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盐水层温室气体地质埋存机理及潜力计算方法评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
针对盐水层CO2地质埋存评价要求,提出了盐水层CO2埋存机理以及埋存潜力计算方法。CO2在盐水层中的埋存机理包括水力圈闭、残余气圈闭、溶解埋存和矿物埋存等4种基本方式。水力圈闭是CO2向上运动到达致密隔层受到遮挡后,在地质体中聚集,形成CO2气相埋存;残余气圈闭是由于驱替和吸吮相渗滞后现象存在,部分CO2以残余气形式被圈闭;溶解埋存是CO2溶解在水中,与水中的钙、镁、铁等离子发生反应生成碳酸盐矿物,实现CO2圈闭;矿物埋存是CO2与储层岩石发生缓慢的化学反应,形成碳酸盐矿物或HCO3-实现CO2封存。各种埋存方式随埋存时间不同,发挥的作用不一样,埋存安全性级别各不相同。埋存潜力只由残余气圈闭和溶解圈闭两部分构成。在此基础上,提出了埋存潜力计算公式及参数确定方法。埋存机理及潜力计算方法的提出为盐水层目标区CO2地质埋存评价提供了方法基础。 相似文献
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玄武岩CO2 地质封存相比于常规的封存技术（如驱油驱气注入封存和深部咸水层封存）,具有能促进快速碳矿化、封存效果长期且安全及封存容量巨大等明显优点。目前玄武岩CO2 封存理论方面的研究已经取得了大量进展：① 对常见主要成岩矿物的封存能力进行了排序;② 进一步了解玄武岩的矿物成分、玄武岩层内孔隙分布特征及其形成机理;③ 完善了对玄武岩CO2 封存机理、反应速率及影响因素等方面的认识;④ 查明了玄武岩在地球上的分布并评估了各种典型玄武岩的封存潜力;⑤ 发现适合于CO2 封存的场地主要包括大陆溢流型玄武岩、洋底高原玄武岩和洋中脊玄武岩等三种类型,并对目标储层选择提出了初步评价标准。本文在综述玄武岩固碳机理、玄武岩CO2 地质封存潜力及封存场地与目标储层选择的基础上,介绍了世界上已有的三个玄武岩CO2 地质封存工程示范项目：冰岛Carbfix、美国Wallula和日本Nagaoka,探讨了玄武岩CO2 地质封存存在的若干问题：① 反应速率受多种因素影响,对最终封存效果起着决定性作用;② 堵塞或压裂和保护层会影响注入封存的稳定性或可持续性;③ 封存潜力评价方法和结果不同;④ 封存场地选址和储层选择缺乏统一标准与规范;⑤ Carbfix方法的使用受限。 相似文献
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Pan Wenjie Yang Xiaomin Zhang Xiaodong Li Zimin Yang Shilei Wu Yuntao Hao Qian Song Zhaoliang 《地球科学进展》2017,32(8):859-866
Phytolith-Occluded Carbon (PhytOC), a relatively stable carbon fraction, plays an important role in biogeochemical carbon cycle and mitigation of global warming. The formation mechanisms of PhytOC, the influence factors of phytolith carbon sequestration, the advances in study of phytolith carbon sequestration, and the management for enhancing the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China were summarized in this review. Finally, future researches on phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China were prospected. Climates, vegetation types, soil circumstances, the chemical compositions of the phytoliths and other factors will directly or indirectly affect the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration. In China, the PhytOC production quantity in grassland, cropland, forest, wetland and shrub ecosystems is (0.6±0.1)×106,(4.9±1.7)×106,(1.9±0.4)×106,(0.6±0.5)×106 and (1.3±0.3)×106 t CO2/a, respectively. Application of silicon-containing fertilizer, cultivation of high-silicon plant, and traditional enhancement of the plant net primary productivity can significantly improve the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China. Future studies should focus more on ①the mechanisms of phytolith formation in different plants, ②the phytolith carbon sequestration in underground parts of plants from different terrestrial ecosystems, ③the quantification of soil PhytOC in different terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, more comprehensive, economical and reasonable management practices of improving the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration should also be further studied in different terrestrial ecosystems. 相似文献
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采用高压超临界CO2地球化学反应器对CO2在煤储层中的地质埋藏进行模拟,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)以及电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分别对淋滤液和煤样中的10种微量元素进行测试,对煤中微量元素在CO2的地质埋藏过程中的迁移进行了实验研究。结果表明:在CO2的地质埋藏过程中对煤的有机组成和无机矿物等均具有改造作用,从而影响到煤中微量元素的赋存和迁移特征,Cr、Zn、Cu等元素迁移能力相对较强,而Co、Ba、V等元素相对较弱;元素迁移能力大小顺序为:CrZnCuNiCdMnCoBaV。 相似文献
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YANG Leilei SONG Ziyang LIU Yi WEI Guo ZHANG Xing MO Chenchen FENG Bo LI Yaohua 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(3):972-985
The Lucaogou Formation, located in the Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin, NW China, has great potential for shale oil resources. In the process of CO2-EOR(CO2 enhance oil recovery), mineral dissolution, precipitation and transformation, leading to the local corrosion or blockage of reservoirs, have a significant influence on recovery. In this study, a combination of high-temperature and high-pressure laboratory experiments and coupled temperature/fluid-chemistry multifield numerica... 相似文献
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目前世界上多数国家都以CO2捕获和封存作为CO2减排的有效措施之一。向深部不可采煤层中封存CO2能一举两得,既可实现CO2减排的目的,又能置换出煤层甲烷气体。从实验室研究角度出发,分析了煤级、温度、压力、水分及氮气对煤吸附CH4、CO2的影响,并结合煤层气开发选区评价方法,探讨了影响煤层封存CO2的地质主控因素,认为煤种、煤厚、煤层埋深、渗透率是主要控制因素,而地质构造、水文地质、甲烷气含量等为次一级控制因素。综合分析认为,我国煤层封存CO2的潜力很大,而华北地区是深部煤层封存CO2的首选地区。 相似文献
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Xu Zijuan Zuo Xinxin Fan Bailing Ding Xinquan Zhang Xiaodong Li Zichuan Yan Cuixiang Song Zhaoliang 《地球科学进展》2017,32(2):151-159
Phytoliths, also called amorphous silica particles, have a great geochemical stability and could occlude a certain amount of organic carbon during the forming process. At present, phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) is recognized as one of long-term stable carbon sequestration mechanisms and has significant influence on regulating global climate change. At the same time, PhytOC isotope research has great value for paleo-environment, paleo-climate reconstruction and other fields. Therefore, more scholars pay attention to the PhytOC geochemical research. Based on the current research status, we summarized the current state of understading about phytolith forming process, elemental composition, geochemical stability, PhytOC sink and PhytOC isotope application for paleo-environment reconstruction. We also summarized the main problems of geochemical research on phytolith and PhytOC, which will make great contribution to further research on phytolith geochemical research. 相似文献
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Dissolution of CO2 into deep subsurface brines for carbon sequestration is regarded as one of the few viable means of reducing the amount of CO2 entering the atmosphere. Ions in solution partially control the amount of CO2 that dissolves, but the mechanisms of the ion's influence are not clearly understood and thus CO2 solubility is difficult to predict. In this study, CO2 solubility was experimentally determined in water, NaCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and NaHCO3 solutions and a mixed brine similar to the Bravo Dome natural CO2 reservoir; ionic strengths ranged up to 3.4 molal, temperatures to 140 °C, and CO2 pressures to 35.5 MPa. Increasing ionic strength decreased CO2 solubility for all solutions when the salt type remained unchanged, but ionic strength was a poor predictor of CO2 solubility in solutions with different salts. A new equation was developed to use ion hydration number to calculate the concentration of electrostricted water molecules in solution. Dissolved CO2 was strongly correlated (R2 = 0.96) to electrostricted water concentration. Strong correlations were also identified between CO2 solubility and hydration enthalpy and hydration entropy. These linear correlation equations predicted CO2 solubility within 1% of the Bravo Dome brine and within 10% of two mixed brines from literature (a 10 wt % NaCl + KCl + CaCl2 brine and a natural Na+, Ca2+, Cl− type brine with minor amounts of Mg2+, K+, Sr2+ and Br−). 相似文献
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Xinqing LEE Daikuan HUANG Wei JIANG Zhaodong FENG Hongguang CHENG Qian JIANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):278-278
Water samples from the Wujiang River, a typical karst river system, were analyzed for major ion concentrations and δ^34S values of dissolved sulfate in order to identify the sources of sulfate, quantify the sulfate export flux and understand the role of sulfur cycling in chemical weathering rate of carbonate. Spatial variations in sulfate concentration and sulfur isotopic composition of tributaries over the catchment area are obvious, allowing to decipher S sources between rocks and atmosphere. According to the variations in sulfate concentration and isotopic composition, it is inferred that sulfate ions in the upper-reach river waters may have three sources, rain water, sulfate resultant from oxidation of pyrite in coal, and sulfate from sulfide deposits. In the lower reaches, the S isotopic composition of the samples lies mainly on a mixing trend between evaporite sulfate and rainwater sulfate, the contribution of sulfate from oxidation of pyrite being lesser. A pronounced seasonal variation in both content and isotopic composition of sulfate characterizes the Wujiang River. The average sulfate concentration of the waters is 0.65 mmol/L in winter, 0.17 mmol/L higher than that in summer. River water δ^34S values range from -15.7‰ to 18.9‰ in winter, while the δ^34S values of river waters in summer vary to a lesser extent than in winter, from -11.5‰ to 8.3‰. The δ^34S values of the main stream range from -6.7‰ to -3.9‰ in summer, averaging 3‰ lower than in winter. This indicates that in summer, when the discharge increases, the contribution of a source enriched in light isotopes to the atmosphere or the oxidation of pyrite in coal is more important. 相似文献
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为研究辽河三角洲湿地的固碳能力,2010年5月在辽河三角洲双台子河口东侧的两个翅碱蓬湿地区域采取7个柱状样,通过对样品的化学分析测试,并利用210Pb测年法确定的沉积速率研究了土壤对碳的扣留速率,其结果表明:有机碳浓度分别与各营养元素浓度间有显著的正相关关系(p0.01),指示沉积物中的有机物质对营养元素有很强的富集能力,同时营养元素促进植物的生长,从而影响土壤碳的加积速率。研究区总碳浓度范围为10.5~14.6 g/kg,其中约83%为有机碳,其相应的土壤对总碳和有机碳扣留速率分别为98.02~260.37 g/m2/a(均值171.84 g/m2/a)和81.17~229.98 g/m2/a(均值141.29 g/m2/a)。本研究区,土壤对碳的扣留速率主要受土壤的沉积速率控制,并与高程有显著的相关关系(p0.01)。土壤对碳扣留机制的研究有助于加深对全球碳循的理解。 相似文献
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The impact of CO2 sequestration on the host formation is an issue occurring over geologic time. Laboratory tests can provide important results to investigate this matter but have limitations due to a relatively short timeline. Based on literature review and core sample observation, naturally occurred geological phenomena, stylolites are studied in this paper for understanding CO2 sequestration in deep carbonate formations. Stylolites are distinctive and pervasive structures in carbonates that are related to water-assisted pressure solution. Pressure solution involving stylolitization is thought to be the main mechanism of compaction and cementation for many carbonates. In parallel, CO2 sequestration in carbonate formation involves extensive chemical reactions among water, CO2 and rock matrix, favoring chemical compaction as a consequence. An analogue between stylolites and CO2 sequestration induced formation heterogeneity exists in the sense of chemical compaction, as both pressure solution in stylolites and CO2 enriched solution in CO2 sequestration in carbonate formations may all introduce abnormal porous regions. The shear and/or tension fractures associated with stylolites zones may develop vertically or sub-vertically; all these give us alert for long-term safety of CO2 sequestration. Thus a study of stylolites will help to understand the CO2 sequestration in deep carbonate formation in the long run. 相似文献
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基于TOUGHREACT并行版,建立了苏北盆地盐城组下段砂岩层在碳封存中的CO2-水-岩反应二维径向模型,并评估储层的矿物封存潜力,探讨分析了网格剖分精度和储层各向异性对矿物封存模拟的影响。模拟结果表明:在CO2封存过程中,片钠铝石、方解石和菱铁矿沉淀较明显,在CO2注入5 000a后矿物封存的比例高达34.0%;网格剖分精度的不同对矿物封存反应路径没有影响,但粗网格模型计算得到的矿物封存量偏高;降低储层的kv(垂向渗透率)在短期内会促进CO2的水平运移,有利于溶解和矿物封存;但随着时间延长,降低kv对对流作用的抑制开始体现,表现为1 000a后中等kv值的模型计算出的矿物封存量高于较大kv和较小kv值的模型。 相似文献
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CO2地质处置研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
减少CO2向大气排放的一个主要的方法是将其隔离在地下深部，即CO2地质处置。CO2地质处置的方法主要包括：含水层处置，海洋处置，利用CO2开采油气以及煤层甲烷气体等。含水层处置有三种机制：（1）水力学方法；（2）溶解的方法；（3）矿物处置。CO2地质处置是可行的技术方法，在实际中已有了应用。在难以获得复杂的深部含水层环境的情况下，地球化学数值模拟方法在评价地质处置CO2可行性上具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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农田土壤固碳潜力研究的关键科学问题 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：25
农田生态系统在陆地生态系统碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。增加农田土壤有机碳的固定不仅可减少大气CO2含量,而且对保障国家粮食安全具有举足轻重的作用。近年来评估土壤固碳潜力已成为国际科学界研究的热点和难点。但由于不同研究者对“潜力”范畴的界定不同,全球或区域尺度农田土壤固碳潜力的估算还存在很大的不确定性。所谓固碳潜力,即土壤碳的饱和水平或土壤所容纳碳的最大能力。这一能力受区域气候、土壤类型、农业管理措施的综合影响。故此,合理地评价固碳潜力,应综合考虑气候、土壤和农业措施诸因素,并将宏观尺度与微观尺度的研究结合起来。从固碳潜力概念范畴及研究方法出发,阐述了农田土壤固碳潜力的研究现状,并结合生物潜力和物理化学潜力的研究,提出区域农田土壤固碳潜力的计量方案,并就该研究领域亟需回答的科学问题进行了探讨。 相似文献