is characteristically
heterogeneous, varying from clinopyroxenite through olivine websterite to pyroxene-bearing dunite. The Mg# of minerals is
up to 0.99, 0.98 and 0.97 in clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and olivine, respectively, decreasing progressively toward contact
with dunitic part, if any. The petrographical feature of pyroxenes in the high-Mg# pyroxenite indicates their metasomatic
origin, and high LREE/HREE ratio of the metasomatic clinopyroxene implies that the pyroxenites are the products of reaction
between dunitic peridotites and high-Ca, silicate-rich fluids. The lithological variation of the Avacha high-Mg# pyroxenites
from clinopyroxenite to olivine websterite resulted from various degrees of fluid-rock reaction coupled with fractional crystallization
of the high-Ca fluids, which started by precipitation of high-Mg# clinopyroxene. Such fluids were possibly generated originally
at a highly reduced serpentinized peridotite layer above the subducting slab. The fluids can reach the uppermost mantle along
a shear zone as a conduit composed of fine-grained peridotite that developed after continent-ward asthenospheric retreats
from the mantle wedge beneath the volcanic front. The fluids are incorporated in mantle partial melts when the magmatism is
activated by expansion of asthenosphere to mantle wedge beneath the volcanic front. 相似文献
14.
大别山北麓尖晶石橄榄岩中石榴辉石岩包体的成因矿物学信息 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
大别山北坡霍山饶拔寨等地的超基性岩中含有石榴辉石岩的包体。石榴辉石岩为草绿色致密块状 ,呈分米级的块体出现于蛇纹石化强烈的橄榄岩中。运用成因矿物学的方法 ,研究对比了石榴辉石岩的主要矿物组成石榴子石 ( Prp2 5— 3 5 )和钠质普通辉石 ( Jd1 0— 2 5 )等。岩石结构显示退变质作用有两期 :榴辉岩相退变形成的麻粒岩相矿物组合明显地被角闪岩相所切割。石榴辉石岩的寄主岩是尖晶石橄榄岩类 ,包括尖晶石方辉橄榄岩和尖晶石二辉橄榄岩。由于强烈的蛇纹石化 ,残余的橄榄石 ( Fo92— 93 )仅占 5%～ 4 0 % ,斜方辉石富镁 ( En87— 93)并有解理弯曲等韧性变形现象。采用 Ellisand Green的石榴子石单斜辉石 Fe-Mg交换平衡温度计 ,可计算出石榴辉石岩的 Fe-Mg分配系数 ( KD)为 4 .0 6～ 5.2 8。变质温度 t=84 1～ 94 3℃ ,估算压力 p=1 .5GPa,可以推测该橄榄岩体是从深度约 60 km的地幔 ,固态侵位于下地壳 ,而后与之一起隆升到地表。显然 ,此种石榴辉石岩应属 Coleman所划分的 A型榴辉岩 ,它与地幔岩浆作用有密切关系。石榴辉石岩和橄榄岩的岩石化学特征和稀土配分形式 ,说明它们的化学性质相当于地幔部分熔融所形成的玄武岩熔体及其残留体。在侧重探讨石榴辉石岩及其有关岩石中主要造岩矿物的成因矿物? 相似文献
15.
Chao-Nan Hu 《International Geology Review》2018,60(9):1073-1097
The northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) was an active convergent margin during Palaeozoic and preserves important imprints of magmatic and metasomatic processes associated with oceanic plate subduction. Here, we investigate the mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Xiahabaqin–Sandaogou complexes from the northern NCC including pyroxenite, hornblendites, hornblende gabbro, and their rodingitized counterparts within a serpentinite domain. We present petrological, zircon U–Pb geochronological, and geochemical data to constrain the nature and timing of the magmatic and metasomatic processes in the subduction zone mantle wedge. The rock suites investigated in this study are characterized by low contents of SiO2, Na2O, and K2O, with high CaO, FeO, Fe2O3, and MgO. The rodingitized rocks show markedly high CaO and lower MgO compared to their ultramafic protolith, suggesting extensive post-magmatic infiltration of Ca-rich, Si-poor fluids derived by serpentinization of mantle peridotite. The enrichment of large ion lithophile and light rare earth elements such as Ba, Sr, K, La, and Ce with relative depletion of high field strength elements like Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf in the ultramafic rocks collectively suggest metasomatism of a fore-arc mantle wedge by fluids released through dehydration of subducted oceanic slab and subduction-derived sediments. Dehydration and decarbonation leading to metasomatic fluid influx and serpentinization of mantle wedge peridotite account for the enriched geochemical signatures for the rodingitized rocks. The zircon grains in these rocks show textures indicating magmatic crystallization followed by fluid-controlled dissolution–precipitation. Magmatic zircons from altered pyroxenite, hornblendite, and rodingitized pyroxenite in Xiahabaqin yield protolith crystallization ages peaks at 396 Ma and 392 Ma and metasomatic grains show ages of 386 Ma, 378 Ma, and 348 Ma. The zircons from hornblendite and basaltic trachyandesite indicate protolith emplacement during 402–388 Ma. Metasomatic zircon grains from rodingitized hornblende gabbro in Sandaogou complex show a wide range of ages as 412 Ma, 398 Ma, 383 Ma, and 380 Ma. The common magmatic zircon ages peaks at 398–388 Ma in most of the rocks suggest a similar time for magma crystallization in the Xiahabaqin and Baiqi during Middle Devonian. Subsequently, repeated pulses fluids and melts resulted in metasomatic reactions in mantle wedge until early Permian. The Lu–Hf analysis of the zircon grains from these rocks display markedly negative εHf(t) values ranging from ?22.4 to ?7.7, suggesting magma derivation from an enriched, hydrated lithospheric mantle through fluid–rock interaction and mantle wedge metasomatism. Rodingitization processes are associated with exhumation of ultramafic mantle wedge rocks within a serpentinized subduction channel close to the subducted slab in response to slab roll back in a long-lasting subduction regime. This study offers insights into magmatic and metasomatic processes of ultramafic rocks in the fore-arc mantle wedge which were exhumed and accreted to an active continental margin during the southward subduction of the Palaeo-Asian oceanic lithosphere beneath the NCC. 相似文献
16.
M. K. Azer M. D. Samuel K. A. Ali H. A. Gahlan R. J. Stern M. Ren H. E. Moussa 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,107(5):829-848
The Wadi Allaqi ophiolite along the Egyptian-Sudanese border defines the southernmost ophiolitic assemblage and suture zone in the Eastern Desert. Ophiolite assemblages comprise nappes composed mainly of mafic and ultramafic rocks that were tectonically emplaced and replaced by serpentine and carbonates along shear zones probably due to CO2-metasomatism. Serpentinites, altered slices of the upper mantle, represent a distinctive lithology of dismembered ophiolites of the western YOSHGAH suture. Microscopically, they are composed of more than 90 % serpentine minerals with minor opaque minerals, carbonate, brucite and talc. The mineral chemistry and whole-rock chemical data reported here indicate that the serpentinized peridotites formed as highly-depleted mantle residues. They show compositions consistent with formation in a suprasubduction zone environment. They are depleted in Al2O3 and CaO similar to those in fore-arc peridotites. Also, high Cr# (Cr/ (Cr+Al)) in the relict chrome spinels (average ~0.72) indicates that these are residual after extensive partial melting, similar to spinels in modern fore-arc peridotites. Therefore, the studied serpentinites represent fragments of an oceanic lithosphere that formed in a fore-arc environment, which belongs to an ophiolitic mantle sequence formed in a suprasubduction zone. 相似文献
17.
Petrochemical constraints for dual origin of garnet peridotites from the Dabie-Sulu UHP terrane, eastern-central China 总被引：44，自引：3，他引：41
Garnet peridotites occur as lenses, blocks or layers within granulite–amphibolite facies gneiss in the Dabie-Sulu ultra-high-pressure (UHP) terrane and contain coesite-bearing eclogite. Two distinct types of garnet peridotite were identified based on mode of occurrence and petrochemical characteristics. Type A mantle-derived peridotites originated from either: (1) the mantle wedge above a subduction zone, (2) the footwall mantle of the subducted slab, or (3) were ancient mantle fragments emplaced at crustal depths prior to UHP metamorphism, whereas type B crustal peridotite and pyroxenite are a portion of mafic–ultramafic complexes that were intruded into the continental crust as magmas prior to subduction. Most type A peridotites were derived from a depleted mantle and exhibit petrochemical characteristics of mantle rocks; however, Sr and Nd isotope compositions of some peridotites have been modified by crustal contamination during subduction and/or exhumation. Type B peridotite and pyroxenite show cumulate structure, and some have experienced crustal metasomatism and contamination documented by high 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios (0.707–0.708), low εNd ( t ) values (−6 to −9) and low δ18 O values of minerals (+2.92 to +4.52). Garnet peridotites of both types experienced multi-stage recrystallization; some of them record prograde histories. High- P–T estimates (760–970 °C and 4.0–6.5±0.2 GPa) of peak metamorphism indicate that both mantle-derived and crustal ultramafic rocks were subducted to profound depths >100 km (the deepest may be ≥180–200 km) and experienced UHP metamorphism in a subduction zone with an extremely low geothermal gradient of <5 °C km−1 . 相似文献
18.
Summary The Shillong Plateau of northeastern India hosts four Early Cretaceous (105–107Ma) ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complexes (UACC), which have been associated with the Kerguelen plume igneous activity. Petrological and geochemical characteristics of one of these UACC, the Sung Valley, are presented. The Sung Valley UACC was emplaced in to the Proterozoic Shillong Group of rocks and consists of ultramafics (serpentinized peridotite, pyroxenite, and melilitolite), alkaline rocks (ijolite and nepheline syenite), and carbonatites. Serpentinized peridotite, pyroxenite, and ijolitic rocks form the major part of the complex, the others constitute less than 5% of the total volume. Ijolite and melilitolite intrude peridotite and pyroxenite, while nepheline syenite and carbonatite intrude the ultramafic rocks as well as ijolite. Mineralogically, the carbonatites are classified as calcite carbonatite with minor apatite, phlogopite, pyrochlore and ilmenite. The serpentinized peridotites are wehrlitic. Chemical compositions of the silicate rocks do not show a distinct co-genetic relationship amongst them, nor do they show any geochemical relationships with the carbonatites. No noticeable fractionation trend is observed on the chemical variation diagrams of these rocks. It is difficult to establish the genetic evolution of the Sung Valley UACC through fractional crystallization of nephelinitic magma or through immiscible liquids. On the basis of petrological and geochemical data and previously published isotopic results from these rocks, it is suggested that they have been derived from a primary carbonate magma generated by the low-degree melting of a metasomatized mantle peridotite. 相似文献
19.
Ultramafic xenoliths were found in recent alkali basalts from São Tomé Island. These include spinel peridotites (lherzolites, harzburgites and dunites) and pyroxenites (orthopyroxenites and clinopyroxenites). Textures and mineral compositions indicate that pyroxenites originated from crystal/liquid separation processes operating on magmas similar to those giving rise to their present host rocks whereas spinel peridotite xenoliths had an accidental origin; Fo (>89) and Ni (>0.36 wt.%) contents in olivines, Mg# (91–95) of orthopyroxenes and low Ti in clinopyroxene (primary crystals: TiO2<0.06 wt.%) and in spinel (TiO2<0.1 wt.%) are within the range reported for abyssal peridotites, indicating São Tomé spinel peridotites represent refractory residues of melting. Nevertheless, the lack of correlation between mineral chemistry and modal composition suggests that spinel peridotite xenoliths are not simple residues and were affected by infiltration of fluid/melts within the mantle. The wide temperature range obtained for spinel peridotites (700 to >1150 °C) is compatible with a long period of pre-entrainment cooling supporting Fitton's [Tectonophysics 94 (1983) 473] hypothesis that proposes oceanic lithosphere uprising in the Cameroon Volcanic Line prior to the initiation of the current thermal regime, related to São Tomé magmatism. The association of upper mantle (peridotite) xenoliths with igneous cumulates (pyroxenites) suggests that the spinel peridotite suite originated in the uppermost mantle above the São Tomé magma storage zone(s), probably in a region of high strain rate, near the boundary between the mantle and the overlying oceanic crust. 相似文献
20.
David van Acken Harry Becker William F. McDonough Richard D. Ash 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(2):661-6182
Pyroxenitic layers are a minor constituent of ultramafic mantle massifs, but are considered important for basalt generation and mantle refertilization. Mafic spinel websterite and garnet-spinel clinopyroxenite layers within Jurassic ocean floor peridotites from the Totalp ultramafic massif (eastern Swiss Alps) were analyzed for their highly siderophile element (HSE) and Os isotope composition.Aluminum-poor pyroxenites (websterites) display chondritic to suprachondritic initial γOs (160 Ma) of −2 to +27. Osmium, Ir and Ru abundances are depleted in websterites relative to the associated peridotites and to mantle lherzolites worldwide, but relative abundances (Os/Ir, Ru/Ir) are similar. Conversely, Pt/Ir, Pd/Ir and Re/Ir are elevated.Aluminum-rich pyroxenites (clinopyroxenites) are characterized by highly radiogenic 187Os/188Os with initial γOs (160 Ma) between +20 and +1700. Their HSE composition is similar to that of basalts, as they are more depleted in Os, Ir and Ru compared to Totalp websterites, along with even higher Pt/Ir, Pd/Ir and Re/Ir. The data are most consistent with multiple episodes of reaction of mafic pyroxenite precursor melts with surrounding peridotites, with the highest degree of interaction recorded in the websterites, which typically occur in direct contact to peridotites. Clinopyroxenites, in contrast, represent melt-dominated systems, which retained the precursor melt characteristics to a large extent. The melts may have been derived from a sublithospheric mantle source with high Pd/Ir, Pt/Ir and Re/Os, coupled with highly radiogenic 187Os/188Os compositions. Modeling indicates that partial melting of subducted, old oceanic crust in the asthenosphere could be a possible source for such melts.Pentlandite and godlevskite are identified in both types of pyroxenites as the predominant sulfide minerals and HSE carriers. Heterogeneous HSE abundances within these sulfide grains likely reflect subsolidus processes. In contrast, large grain-to-grain variations, and correlated variations of HSE ratios, indicate chemical disequilibrium under high-temperature conditions. This likely reflects multiple events of melt-rock interaction and sulfide precipitation. Notably, sulfides from the same thick section for the pyroxenites may display both residual-peridotite and melt-like HSE signatures. Because Totalp pyroxenites are enriched in Pt and Re, and depleted in Os, they will develop excess radiogenic 187Os and 186Os, compared to ambient mantle. These enrichments, however, do not possess the requisite Pt-Re-Os composition to account for the coupled suprachondritic 186Os-187Os signatures observed in some Hawaiian picrites, Gorgona komatiites, or the Siberian plume. 相似文献