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1.
气候模式与古气候研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
简要叙述了气候模式的定义及发展情况,介绍了几种常用于古气候模拟的气候模式类型,说明了气候模式在古气候研究中的应用和取得的主要成果,揭示出气候模式在古气候研究领域里的广阔前景。 相似文献
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国际古气候模拟比较计划(PMIP)是古气候领域里的一项长期开展的大型国际研究计划.该计划的主旨是利用气候数值模式,通过开展一系列针对古气候变化的模拟试验理解全球气候变化的机理,确定气候系统内部的各种影响气候变化的关键反馈因子;通过比较不同气候模式对不同于现代气候(古气候)的模拟能力评价模式的优劣,进而促进气候模式的发展;同时也为全球变化背景下利用气候模式预估未来气候变化提供借鉴.PMIP白1991年酝酿开始至今经历了PMIP1(1991～2001年)、PMlP2(2002～2007年)两个阶段,并正在开展第三阶段(PMfP3)(2008～)的研究.本文简要回顾了近10年来PMIP研究进展及概述了未来PMIP将要开展研究的重点领域和方向,主要包括4个主题:1)基准(benchmak)时段(6kaB.P.和21kaB.P.)模拟;2)间冰期和温暖期气候模拟;3)快速气候变化模拟;4)不确定性研究. 相似文献
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国际古气候模拟比较计划(PMIP)是古气候领域里的一项长期开展的大型国际研究计划。该计划的主旨是利用气候数值模式,通过开展一系列针对古气候变化的模拟试验理解全球气候变化的机理,确定气候系统内部的各种影响气候变化的关键反馈因子; 通过比较不同气候模式对不同于现代气候(古气候)的模拟能力评价模式的优劣,进而促进气候模式的发展; 同时也为全球变化背景下利用气候模式预估未来气候变化提供借鉴。PMIP自1991年酝酿开始至今经历了PMIP1(1991～2001年)、PMIP2(2002～2007年)两个阶段,并正在开展第三阶段(PMIP3)(2008～)的研究。本文简要回顾了近10年来PMIP研究进展及概述了未来PMIP将要开展研究的重点领域和方向,主要包括4个主题： 1)基准(benchmark)时段(6kaB.P.和21kaB.P.)模拟; 2)间冰期和温暖期气候模拟; 3)快速气候变化模拟; 4)不确定性研究。 相似文献
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千百年尺度气候快速变化及其数值模拟研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
千百年尺度全球气候快速变化是古气候研究中的一个重要内容。研究发现，末次冰期和全新世都存在着千年、百年尺度的快速气候变化，其变化幅度可以达到典型的地质变化或天文因子所造成的冰期/间冰期的气候振荡幅度，同时这些古气候事件具有全球性。对冰期和全新世气候变化的数值模拟揭示了气候系统对地球轨道参数变化的响应以及海洋、植被、冰盖、温室气体等反馈因子的重要性,其中大洋温盐环流对北大西洋淡水注入的敏感性与末次冰期和全新世气候快速变化密切相联。利用中等复杂程度的气候模式（EMIC）CLIMBER 2模拟了末次冰期典型时段（60~20 ka BP）D/O和Heinrich事件以及东亚气候的响应过程。模拟研究揭示了全新世青藏高原冰雪环境对亚洲—非洲季风气候的显著影响。今后的古气候模拟研究将在改进模式分辨率、结合古气候代用资料确定更加符合历史时期边界条件以进一步改善气候模式的基础上,更加注重气候突变机制的研究以及加强全球变化背景下的区域气候的长期变化研究。 相似文献
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第四纪孢粉分析的时间序列与空间模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
论述了第四纪孢粉时间序列和孢粉空间模型在不同尺度上的时空代表性,同时介绍了一些相关的研究方法和主要成果。利用数理统计方法来定量恢复古气候已成为目前第四纪孢粉时间序列研究的一个发展趋势。各种尺度的第四纪孢粉空间模型图可以反映植被对第四纪气候变化的响应。根据孢粉数据与气候变量之间的函数关系还可换算成古气候图。此外,在全球气候模拟和植被模拟中,孢粉数据成为必不可少的诊断工具。 相似文献
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在国际古气候模拟比较设计设定的边界条件下（其中包括：海洋表面温度，陆地冰盖，CO2浓度，地球轨道参数等变化）。本文汇报了利用中国科学院大气物理研究所的9层全球大气环流格点模式对末次盛冰期气候进行数值模拟的研究成果。结果表明：末次盛冰期全球年平均温度在低5．3℃，降雨量下降9％，其中大陆年平均降水量仅为目前的71％。通过与其他模式模拟结果和重建古气候资料的对比表明，该模式捕捉到了末次盛冰期干，冷的冰期气候特征。在此基础上，我们根据刘东生等的科研成果，初步探讨了青藏高原在末次盛冰期倘若存在一定范围的冰盖，那么该冰盖会对东亚区域古气候模拟结果产生怎样的冲击。 相似文献
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早新生代是地质史上最后一个温室气候期，随后南极冰盖形成，地球进入到晚新生代冰期。温室气候的成因和冰期气候转型的机制一直是国际相关学界关注的问题。评述国际上对此开展的古气候模拟，反映了早新生代温室气候受到了海洋和大陆的地理位置、暖海洋温盐环流和海洋热输送、太阳辐射和大气CO2浓度变化的作用和影响。古气候模拟还反映了早新生代温室气候转向冰期气候，受到了大洋通道改变和高原构造隆起、大气成分变化以及海陆生态系相互的作用和反馈。这些古气候模拟试验锁定在气候变化的关键时段和重要驱动因子，对测试地球内外驱动力和地球各圈层反馈作用提供了重要的科学依据；温室气候以及趋向冰期气候的模拟研究对探讨气候变化内在机制、预测未来气候具有重要意义。
相似文献
11.
利用国际古气候模拟比较计划(PMIP)最新第四阶段(PMIP4)中14个气候模式的试验数据,集中研究了距今约6 000年的全新世中期中国气候和东亚季风。与早期PMIP第三阶段(PMIP3)多模式结果类似,全新世中期中国年、冬季和春季地表气温较工业革命前期偏冷,而夏季和秋季偏暖,其中年和冬季模拟偏冷与大部分地质记录显示的偏暖不符;所有14个PMIP4模式集合的中国区域平均年和季节温度变化绝对值为0.08~1.69 ℃,较PMIP3多模式平均结果额外偏小0.01~0.45 ℃,这部分源于大气二氧化碳浓度的减少。在用于分析的11个PMIP4模式平均结果中,全新世中期中国年平均降水、蒸发和有效降水(即降水量减蒸发量)相对于工业革命前期分别增加2%、减少1%和增加7%,所有3个物理量在季节上均表现为冬春季减少,夏秋季增加。对比PMIP4模式和PMIP3多模式平均结果,上述3个物理量的中国区域平均值和区域变化差异均在夏、秋季大于年和冬、春季;相比于PMIP3模式,PMIP4模式模拟的年有效降水变化与地质记录更为接近。全新世中期东亚冬、夏季风在14个PMIP4模式中均模拟加强,所有模式平均较工业革命前期分别增强11%和32%;在区域尺度上,与早期PMIP3模式相比,当前PMIP4模式模拟的季风环流增强幅度在东亚北部更强,南部偏弱。 相似文献
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Rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is one of the most important aspects in paleoclimate study. It has
been found that rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is a global phenomenon during both the glacial age
and the Holocene with amplitudes typical of geological or astronomical time-scales. Simulations of glacial and Holocene climate
changes have demonstrated the response of the climate system to the changes of earth orbital parameter and the importance
of variations in feedbacks of ocean, vegetation, icecap and greenhouse gases. Modeling experiments suggest that the Atlantic
thermohaline circulation was sensitive to the freshwater input into the North Atlantic and was closely related to the rapid
climate changes during the last glacial age and the Holocene. Adopting the Earth-system models of intermediate complexity
(EMICs), CLIMBER-2, the response of East Asian climate change to Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events during the typical
last glacial period (60 ka B.P.-20 ka B.P.) and impacts of ice on the Tibetan plateau on Holocene climate change were stimulated,
studied and revealed. Further progress of paleoclimate modeling depends on developing finer-grid models and reconstructing
more reliable boundary conditions. More attention should be paid on the study of mechanisms of abrupt climatic changes as
well as regional climate changes in the background of global climate change.
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Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(10): 1054–1065 [译自: 地球科学进展] 相似文献
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Role of late glacial to mid-Holocene climate in catchment weathering in the central Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The lightness (L*) and concentrations of Rb, Sr and organic carbon (Corg) have been measured in the age-constrained lake sediment cores recovered from Co Ngoin in the central Tibetan Plateau. Dissolved Sr flux is a dominant control on the variation of Rb/Sr ratios in the sediments. Variations in color and geochemical proxies of Co Ngoin sediments display a continuous history of late glacial to mid-Holocene chemical versus physical weathering intensity in response to past climatic changes between approximately 13,500 and 4500 cal yr B.P. A lower chemical weathering under a late glacial climate was followed by a higher weathering during the Holocene Optimum. Weathering intensity in the central Tibetan Plateau catchment also responds to well-known climatic events, such as the Younger Dryas (YD), and possibly the Holocene Event 5 (HE-5). Although there are differences in time or duration of the climatic events, many of the well-known late glacial to mid-Holocene events occurred in high-elevation Co Ngoin where atmospheric circulation might play a hemispherical role in climatic forcing. The sediment hiatus since c. 4200 14C yr B.P. in the Co Ngoin indicates a period of desiccation that was probably associated with a sharp decrease in summer monsoon strength. Our lascustrine results not only imply catchment weathering variations in response to late glacial to mid-Holocene climatic conditions in the central plateau, but also provide further evidence for global connections between regional climates. 相似文献
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气候重建工作的深入开展极大地促进了全新世亚洲季风变化的研究,然而当前重建结果对亚洲季风的演变特征和机理存在很大争议,开展古气候模拟对理解全新世亚洲季风演变的时空特征和成因机制具有重要意义。为此,本文主要从气候模式模拟的角度回顾全新世亚洲季风百年-千年尺度变化的模拟研究工作,并将从外强迫和气候系统内部变率这两个角度对机制进行探讨。主要有以下进展:全新世瞬变模拟试验结果反映早全新世以来亚洲季风降水呈下降趋势,这主要受到地球轨道参数的影响,并通过改变海陆热力差异和半球间温度梯度来影响亚洲季风降水。在百年尺度弱季风事件上,模拟的8.2 ka BP时期的亚洲季风弱事件主要是由冰川融水触发,引起大西洋经向翻转环流AMOC减弱并通过大气遥相关导致季风降水减少;而4.2 ka BP时期模式模拟的亚洲弱季风事件主要是受内部变率所主导而并非外强迫因子影响。亚洲季风百年尺度变化的模拟研究主要集中在过去2 000年时段,中世纪气候异常期季风明显增强,而在小冰期逐渐减弱,太阳辐射和火山活动是影响其变化的主导因子,它们通过影响海陆热力差异、印—太海温变化来影响季风变化。 相似文献
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ANDREW B. G. BUSH 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2004,33(2):155-163
Through the late Quaternary, the global climate system ranged from full glacial to temperate interglacial conditions. On a smaller spatial scale, regional climates of the late Quaternary exhibited fluctuations that were at times asynchronous to these global changes. For example, glacier expansion in the Himalayas during the mid-Holocene appears to be at odds with the notion of increased global temperature. A clear understanding of the dynamical processes governing regional climate is therefore essential to the correct interpretation of proxy climate data. We summarize results from numerical simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene, and focus on the multiple processes that control regional climate of the Himalaya and surrounding areas, with emphasis on monsoon dynamics and variability. It is shown that changes in the south Asian monsoon (caused by fluctuations in Earth's orbital parameters, by tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures, or by exposure of the Sunda shelf) alter the hydrological balance in regions bordering the Tibetan Plateau, a balance for which there are extensive continental proxy records. Numerical results correlate with the expansion/contraction cycles of deserts near the Chinese Loess Plateau. In addition, the LGM monsoon exhibits significant snow accumulation in the eastern Himalaya, whereas the mid-Holocene monsoon exhibits increased accumulation in the northwestern Himalaya. Simulated changes are therefore in accord with field data and demonstrate that numerical simulations can be a useful tool in the interpretation of regional proxy data, particularly when those data are asynchronous to global records. 相似文献
16.
Paleoclimate of Southwestern China for the Past 50,000 yr Inferred from Lake Sediment Records 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
David A. Hodell Mark Brenner Sharon L. Kanfoush Jason H. Curtis Joseph S. Stoner Song Xueliang Wu Yuan Thomas J. Whitmore 《Quaternary Research》1999,52(3):369
Long sediment cores (12.5 and 13.5 m) from two lakes in Yunnan Province were used to infer the paleoclimate of southwest China over the past 50,000 yr. During the Holocene and marine isotope stage (MIS 3), bio-induced carbonate precipitation and organic matter (OM) production was high, suggesting warm temperatures and high primary productivity. In contrast, sediment inorganic carbon (IC) and organic carbon (OC) concentrations were low in last glacial deposits from 38,000 to 12,000 cal yr B.P., indicating cool temperatures and low productivity. The 50,000-yr record has alternating peaks of carbonate and coarse-grain (>38 μm) quartz that reflect warm, moist interglacial or interstadial conditions alternating with cold, dry glacial or stadial conditions, respectively. Spectral analysis of the carbonate and quartz signals reveals power concentrated at periods of 7200 and 8900 cal yr, respectively, that may reflect a nonlinear climate response to precessional forcing at a time of reduced eccentricity modulation (McIntyre and Molfino, 1996). Oxygen isotope values of calcite from Yunnan lake cores indicate the summer monsoon was weak during the last glaciation from 50,000 to 12,000 cal yr B.P. The summer monsoon intensified between 12,000 and 8000 cal yr B.P., but weakened gradually in response to insolation forcing during the mid-to-late Holocene. Our results support the Overpeck et al. (1996) model that posits a weak summer monsoon during the last glaciation that responded nonlinearly to insolation forcing when its intensity was affected by Eurasian snow cover and ice-sheet extent. The summer monsoon intensified and responded linearly to seasonal insolation forcing in the Holocene when ice volume diminished. 相似文献