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地理信息系统在滑坡灾害研究中的应用 总被引：35，自引：2，他引：33
对地理信息系统 ( GIS)技术在滑坡研究中的应用现状作了分析 ,并介绍了笔者在该方面的一些研究成果 ,认为只有在数据获取、GIS与滑坡专业模型的集成、GIS与遥感的集成等方面有较大的突破之后 ,才能充分发挥 GIS在滑坡研究中的作用。 相似文献
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为了突破面向业务系统及面向问题的建模技术,提高地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)应用系统适应需求不断变化及复用的能力,采用工作流技术结合形式语言实现应用模型精确定量数学化的有效转换,利用重载方式对空间算子的抽象与扩展来简化异构大型分析建模与应用系统构建中逻辑模型过于繁琐复杂的技术,实现空间分析建模的可视化、精确化和简单化.在此基础上,结合可视化界面搭建、功能仓库和空间资源管理,实现支持跨GIS平台的应用系统快速构建集成环境,为多领域应用系统的集成及功能复用提供手段,降低GIS应用系统的开发难度,为GIS应用不断深入和全面推广提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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目前的地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)基础平台不能够很好地适应数字油田工作的开展,迫切需要结合油田的实际业务开发面向油田应用的专业基础平台.开展了多元油田数据的统一存储、多级海量油田数据分布式管理、专业应用模型与GIS基础平台集成、协同研究工作平台等关键技术研究;在此基础上提出基于搭建思想构建数字油田基础平台的技术思路,为有效突破GIS在石油行业的应用瓶颈提供了解决方案.结果表明,该平台的研究与开发对于扩大GIS应用领域也将有着现实意义. 相似文献
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数据中心集成开发技术: 新一代GIS架构技术与开发模式 总被引：22，自引：16，他引：6
解决分布式异构多源空间数据共享、不同厂家的功能共享和合作开发是当前GIS开发和应用领域的难题.提出了数据中心集成开发模型框架, 并基于该框架提出了新一代GIS架构技术和开发模式, 介绍了数据中心的核心技术——数据仓库技术、功能仓库技术、搭建与配置技术等, 同时给出了国土数据中心的应用实例, 为基于数据中心大型信息化系统解决方案的实现提供了一种新的模型. 相似文献
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基于GIS技术的区域性多源地学空间信息集成若干问题探讨 总被引：44，自引：18，他引：26
地学信息分散的、非动态的管理现状, 已远远不能满足市场经济发展与广泛社会需求的多元性、科学性与迫切性, 也极大地制约了地学信息的社会经济效益的充分发挥.本文根据当前有关区域性多源地学空间信息集成项目研究的成果, 基于GIS理论与技术和多源地学地理信息空间数据应用的特点, 对区域性多源地学空间信息集成的有关技术方法进行了讨论.详细叙述了多源地学地理信息系统的编程与设计、数据采集技术、元数据、投影与坐标系统、物理设计与约定、集成数据质量特征. 相似文献
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2l世纪全球环境问题将更加突出,人类将面临重大的挑战.采用高新技术研究和解决环境问题将是一项迫切的任务.GIS虽然已被广泛应用,但是由于它缺少强大的建模和模拟功能,其发展受到一定限制.模拟模型使用较早,但未形成系统.本文提出了环境模拟系统(EIS)的新概念和建立方法,该系统具有强大的建模功能和模拟功能.为使EIS与GIS的功能优势互补,作者建立了EIS-GIS联合系统,并以松嫩平原西南部土地碱质荒漠化的预警研究为例,阐述了EIS-GIS联合系统的应用方法.第四纪的研究内容非常广泛,在各类环境介质中存储了不同时空的、丰富的环境信息,如能应用EIS-GIS联合系统进行研究,将会获得新的进展,文章介绍了建立环境模拟指标体系的原则和方法,推荐了一些较适合的研究领域. 相似文献
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基于插件技术的GIS应用框架的研究与实现 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为了解决传统GIS软件的行业化、专业化和开发成本较高的问题, 使GIS软件面向大众化、低成本化发展, 构建插件式GIS应用框架平台, 能提供一个具有良好的复用性和灵活的可扩展性平台, 同时为项目实施所面对的特定知识应用领域提供很好支持软件框架具有实际意义.在深入研究“平台+插件”模型的本质与实现机制后, 提出了基于插件技术的GIS应用框架的对象模型、消息机制和层次结构.同时将这一理论成果成功应用到了大型GIS平台---MAPGIS7.0的开发与实践中, 实现了全插件式的GIS应用框架, 使平台功能扩展和GIS的应用开发具有了可行性. 相似文献
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Spatial probabilistic modeling of slope failure using an integrated GIS Monte Carlo simulation approach 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Spatial probabilistic modeling of slope failure using a combined Geographic Information System (GIS), infinite-slope stability model and Monte Carlo simulation approach is proposed and applied in the landslide-prone area of Sasebo city, southern Japan. A digital elevation model (DEM) for the study area has been created at a scale of 1/2500. Calculated results of slope angle and slope aspect derived from the DEM are discussed. Through the spatial interpolation of the identified stream network, the thickness distribution of the colluvium above Tertiary strata is determined with precision. Finally, by integrating an infinite-slope stability model and Monte Carlo simulation with GIS, and applying spatial processing, a slope failure probability distribution map is obtained for the case of both low and high water levels. 相似文献
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Although the research and application of a geographic information system (GIS) in bibliometrics remains in its initial stage, several valuable attempts have been made in recent years. This paper provides our overview regarding this area. We first reviewed the spatial information mining derived from literature, including structured and unstructured data. The spatial display and the basic spatial operations for the geographic information derived from literature were then introduced, demonstrating that GIS can be directly used to construct digital libraries. Some literature database websites have begun to utilize WEBGIS to display the spatial distribution of an author’s location. Additionally, the spatial distribution information can be displayed in various modes with other specialized tools. Potential spatial analyses in bibliometrics were then discussed, introducing geostatistical and buffer analyses as case studies. Finally, several bibliometric indicators attached with research units were investigated. When the quantitative research index units are linked with the research spatial position, they can be displayed, queried and retrieved spatially. Future work to advance the application and research of GIS in bibliometrics is still warranted. 相似文献
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地球化学场及其在隐伏矿体三维预测中的作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文从物理学"场论"的角度介绍了地球化学场的概念,并从场源、场作用及地球化学指标分布三个基本要素出发阐述了地球化学场的扩散、对流-扩散的动力学机制。首先,按照采样介质,将地球化学场分为原生的岩石地球化学场,以及次生的土壤、水系沉积物、水文和气体地球化学场,描述了组成各类地球化学场的要素。其次,将地球化学场的分析方法概括为静态的空间结构分析和动态的时空结构分析两种,提出要以场的动力学机制为基础,利用地球物理学中的正、反演理论来研究四维时空中地球化学场的发展和演化。最后,探讨了地球化学场时空结构分析与三维地学模拟两者之间彼此补充和相互验证的关系,三维地学模拟构建的场源及空间介质模型,为地球化学场的正、反演提供了初始条件,地球化学场反演的结果又可用来修正三维地质模型;探讨了地球化学场与大数据分析技术间的关系,即采用大数据的"数据驱动"的思路来挖掘其与多元地学数据之间的隐性联系,探索其与成矿过程的关联性。地球化学场与三维地学模拟、大数据分析技术的结合将为隐伏矿体三维预测中地下成矿物质的分布和演化提供依据。 相似文献
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分析了目前孔隙地下水流三维有限差分数值模拟中对含水层系统三维空间离散存在的问题，针对自然界孔隙含水层与隔水层空间分布的不连续性与厚度的不均匀性，研究了基于GIS的孔隙含水层系统三维空间离散实现的技术路线，提出了基于GIS与不规则六面体元的孔隙含水层系统的三维空间离散方法，最大限度地保证了离散体元中含水层类型的单一性，提高了孔隙地下水流模拟模型三维空间离散的精度。 相似文献
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Abstract. An object-relational data model is an entry point and integral part of geologic analysis system, in which we can start geologic modeling inside a database. A conceptual data model named the Geoscience (Earth Resources) Data Model 3.0 has been developed based on the conceptual design of NADM-C1.0 and EGDM 812. Such adaptation makes this data model interoperable with data models from other geoscience fields. The focus of current data model is to effectively manage multi datasets related with the study of earth resources and to create relationship among data types.
The conceptual data model for earth resources is successfully implemented physically by integrating a GIS and relational data storage. The direct link between relational database and GIS makes the database contents highly visual and spatially enabling. Database contents are fully georeferenced through different types of georeferencing systems that enables data integration, visualization and analysis of multi geoscience datasets in 2D and 3D environment. A new way of geologic analysis through visualization of virtually all kinds of geoscience datasets is proposed.
The earth resources research and industry can take benefits on this system through better data management and effective geologic visualization that in turn accelerate a better understanding of earth resources. Meanwhile wider geoscience community will benefit from better interaction and data sharing among geoscience fields for accelerating a better understanding of our complex earth. 相似文献
The conceptual data model for earth resources is successfully implemented physically by integrating a GIS and relational data storage. The direct link between relational database and GIS makes the database contents highly visual and spatially enabling. Database contents are fully georeferenced through different types of georeferencing systems that enables data integration, visualization and analysis of multi geoscience datasets in 2D and 3D environment. A new way of geologic analysis through visualization of virtually all kinds of geoscience datasets is proposed.
The earth resources research and industry can take benefits on this system through better data management and effective geologic visualization that in turn accelerate a better understanding of earth resources. Meanwhile wider geoscience community will benefit from better interaction and data sharing among geoscience fields for accelerating a better understanding of our complex earth. 相似文献
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Olocenic alluvial aquifer of the River Cornia coastal plain (southern Tuscany, Italy): database design for groundwater management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. Barazzuoli M. Bouzelboudjen S. Cucini L. Kiraly P. Menicori M. Salleolini 《Environmental Geology》1999,39(2):123-143
Hydrogeological research is in progress, utilizing GIS methods, with the principal aim of modelling the Olocenic alluvial
aquifer of the River Cornia coastal plain (southern Tuscany, Italy), which has been exploited for drinking water, irrigation,
and industrial uses. A consequence of exploitation has been the appearance of wide seawater intrusion. The alluvial aquifer
has recently been subjected to new well fields for the supply of drinking water, with an increase of total average discharge
of about 4×106 m3/year. This paper presents results obtained from updating and integrating basic knowledge and structuring the database. The
hydrogeological study allowed the recognition of the extension of areas that are characterized by a hydraulic head under the
sea level, the progressive salinization of the aquifer, and the increase of water deficit in the aquifer which is produced
by a progressive extraction of water superior to the natural recharge. In addition, benefits and disadvantages resulting from
the location of new well fields in a hydrogeologically favourable zone, and the boundary conditions for much of the area studied
have been defined. The GIS was used as support for making and updating the tabular and spatial database with the aim of integrating
the local and regional hydrogeological knowledge. This study will permit the realization of a numerical simulation of the
groundwater flow of the aquifer aimed at correcting the management of water resources, by means of the GIS-modelling integration.
Received: 23 June 1998 · Accepted: 16 November 1998 相似文献
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三维地质模型构建方法的研究及应用 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：22
地质体三维建模是地学信息系统的核心问题之一.对三维GIS及地学领域的空间构模方法的现状进行分析,结合地质体工程特点,提出一种三维地学空间构模方法--似三棱柱(STP)法.该方法以似三棱柱体作为三维地质体建模的基本体元,并采用5类基本元素和6组拓扑关系对似三棱柱体的数据结构进行描述.它能有效地表达各种三维地质现象,也可以更好地与传统的多层TIN模型结合,维护好空间实体的拓扑关系.基于本文的建模方法开发了一个适合地质领域的三维GIS初步原型,并用实际钻孔数据进行了验证. 相似文献
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重量版青藏铁路数字路基仿真平台设计与开发 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在青藏铁路建设和科研活动过程中对空间数据的管理、分析和使用,以及设计方案仿真评估、决策支持等方面有较高的要求,青藏铁路数字路基仿真平台轻量版系统无法满足需求.重量版系统着重于提供对分布式应用和充分的空间分析、仿真,以及空间决策支持功能的支持,系统建设以GIS技术为核心,结合遥感、全球定位系统(GPS)、虚拟现实和空间数据库等技术,在Microsoft.Net平台上开发而成.该系统不但能够对青藏铁路工程实验数据、观测数据以及各种专题数据和DEM数据等进行管理和维护,而且能够进行多时相、多维空间分析和表达,形成以基础地理数据为依托的数字路基仿真平台. 相似文献
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GIS-based hydrogeological databases and groundwater modelling 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Radu Gogu Guy Carabin Vincent Hallet Valerie Peters Alain Dassargues 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(6):555-569
Reliability and validity of groundwater analysis strongly depend on the availability of large volumes of high-quality data.
Putting all data into a coherent and logical structure supported by a computing environment helps ensure validity and availability
and provides a powerful tool for hydrogeological studies. A hydrogeological geographic information system (GIS) database that
offers facilities for groundwater-vulnerability analysis and hydrogeological modelling has been designed in Belgium for the
Walloon region. Data from five river basins, chosen for their contrasting hydrogeological characteristics, have been included
in the database, and a set of applications that have been developed now allow further advances. Interest is growing in the
potential for integrating GIS technology and groundwater simulation models. A "loose-coupling" tool was created between the
spatial-database scheme and the groundwater numerical model interface GMS (Groundwater Modelling System). Following time and
spatial queries, the hydrogeological data stored in the database can be easily used within different groundwater numerical
models.
Electronic Publication 相似文献