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1.
土地整理对岩溶区土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响——以重庆丰都县三坝乡为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
文章以重庆市丰都县三坝乡土地整理项目为例,分别对土地整理前（2012年12月）52个采集点和土地整理后（2013年3月）28个采集点,采用野外采样和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了土地整理对岩溶区土壤微生物群落结构、土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、氮(SMBN)及酶活性(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶)的影响,结果表明:（1）土地整理对土壤微生物影响显著,土地整理后比整理前土壤中的放线菌数量降低,真菌数量增加。（2）在0～20 cm土层,整理前后SMBC和SMBN含量变化显著,SMBC含量整理后比整理前降低了20.33%,SMBN含量整理后比整理前减少了47.84%;土地整理改变了整理前SMBC、SMBN含量随土层深度变化递减的规律,使SMBC、SMBN含量分别在亚表层（20～40 cm）出现最小值68.34 mg/kg和最大值33.58 mg/kg。（3）整理前后土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶均在0～20 cm和20～40 cm同一土层差异显著,蔗糖酶活性在各土层差异均显著。土地整理使土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低,蔗糖酶活性提高。（4）有机质对表层SMBC、SMBN含量和脲酶活性呈显著正相关,pH值与土壤酶活性呈显著正相关。 相似文献
2.
以济南市区及郊区农田土壤为对象,研究土壤中重金属污染的特征,结果表明,土壤重金属污染不仅引起了生态环境的恶化,而且影响土壤生物多样性,降低了土壤活性。济南市土壤动物各类群的数量与土壤重金属元素含量的相关性统计结果显示:土壤原生动物数量与Co、Ni含量呈明显负相关;土壤线虫数量与Cu、Mo含量呈显著负相关;旱生土壤动物数量与Cu含量呈显著负相关;说明重金属元素对土壤动物多样性具有不利影响,土壤线虫是耐污种类,旱生动物多为不耐污种类,土壤线虫与旱生动物密度之比可以作为土壤重金属污染程度的生物学指标。通过对土壤地球化学元素含量与土壤生物学参数的相关性分析,找到了重金属的敏感生物指标:Pb污染的生物学指标为土壤线虫;As污染的生物学指标是真菌PLFA含量等,用土壤生物作为敏感、快速的重金属污染生物毒性的指示物,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
3.
小秦岭金矿区土壤重金属生物有效性与影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤中重金属生物有效性与影响因素分析是土壤重金属风险管控的关键问题。通过实地调查、现场采样、实验测试、综合分析等方法,分析了研究区100km2内Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属元素的有效态含量特征,研究了这些重金属有效态含量之间、有效态含量与全量、有效态与土壤pH、有机质含量、粒度等基本理化参数之间的相关性,分析了重金属污染来源。结果表明,土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属有效态的平均含量分别为2.29mg/kg、594mg/kg、2.52mg/kg、6.30mg/kg、2.16mg/kg、48.14mg/kg、50.21mg/kg,其变异系数大小为:HgPbCuZnCdAsCr。Hg的变异系数最大,是由于金矿选矿活动采用混汞法提金排放的尾矿堆(库)分布不均。Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn有效态量与全量之间均存在显著的相关性;土壤有机质与重金属有效态之间存在显著的相关性;土壤pH与有效态重金属之间存在显著的负相关性;土壤粒度对重金属有效态的累积影响不明显。 相似文献
4.
甘南玛曲沼泽湿地土壤微生物量、理化因子与土壤酶活的关系 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对甘南玛曲沼泽湿地6个样地的微生物量与土壤酶活性及其土壤理化性质之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:纤维素酶活性在冬季达到高峰,其余5种土壤酶活性分别在春季和秋季达到高峰;硝化细菌数量与过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶有较显著的负相关关系;微生物量与酶活性之间存在极显著相关关系,其中微生物量因子中的放线菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌和土壤酶活性因子中的酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶是引起相关性的主要因素;酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤含水率、pH值、硝态氮含量、氨态氮含量都有密切的关系,过氧化氢酶活性可以通过有机质的含量来反映,脲酶活性可以通过土壤的含水率来反映,碱性磷酸酶活性可以通过电导率来反映. 相似文献
5.
简易气量法测试土壤过氧化氢酶活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过比较现有的过氧化氢酶活性测试方法发现,气量法尽管是最简便的方法,但存在很多问题,不利于广泛使用,而简易气量法则解决了前人气量法存在的问题.利用该方法对同一个土壤样品进行的9次重复实验结果表明,格拉布斯(Grubbs)检验无剔除数据,标准偏差为1.61,变异系数为0.17,显示该方法简单、快捷、重现性好,精密度高;对20个土壤样本进行初始反应速度、最大反应速度、米氏常数测试的结果显示,它们之间的相关性显著,c(H2O2)＝0.741 mol/L为最佳测试过氧化氢酶活性的底物浓度.最后对简易气量法存在的问题进行了分析. 相似文献
6.
微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）是一种微生物矿化过程,能够胶结松散土体。将其应用于加固土体坡面提高抗降雨侵蚀能力具有潜在的发展前景。通过模拟降雨冲刷试验,对微生物诱导矿化加固前后粉土坡面的径流水动力与侵蚀特性开展研究,分析和讨论了水动力参数之间的相关性以及对土壤剥蚀率的影响规律。结果显示,加固后与加固前相比,粉土坡面径流的弗劳德数平均下降50%;在降雨前期的阻力系数平均下降66%,径流稳定后二者阻力系数接近;径流剪切力平均提高52%。径流系数与坡面入渗速率呈线性负相关（R2=0.857）,与加固层的贯入强度呈指数负相关（R2=0.824）;入渗速率与加固层的贯入强度呈二次负相关R2=0.930）;径流剪切力与坡度呈指数正相关（R2=0.964）。加固粉土坡面的剥蚀率与加固层的贯入强度呈指数负相关（R2=0.822）,与径流剪切力线性正相关（R2=0.912）,临界径流剪切力为0.5 Pa。对于坡度10~25°的粉土坡面,微生物加固能将其剥蚀率从58.2~118.4 g/m2s降至2.4~21.2 g/m2s,剥蚀率最大降幅可达95.0%。粉土坡面经微生物诱导矿化加固后,水动力参数值发生显著变化,径流特性与水动力参数、加固层特性及坡度相关,坡面的抗冲刷侵蚀性能得到有效提升。 相似文献
7.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(11-12):1405-1411
Contamination of soils by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (e.g. Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd) from amendments of sewage sludge is subject to strict controls within the European Community in relation to total permissible metal concentrations, soil properties and intended use. This paper highlights the need for ecotoxicological data for the assessment of PTE impacts in addition to geochemical data alone. The soil microflora plays an essential role in determining levels of soil fertility, being intimately associated with the biogeochemical cycling of essential plant nutrients and the turnover of organic carbon. The measurement of soil microbiological parameters can provide insight into the impact of PTEs upon soil fertility, where geochemical analysis alone can often be inadequate to assess contaminant effects on essential components of the soil ecosystem. Microbial investigations were conducted on soils sampled from a well-controlled field experiment previously amended with specific types and rates of sewage sludge. Key microbiological parameters measured included the activity of the dehydrogenase enzyme and the presence and number of effective nitrogen fixing cells of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii capable of nodulating the host plant, white clover (Trifolium repens). Results were evaluated with respect to maximum permissible concentrations of PTEs in sludge amended soils, as stipulated under UK limit values and the European Directive 86/278/EEC. Important effects on the size of the Rhizobium population and dehydrogenase activity were apparent in soils samples in relation to the soil pH, sludge type, addition rates and the concentrations of PTE present. 相似文献
8.
1 IntroductionThe term“Environmental Geochemical Baseline(EGB)”first appeared in the International Geochemi-cal Mapping Program (IGCP259) and the InternationalGeochemical Baseline Program (IGCP360) of Interna-tional Geography Contrast Program. The defin… 相似文献
9.
Not only the nutritional status and biological activity but also the soil ecological functioning or soil health has been impacted profoundly by land degradation in the karst area of southwest China where the karst ecosystems are generally considered as extremely vulnerable to land degradation under intensified land-use changes. The objectives of this study are to elucidate the changes in overall soil quality by a holistic approach of soil nutritional, biological activity, and soil health indicators in the karst area as impacted by intense cultivation and vegetation degradation. Topsoil samples were collected on selected eco-tesserae in a sequence of land degradation in a karst area of southwest Guizhou in 2004. The soil nutrient pools of organic carbon (Corg), extractable extracellular carbon (Cext), total soil nitrogen (Nt), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (Nah), total phosphorus (Pt), available phosphorus (Pa) were analyzed by wet soil chemistry. The soil biological properties were studied by means of measurements of microbial biomass carbon (both by fumigation–extraction, FE-Cmic, and by calculation from substrate-incubation respiration, SIR-Cmic) of respiration [respiration without addition of substrates, basal respiration (BR), and potential respiration (PR) with substrate-incubation] and of soil enzyme activities (invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase). Soil health status was assessed by simple indices of Cmic/Corg and BR/Cmic in conjunction with bacterial community structures determined by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. While the nutritional pool parameters, such as Corg and Cext, described basically the changes in soil life-supporting capacity with cultivation interference and vegetation declined, those parameters of biological activity such as FE-Cmic, SIR, and SIR-Cmic as well as bacterial community structures measured by molecular method evidenced well the changes in soil functioning for ecosystem health with the land degradation. 相似文献
10.
马衔山多年冻土与季节冻土区土壤微生物量及酶活性的季节动态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究马衔山多年冻土区和非多年冻土区土壤微生物碳氮、土壤酶活性的差异,选取多年冻土区、季节冻土区和交界区为对象,分析了0~30 cm土层微生物碳氮和转化酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶、淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶酶活性不同季节的变化特征。结果表明：全氮、总有机碳、微生物量碳氮与多数土壤酶之间呈显著相关关系。在不同区域,土壤微生物碳氮均在0~10 cm含量最高,10~20 cm次之,20~30 cm最低。土壤微生物碳氮在生长季表现为含量逐渐增加,但是多年冻土区与季节冻土区差异不大。土壤酶活性在深度方面表现与微生物碳氮含量变化一致。土壤酶并无的季节变化规律。在多年冻土区,转化酶、多酚氧化酶和磷酸酶活性明显高于非多年冻土区。本研究表明,尽管多年冻土区的植被和土壤总有机碳明显高于非多年冻土区,其土壤微生物碳氮含量相当,且一些土壤酶活性也相当。说明非多年冻土区土壤的生物地球化学相对强度较大。因此,多年冻土退化后可能会导致生态系统的退化。 相似文献
11.
山东省济阳县土壤重金属元素异常成因研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于山东省济阳县土壤地球化学调查数据,发现济阳县城北部农田区有As、Bi、Cd、Cu、F、Ni、Sb、Hg、Zn等重金属为主的元素异常,各元素异常套合较好,异常衬度相差较大,呈弱富集状态。异常查证结果表明,重金属元素含量与SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3等常量组分之间具有显著的相关性,随SiO2含量的增加而降低,随Al2O3、Fe2O3含量的增加而增加,说明土壤常量组分及其所决定的土壤质地是导致异常形成的主要因素,而人类活动的后期叠加作用是异常形成的次要因素。在异常区所抽检的小麦、黄瓜样品中,Hg、F等元素有不同程度超标现象,说明异常区土壤中有毒、有害元素已对农产品质量产生影响,应引起重视。科学合理施肥,加强各类污染源的控制,继续保持土壤碱性环境,是防止异常区危害人类健康的有效措施。 相似文献
12.
开展钙质砂纵波波速与物理性质参数关系的试验研究,对珊瑚礁地基无损检测及工程物探具有重要的理论指导意义和工程应用价值。控制试样的物性参数状态,利用制样装置进行波速测量,揭示钙质砂纵波波速与物性参数的相关关系。试验结果表明：含水率是影响纵波波速的主要因素,与纵波波速呈二次函数关系。CT扫描结果表明,试样粒径越大,颗粒内部孔隙越丰富,这导致试样孔隙比越大,波速故而越小,与粒径、孔隙比呈负相关关系。在密实度相同、不均匀系数不同时,级配良好的砂样纵波波速差异不大。经过侧限压缩后,含水率一定时,粉土纵波波速与孔隙比呈二次关系,且与密度呈良好的线性关系。利用粉土易压缩且与纵波波速紧密变化的特点,可积极探索声波在粉土地基密实度检测的工程应用。 相似文献
13.
多目标区域地球化学调查结果显示,江西龙南地区表层土壤Se 平均含量为0.34 mg/kg,总体足硒,局部富硒,且土壤中重金属元素含量处于安全水平?异常查证结果表明,富含硒的基岩是富硒土壤分布的控制因素?在研究区发现天然富硒水稻?富硒大豆优质农产品,其中大豆的富硒率达100%?土壤中有效Se 与总Se 呈极显著的正相关,总Se 含量增大可增加有效Se 量;有效Se 与阳离子交换量(CEC)?N?P呈较显著的正相关,土壤中粘土矿物及有机质对Se 有较强的吸附?络合作用,且土壤中有效Se 主要以亚硒酸盐形式存在?水稻?大豆中Se 的生物富集系数均与土壤Se?N呈显著负相关,与土壤K2O呈显著正相关? 相似文献
14.
15.
Heavy metals pollution and the identification of their sources in soil over Xiaoqinling gold-mining region,Shaanxi, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yaoguo Wu Youning Xu Jianghua Zhang Sihai Hu Kai Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1585-1592
In order to determine the characteristics of heavy metals’ pollution and identify their sources in the soil over the Xiaoqinling
gold-mining region, Shaanxi, China, 133 soil samples were collected over the region, one sample was from a close point as
background, and concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cu, and As in all samples were analyzed. Results indicated that the soil was polluted
by these heavy metals, as their concentrations in the soil over the studied region were higher than that in the background
zone. In addition, the result indicated that these metals had their specific spatial characteristics. Among the samples, those
with higher concentrations of Hg, Pb, and Cu were mainly collected from the Shuangqiao river alluvial terrace area, the loess
ravine tableland, and the piedmont alluvial–pluvial inclined tableland, which are the areas of gold-mining activities. Meanwhile,
the samples with higher concentrations of As were distributed over the loess ravine tableland around Tongguan County, where
agricultural activities were conducted intensively. Furthermore, the sources for all the heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cu, and As in
the soil over each landscape were determined through analyzing the concentration correlation of these metals and comparing
the maps of metal concentration distribution and land-use types. In Yellow river–Weihe river alluvial plain area, these heavy
metals were mainly from agricultural activities. In the other landscapes, As was also mainly from agricultural activities;
the other metals were contrarily from the gold-related activities. Interestingly, the correlation coefficients of As concentrations
with Hg, Pb or Cu concentrations were positive in the samples from Yellow river–Weihe river alluvial plain area, and on the
contrary, they were negative in the samples from the other landscapes. This result showed that the correlation can be used
as an index to indicate properly the effect of the gold-related or agricultural activities on the heavy metals in the soil
and identify their main sources over each landscape. As human activities resulted in the site-specific characteristics in
the concentrations and sources of the heavy metals in each landscape, site-specific control strategies should be selected
intensively to remedy landscape soil pollution. In Yellow river–Weihe river plain area, effective control strategies should
be aimed at remedying As pollution caused by agricultural activities; in the other landscapes, Hg, Pb and Cu pollution caused
by gold-mining activities should be considered. 相似文献
16.
Hajo Idriss Isam Salih Abdulaziz S. Alaamer M. Y. Abdelgalil Salih Ali Salih Amna M. Hasan Mohammed A. ELtahir Mustafa M. O. Ahamed 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(2):335-339
This study was conducted primarily to measure and map radon activity concentration in soil gas and to understand the effect of geology and lithology and meteorology on radon concentration. Portable radon meter has been used for the measurement of soil gas radon at 30 different locations around Uro and Korn area in eastern Nuba Mountain South Kordofan State. The results indicate that the activity concentrations of 222Rn in soil gas fall within the range of 20–1,359 Bq/m3 with geometric mean of 102.80 Bq/cm3. The obtained data show that samples around Uro have anomaly of 222Rn concentrations than the sample around Korn. The reason could be attributed to differences in the geological structure, lithology and climate parameters. GIS predicative map has shown that the elevated levels of radon concentration were measured in North study area. Upon comparing the results with global data, it was found that the obtained values are far below the reported range of India, Slovenia, Portugal and Syria. However, the range of 222Rn concentrations in the soil observed in this study is significantly high relative to similar data reported from Libya. The regression analysis has shown that no correlation was noted between radon concentrations, climatic parameters and trace element. 相似文献
17.
H. A. Al-Darwish E. A. Abd El-Gawad F. H. Mohammed M. M. Lotfy 《Environmental Geology》2005,49(2):240-250
Coastal uses and other human activities have inevitably impinged on the Gulf environment; therefore, these regions require continuous monitoring. The investigated area covered the maximum fragments of Dubai coastal region in the Arabian Gulf. The determination of major oxides and trace metal concentrations in Dubai sediments revealed three heavily and moderately contaminated regions. One is in the far northeastern part at Al-Hamriya Sts 1–3 and contaminated by Fe, Cu, Pb, and Zn; the second is in the mid-northeastern part at Dry Docks and contaminated by Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn; and finally, the third is in the near southwestern part at Dubal and contaminated by Fe, Mg, Cr, Ni, and Zn. Al-Hamriya St 3 represented the highest values of Cu, Pb, and Zn, whereas Dubal exhibited the maximum values of Fe, Mg, Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni, and V. The anthropogenic discharge and natural deposits are the main sources of contamination. In general, all trace and major elements showed the minimal levels at Jebel Ali Sanctuary (Sts 11, 12, 13) except for Sr and Ca, which showed their maximum values. The highest concentrations of Ca and Sr are mainly attributed to carbonate gravel sands and sands, which cover most stations. Each of V and Ni showed negative correlation with TPH, which may be indicated that the source of oil contamination in the region is not related to crude oil but mostly attributable to anthropogenic sources. The significant positive correlation, which was found between trace metals and TOC indicates that organic matter plays an important role in the accumulation of trace metals in case of Cu, Zn, and Pb. 相似文献
18.
海南土壤中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd四种重金属含量及其生物有效性的研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
对海南0个土壤样品中的nl、Pb、Cu、0四种重金属的总量和生物有效态含量以及45个植物样(根、茎、叶)中的重金属含量分别进行了测定，采样点基本上覆盖了海南全省，测定结果表明，土壤中nl总量低于全国平均值，而Pb、Cu、Cd高于全国平均值，土壤中重金属生物有效态含量一般低于其总量的10％，其中Pb最高为7．71％，而Cu仅为1．13％，具有较大的变异性；植物中重金属含量与土壤中重金属总量呈现负相关性，但与土壤中有效态重金属含量一般呈现正相关性，叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关性更为显着，叶中的重金属含量与土壤中有效态重金属含量之间的相关系数分别为：Zn(0．726)，Cu(0．626)，Pb(0．n4)，Cd(0．512)。这说明土壤中重金属总量并不能全面的评价土壤的环境效应和重金属的生物有效性，应该把重金属总量和生物有效态含量结合起来加以研究，并应将土壤中重金属的含量与植物中该元素含量之间作相关分析，根据其相关系数的大小来判断其生物有效性的程度。 相似文献
19.
秸秆还田对岩溶区与非岩溶区土壤酶活性影响的对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内模拟试验,研究了岩溶区棕色石灰土与非岩溶区红壤对玉米秸秆有机物料降解过程中土壤pH值、秸秆降解率和酶活性的变化特征。结果表明:秸秆降解期间,土壤pH值在前期有下降的趋势,后期慢慢回升;秸秆降解速度最快主要集中在降解最初30 d,之后呈缓慢上升趋势,到98d 基本达到平衡,降解速度大大减慢;过氧化氢酶的变化不明显,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性都在不同程度上呈现"前期上升,中期下降,后期上升" 的变化趋势。因素比较结果表明: 除蛋白酶的活性是非岩溶区的大于岩溶区外,其它的基本上都是岩溶区的大于非岩溶区;从降解率来看也是岩溶区的要稍高于非岩溶区。由此认为,秸秆在岩溶区土壤中的降解作用比非岩溶区更强。 相似文献
20.
对于人为因素或自然因素造成的农田土壤重金属元素污染,需要进行大面积的土壤环境质量调查和分类管控,然而传统的采样测试方法存在工作量大、代价高等问题。可见—近红外（Vis-NIR）反射光谱是一种快速低成本获取土壤理化信息的手段。为研究Vis-NIR反射光谱预测模型划分土壤重金属污染风险类别的能力,文章以典型人为污染地区（浙江温岭）和典型地质高背景地区（广西横县）的390份农田土壤为样本,测定8种重金属元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn）的含量和pH值,并测定土壤Vis-NIR光谱。使用偏最小二乘（PLS）和支持向量机（SVM）算法建立回归模型,对土壤重金属含量和pH值进行预测,并基于预测值进行土壤重金属污染风险分类。结果显示,温岭土壤主要污染元素Cd和Cu的光谱模型回归预测偏差（RPD）分别为1.23和1.19,预测机制与有机质有关。横县土壤主要污染元素As和Cd的RPD分别为1.98和1.93,预测机制与铁氧化物和粘土矿物有关。地质高背景土壤重金属与铁氧化物的正相关性普遍较强,使得光谱模型对重金属含量预测准确度较高。温岭和横县土壤pH值的光谱模型RPD分别为1.76和1.68。土壤重金属污染风险光谱分类的总体
准确度分别为75.0%~100%（温岭）和80.0%~100％（横县）。将Vis-NIR光谱与遥感技术相结合,对农田土壤重金属污染风险进行快速分类总体是可行的。 相似文献