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1.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
利用X射线衍射仪,对东海西南部表层沉积物样品进行黏土矿物体积分数分析,研究了东海西南部表层沉积物黏土矿物的组合特征和分布规律。结果表明,东海西南部表层沉积物伊利石为优势矿物,平均体积分数为61.8%;次之为绿泥石,平均体积分数为22.9%;高岭石平均体积分数11.1%,蒙脱石平均体积分数为1.01%。黏土矿物的组合类型以伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙脱石型为主,伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蒙脱石型次之。东海西南部表层沉积物黏土矿物主要为陆源成因,黏土矿物主要组合类型与长江源类型相似,说明黏土矿物主要来源于长江;高岭石体积分数由西向东明显减少,反映了高岭石受闽浙沿岸河流的影响较大;伊利石体积分数和绿泥石体积分数呈现由北西向南东增加的趋势,说明在台湾暖流的作用下,台湾河流为东南部海域提供了伊利石和绿泥石矿物。 相似文献
2.
云母类粘土矿物的研究及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云母类粘土矿物的研究及其地质意义刘云（中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所，江苏南京，２１０００８）关键词云母类粘土矿物，红外谱线变化，矿物学研究，地质意义铝二八面体云母类粘土矿物是蒙脱石一伊利石、蒙脱石混层一伊利石系列的一个过渡型矿物，在沉积岩中广泛分布... 相似文献
3.
以蒙脱石为初始材料,通过水热实验模拟在不同温度压力条件下蒙脱石的伊利石化过程。利用X射线粉末衍射及X射线荧光光谱、红外光谱和扫描电镜等方法对样品的矿物物相、化学成分、晶体结构与微观形貌等进行分析,其结果表明:(1)蒙脱石至伊利石的转化受温度和压力条件的控制;(2)随着温度和压力的增高,蒙脱石伊利石化沿着蒙脱石-无序伊蒙混层-有序伊蒙混层-伊利石的转化序列进行转化;(3)水热实验模拟表明蒙脱石至伊利石的转化以溶解重结晶机制为主。实验结果不仅有助于了解埋藏与低级变质作用中的蒙脱石伊利石化过程,同时为研究断层活动所致断层泥中黏土矿物的转化及反演断层形成时温度压力条件提供基本参数。 相似文献
4.
对川东华蓥山二叠系／三叠系界线附近粘土层中的粘土矿物进行野外采样和室内X射线衍射分析,结果表明,这些粘土矿物主要由规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石组成,其中1个样品可能舍有少量不规则混层绿泥石-蒙脱石等粘土矿物。总地看来．该界线粘土层中的规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石中伊利石层的含量自下而上呈现减少的趋势,平均含量约83％,所经历的最大古地温在125-150℃之间。这些粘土矿物的构成和特征与前人在华南其他地区相同层位取得的成果总体上具有较好的一致性．显示了该粘土层成因的相同性及所具有的等时意义。不同地区粘土矿物构成的差异性（如高岭石的存在与含量）可能与二叠系／三叠系界线不整合的存在与否或间断时间有关,规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石的混层比则与埋藏历史和沉积-沉积期后的流体介质有关。 相似文献
5.
川东华蓥山二叠系/三叠系界线附近粘土层中
粘土矿物的类型及成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对川东华蓥山二叠系／三叠系界线附近粘土层中的粘土矿物进行野外采样和室内X射线衍射分析,结果表明,这些粘土矿物主要由规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石组成,其中1个样品可能舍有少量不规则混层绿泥石-蒙脱石等粘土矿物。总地看来．该界线粘土层中的规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石中伊利石层的含量自下而上呈现减少的趋势,平均含量约83％,所经历的最大古地温在125-150℃之间。这些粘土矿物的构成和特征与前人在华南其他地区相同层位取得的成果总体上具有较好的一致性．显示了该粘土层成因的相同性及所具有的等时意义。不同地区粘土矿物构成的差异性（如高岭石的存在与含量）可能与二叠系／三叠系界线不整合的存在与否或间断时间有关,规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石的混层比则与埋藏历史和沉积-沉积期后的流体介质有关。 相似文献
6.
由于房屋建设开挖,浙江省江山市五家垄出露6条新鲜小断层,属于江绍断裂的次级组成部分.结合野外地质勘查,运用粉晶X射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱技术对五家垄断层的3条小断层(F1、F2与F3)的断层泥和断层围岩进行矿物组成和铁元素化学种分布特征的对比分析与研究发现:断层围岩与断层泥的矿物成分主要为石英和黏土矿物,还含有少量钠长石和方解石,其中黏土矿物以伊利石、伊蒙混层和高蒙混层为主,还含有少量的绿泥石、高岭石和极少量的蒙脱石和蛭石;除采自F2断层的JS07样品外,断层围岩中造岩矿物含量高于断层泥,而断层泥黏土含量高于断层围岩;F1断层泥黏土矿物只有伊利石,显示断层带内为一个相对稳定的环境,F2与F3断层泥中伊利石含量低于断层围岩,蒙脱石、伊蒙混层含量高于断层围岩,指示其处于一个潮湿、强氧化环境;F1断层围岩高含量的还原性铁指示断层围岩形成的过程中有还原性物质的参与或者处于相对封闭的环境,F1、F3断层泥与F3上盘高含量的氧化铁亦说明F1、F3断层近期不活跃或者是块体内断层;断层带内黏土矿物的类型及组合与断层带内的氧化还原环境显示五家垄断层处于相对稳定的环境,但断层带内伊利石含量较高,有利于断层活动,五家垄断层的活动性与发震可能性应引起重视. 相似文献
7.
以松嫩平原内的前郭和大安两地苏打盐渍土表层土壤为供试土壤,采用Rigaku RIX 2000型荧光光谱仪和XRD—7000衍射仪,对土壤黏粒矿物组成进行了分析。结果表明:表层土壤黏粒(2μm)化学组成均以SiO_2、Al_2O_3和Fe2O3为主,其SiO_2/Al_2O_3 4,土壤风化脱硅作用较弱;土壤黏粒以2∶1型层状铝硅酸盐矿物为主,含有蒙脱石、伊利石—蒙脱石混层矿物、伊利石、伊利石—白云母混层矿物、蛭石、1∶1型层状铝硅酸盐高岭石以及少量2∶1∶1型绿泥石和石英及1.42 nm间层矿物。苏打盐渍土处于风化脱K作用阶段,土壤中混层及间层矿物较多,以蛭石—绿泥石、蒙脱石—绿泥石过渡矿物为主,为二八面体白云母和二八面体蒙脱石混层矿物。水田利用可使土壤黏粒中绿泥石增加,改善苏打盐渍土不良的结构。 相似文献
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9.
《地球化学》2020,(1)
水岩作用对页岩气藏的地球化学特性和高效开采研究具有重要的意义。为研究我国西南龙马溪组深层页岩气藏水岩作用的微观机制,针对龙马溪组深层页岩组构特征,建立了深层页岩典型黏土矿物(镁蒙脱石、铁蒙脱石和伊利石)水岩作用的分子动力学模型,分析含水量、温度和矿物特征变化对晶胞层间距和水分子扩散系数的影响,通过实验验证水岩作用对典型矿物微观结构的影响程度。研究表明,随着层间水分子数量增加,蒙脱石和伊利石晶胞层间距增大;随着温度增加,蒙脱石和伊利石晶胞层间距变化不明显,层间水分子扩散系数增加;含水量和温度一定,蒙脱石晶胞层间距远大于伊利石,而伊利石的晶胞层间水分子扩散系数远大于蒙脱石,且镁蒙脱石大于铁蒙脱石晶胞层间距,而铁蒙脱石的水分子扩散系数大于镁蒙脱石。上述研究表明,水含量增加会加剧典型黏土矿物晶层破坏的程度,而温度升高会引起典型矿物晶层破坏速度的增快。与浅层页岩相比,温度升高可能导致深部页岩水岩作用更加剧烈。 相似文献
10.
对陆地泥火山流体来源及其向地表渗漏过程中的改造作用开展研究,有利于加深理解泥火山释放甲烷的碳排放过程。新疆准噶尔盆地南缘独山子泥火山柱状沉积物和地表沉积物的矿物和元素组成,以及沉积物孔隙水离子组成等的分析结果显示,泥火山沉积物孔隙水Na+和Cl–间具有很好的正相关性,具有比海水高的Na+/Cl–和Li+/Cl–值、低的K+/Cl–和Mg2+/Cl–。泥火山沉积物与围岩相比,富集伊利石、绿泥石和方解石,缺少蒙脱石,富集Ca、亏损Si,这些变化主要与黏土矿物的脱水转变有关。表明泥火山流体主要来源于深部低盐度沉积物孔隙水,但经历了地表的蒸发作用,并混合了大气降水。 相似文献
11.
《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(5):695-707
Taiwan is located at the collision boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Asian Continental Plate and is one of the most active orogenic belts in the world. Fluids sampled from 9 sub-aerial mud volcanoes distributed along two major geological structures in southwestern Taiwan, the Chishan fault and the Gutingkeng anticline, were analyzed to evaluate possible sources of water and the degree of fluid-sediment interaction at depth in an accretionary prism. Overall, the Taiwanese mud volcano fluids are characterized by high Cl contents, up to 347 mM, suggesting a marine origin from actively de-watering sedimentary pore waters along major structures on land. The fluids obtained from the Gutingkeng anticline, as well as from the Coastal Plain area, show high Cl, Na, K, Ca, Mg and NH4, but low SO4 and B concentrations. In contrast, the Chishan fault fluids are much less saline (1/4 seawater value), but show much heavier O isotope compositions (δ18O=5.1–6.5 ‰). A simplified scenario of mixing between sedimentary pore fluids and waters affected by clay dehydration released at depth can explain several crucial observations including heavy O isotopes, radiogenic Sr contents (87Sr/86Sr=0.71136–0.71283), and relatively low salinities in the Chishan fluids. Gases isolated from the mud volcanoes are predominantly CH4 and CO2, where the CH4–C isotopic compositions show a thermogenic component of δ13C=−38 ‰. These results demonstrate that active mud volcano de-watering in Taiwan is a direct product of intense sediment accretion and plate collision in the region. 相似文献
12.
Mud volcanoes are important pathways for CH4 emission from deep buried sediments; however, the importance of gas fluxes have hitherto been neglected in atmospheric source budget considerations. In this study, gas fluxes have been monitored to examine the stability of their chemical compositions and fluxes spatially, and stable C isotopic ratios of CH4 were determined, for several mud volcanoes on land in Taiwan. The major gas components are CH4 (>90%), “air” (i.e. N2 + O2 + Ar, 1–5%) and CO2 (1–5%) and these associated gas fluxes varied slightly at different mud volcanoes in southwestern Taiwan. The Hsiao-kun-shui (HKS) mud volcano emits the highest CH4 concentration (CH4 > 97%). On the other hand, the Chung-lun mud volcano (CL) shows CO2 up to 85%, and much lower CH4 content (<37%). High CH4 content (>90%) with low CO2 (<0.2%) are detected in the mud volcano gases collected in eastern Taiwan. It is suggestive that these gases are mostly of thermogenic origin based on C1 (methane)/C2 (ethane) + C3 (propane) and δ13CCH4 results, with the exception of mud volcanoes situated along the Gu-ting-keng (GTK) anticline axis showing unique biogenic characteristics. Only small CH4 concentration variations, <2%, were detected in four on-site short term field-monitoring experiments, at Yue-shi-jie A, B, Kun-shui-ping and Lo-shan A. Preliminary estimation of CH4 emission fluxes for mud volcanoes on land in Taiwan fall in a range between 980 and 2010 tons annually. If soil diffusion were taken into account, the total amount of mud volcano CH4 could contribute up to 10% of total natural CH4 emissions in Taiwan. 相似文献
13.
Because of the increasing public awareness of the greenhouse effect, geological emissions of methane (GEM) have gained more
attention. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change included GEM in the natural sources of methane category in the Fourth
Assessment Report in 2007. The methane flux from mud volcanoes (MVs) is the second leading source within GEM. However, given
that gas flux from MVs has been measured directly only in Sicily and Azerbaijan, the global methane estimation is still a
conservative assumption based on limited data. The behavior of MV activities is seldom reported. This study attempts to estimate
annual methane emissions through MVs by using a video recorder to record MV activities along the Chishan Fault and determining
the bubble size and flux rate of each MV. Observation results, after a 1 year observation period, indicate that the annual
emissions of the 19 MVs along the Chishan Fault are 0.1–0.2% of the global methane flux from MVs, highlighting that the methane
emission from these MVs should not be neglected. In addition, the continuous monitoring of a particular MV disclosed periodic
characteristics of MV activities. These results manifest the spatial and temporal variations of MV activities along the Chishan
Fault. The spatial variations are related to the extensional kinematics of the Chishan fault, while the temporal variation
relates to the earth-tide-related MV activities. The estimated annual methane emissions from the study are far more than those
of previous studies and are still considered conservative. Results of this study may provide valuable information for researchers
attempting to estimate the quantity of GEM. 相似文献
14.
泥火山——天然气水合物存在的活证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海底天然气水合物大多与通过切穿沉积盖层的断裂的上升烃类流体相关，这些高渗透带包括泥火山和底辟等侵入构造，所以泥火山、底辟和海底断裂等构造周围可能赋存水合物；实际钻探结果也证实，泥火山和水合物的形成与聚集有较为密切的关系。泥火山，它是地层内部圈闭气体由于压力释放上冲的结果，也是气体向上运移的通道。文章初步总结了泥火山与水合物的成矿关系，认为泥火山是水合物赋存的标志之一，是水合物存在的活证据。本文对我国泥火山与水合物的发育和赋存进行了分析预测，并对泥火山构造中水合物的成矿模式进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
15.
Fluid migration and origin of a mud volcano in the Northern Apennines (Italy): the role of deeply rooted normal faults 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT In the foothills of the Northern Apennines mud volcanoes are locally aligned along active normal faults, which allow surface leakage of fluids derived from deep sources (>3–6 km). The chemical and isotopic analysis of the fluids of a mud volcano, coupled with the reconstruction of its geological setting, allowed an investigation of the processes of migration and fluid flow. The fault system associated with the Regnano mud volcano drains a deep Miocene reservoir (foredeep marine deposits), which supplies formation water and thermogenic methane that has migrated from underlying Mesozoic carbonates. The muds from the volcano contain late Eocene microfossils and are extruded only during paroxysmal events. They have a shallower origin (about 1 km) from the base of Tertiary marine deposits deposited upon the upper tectonic nappe of the chain (Ligurian unit). This case study suggests that normal faults are very effective in controlling surface emissions. 相似文献
16.
17.
XU Wang ZHENG Guodong MA Xiangxian Danielle FORTIN David R. HILTON LIANG Shouyun CHEN Zhi HU Guoyi 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(6):2201-2213
Organic-inorganic interactions occurring in petroleum-related mud volcanoes can help predict the chemical processes that are responsible for methane emissions to the atmosphere. Seven samples of mud breccia directly ejected from one crater were collected in the Dushanzi mud volcano, along with one argillite sample of the original reddish host rocks distal from the crater, for comparison purposes. The mineral and chemical compositions as well as iron species of all samples were determined using XRD, XRF and M?ssbauer spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicate that a series of marked reactions occurred in the mud volcano systems, more specifically in the mud breccia when compared to the original rocks. Changes mainly included: (1) some conversion of clay minerals from smectite into chlorite and illite, and the precipitation of secondary carbonate minerals such as calcite and siderite; (2) silicon depletion and significant elemental enrichment of iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus; and (3) transformation of iron from ferric species in hematite and smectite into ferrous species in siderite, chlorite and illite. These geochemical reactions likely induced the color changes of the original reddish Neogene argillite to the gray or black mud breccia, as a result of reduction of elements and/or alteration of minerals associated with the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Our results also suggest that greenhouse gases emitted from the mud volcanoes are lowered through a series of methane oxidation reactions and carbon fixation (i.e., through carbonate precipitation). 相似文献
18.
摘要：详细阐述不同成因的泥底辟流体输导模式,探讨了泥底辟输导体系的演化与天然气水合物成藏之间的关系,并分析神狐海域泥底辟输导体系对天然气水合物成藏的影响。底辟核外部伴生断裂、底辟核内部流体压裂裂缝和边缘裂缝带均可作为输导流体的通道。根据运移通道和动力等差异性,提出泥底辟输导流体的2种端元模式：超压-流体压裂输导型和边缘构造裂缝输导型。在此基础上,讨论了泥底辟(泥火山)的不同演化阶段对水合物的形成、富集和分解的影响。早期阶段,泥底辟形成的运移通道可能未延伸到水合物稳定带,导致气源供给不够充分;中期阶段,水合物成藏条件匹配良好,利于天然气水合物生成;晚期阶段,泥火山喷发引起水合物稳定带的热异常,可能导致水合物分解,直至泥火山活动平静期,水合物再次成藏。神狐海域内泥底辟分为花冠状和穹顶状两类,花冠状泥底辟以超压-流体压裂输导型为主;穹顶状泥底辟以底辟边缘裂缝输导型为主。泥底辟输导体系的差异性可能是神狐海域天然气水合物非均质分布的影响因素之一。
关键词：泥底辟;输导体系;天然气水合物;成藏机制;神狐海域 相似文献
19.
M.B. Cita J.M. Woodside M.K. Ivanov R.B. Kidd A.F. Limonov Scientific Staff of Cruise TTR - Leg 《地学学报》1995,7(4):453-458
Direct observation of active emission of fluids and mud from a submarine mud volcano were made for the first time in an extensive field of mud diapirs and mud volcanoes on the Mediterranean Ridge using a video camera towed 2 m above the seafloor in 1800 m of water. This recent research using both long range and deep-towed sidescan sonar systems indicates also that diapirism and eruption of mud along the crest of the ridge is more common than previously thought. The southwards increase in age of rock fragments carried within the erupted mud supports the hypothesis that the fluid mud becomes overpressured within a southward-dipping backthrust from the Inner Deformation Front of this accretionary prism. 相似文献
20.
Active mud volcanoes on- and offshore eastern Makran, Pakistan 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
G. Delisle U. von Rad H. Andruleit C. von Daniels A. Tabrez A. Inam 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2002,91(1):93-110
To study the activity, source and driving force of the venting of fluidized mud in the coastal Makran, we carried out reconnaissance surveys of two active onshore mud volcano fields (Chandragup and Jebel-u-Ghurab) and of a newly born (March 1999) offshore mud volcano (Malan Island). All studied on- and offshore mud volcanoes line up along one southwest/northeast-trending structural lineament, the axis of the Dhak Anticline. Isotopic data point to a bacterial origin of the gas (mainly methane). Mixed benthic foraminiferal faunas and calcareous nannofloras suggest that the source level of the extruded mud is at a sub-surface depth of 2-3 km. Observed mud discharge varied between 0 and 1.4 m3 h-1 and gas discharge rates between negligible amounts to 1 m3 s-1. Mud temperatures in the crater lake of Chandragup I are near-ambient temperatures. They rise slightly (Б.5°C) during episodes of modest mud outflow. An area of 160,000 m3 of soft mud was vigorously extruded from the sea floor at a water depth of 10 m within days after 15 March 1999, forming Malan Island. The island was destroyed within a few months after its birth by deep-reaching wave action during the SW monsoon. This was possibly aided by local subsidence of the mud volcano structure due to the volume loss following rapid degassing and mud extrusion. 相似文献