共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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西昆仑康西瓦断裂带西延特征及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青藏高原西北部康西瓦走滑断裂带(Karakax fault)为一条经过长期演化且现今仍在活动的重要大型断裂带,该断裂对该地区形成演化起到至关重要的控制作用。目前大多学者们认为该断裂在东段沿喀拉喀什河谷大致呈东西走向延伸,后在其西段麻扎地区向北西方向延伸。然而,通过详细的野外地质调查在该断裂带西段的麻扎地区新发现了一条NEE-SWW向的断裂,将之命名为麻塔断裂。实测地质剖面和显微构造分析发现麻塔断裂与康西瓦断裂具有相似的几何学和运动学特征,同样经历了早期右旋逆冲的韧性走滑变形和后期左旋脆性走滑变形,理应划分为一条断裂,前者是后者自麻扎向西的延伸部分。麻塔-康西瓦断裂共同参与调节了自古生代以来板块碰撞拼合在青藏高原西北部的构造变形,现今西昆仑-帕米尔地区的构造地貌格局正是康西瓦和喀喇昆仑等大型断裂新生代活动而形成的。 相似文献
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阿尔金断裂系西段——康西瓦断裂的 晚第四纪构造地貌特征研究* 总被引：17，自引：9，他引：17
阿尔金断裂带是青藏高原北部的一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,近EW向延伸2000多公里, 它构成了青藏高原与塔里木盆地之间的重要地质边界。康西瓦断裂位于阿尔金断裂带西段, 呈WNW-ESE向延伸约 700km。文章在高分辨率卫星遥感图像(印度遥感卫星5.8m分辨率)和数字高程地形模型(DEM)数据分析的基础上,并结合野外构造地貌考察观测,对康西瓦断裂的第四纪构造活动及其地貌特征进行了初步研究。沿断裂带发育的系统错断水系、错断冲积扇、挤压脊、走滑拉分盆地等典型构造地貌特征表明,该断裂晚第四纪经历了强烈的左旋走滑活动。同时,研究还揭示沿康西瓦断裂发育了一条长约80km的地表地震破裂带,最大同震左旋水平错位为4m,估算产生该地表破裂带的地震是一矩震级为Mw7.3的大地震。 另外,文章根据不同年代地表地貌特征的左旋错位距离,估算出康西瓦断裂晚第四纪以来的长期走滑速率为8~12mm/a,远低于早期估算的20~30mm/a,但是与阿尔金断裂带中、东段的地质估算结果9±2mm/a及GPS测量结果9±4mm/a接近。 相似文献
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文章详细调查了康西瓦断裂带发育的断层崖、断层陡坎、地震破裂带、错断山脊、拉分盆地、挤压脊、偏心洪积扇、错断水系等新构造运动形迹,这些新构造运动形迹表明了康西瓦断裂带在晚新生代以来发生了强烈的左旋走滑运动,并兼有正滑运动分量。数字地形高程模型(DEM)分析表明康西瓦断裂西端终止于塔什库尔干谷地东部的瓦恰河谷内,东端与著名的阿尔金断裂带相连。如果以喀拉喀什河和玉龙喀什河为参照系,康西瓦断裂晚新生代以来的左旋走滑累积位移量可达 80～85km,根据断裂带 8～12mm/a的长期走滑速率,推测康西瓦断裂带新生代以来的左旋走滑运动开始于约10Ma。结合我们获得的断裂带两侧岩浆岩的年龄,表明康西瓦断裂带左旋走滑运动的开始时代为晚中新世,现今康西瓦地区的构造地貌格局很可能是中新世晚期以来强烈的左旋走滑运动形成的。 相似文献
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西昆仑康西瓦断裂带新发现的麻粒岩 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
西昆仑康西瓦断裂是塔里木盆地西南缘一条规模宏大的构造缝合带。它西起哈萨克斯坦乌孜别里山口 ,经班迪向南东延伸至麻扎、三十里营房 ,后向东经康西瓦、慕士山至琼木孜塔格西南被阿尔金断裂斜向截断 ,在我国境内延伸有 1 0 0 0 km余 ,宽 3～ 5 km,断面倾向北东 ,总体走向北西 ,整体呈反“S”形 ,主弧形向南西突出。结合国土资源部中国地质调查局“新疆西昆仑成矿带成矿规律和找矿方向综合研究”项目 ,笔者对康西瓦断裂进行了较为全面的地质考察 ,首次在断裂带北侧中元古界地层中发现麻粒岩 ,为研究康西瓦断裂提供了重要的地质资料。康西… 相似文献
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帕米尔东北缘-西昆仑的构造地貌及其构造意义 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
帕米尔东北缘-西昆仑位于青藏高原西北部,受三条大型断裂:康西瓦断裂、主帕米尔-铁克里克断裂和公格尔断裂的制约.通过野外考察、卫星遥感图像解译、ASTER GDEM高程数据的分析,对上述三条断裂及整个区域进行构造地貌研究,并探讨其构造意义.结果表明:康西瓦断裂为左行走滑断裂;主帕米尔-铁克里克断裂为逆冲断裂;公格尔断裂和塔什库尔干断裂分别为右行、左行走滑正断层,连接两者的是塔合曼正断裂.通过ASTER GDEM高程数据的高程分布、局部高程差和坡度分析,表明帕米尔东北缘-西昆仑至塔里木盆地存在三级特征地貌(塔里木盆地、塔里木盆地南缘山前褶皱逆冲带和帕米尔东北缘-西昆仑);西昆仑地区受印度/亚洲板块碰撞而产生垂向物质运动,由于三条大型断裂控制在西侧断裂附近存在水平方向的物质运动,垂直和水平两种运动的存在促使靠近康西瓦和公格尔断裂形成高山地貌. 相似文献
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根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果，本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为：底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为：南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲，北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲，华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带，拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。 相似文献
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青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从１９８８年建站到１９９８年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化, 相似文献
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铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。 相似文献
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利用卫星遥感影像,结合实地调查和测年结果,对共和盆地层状地貌系统进行了解译、分析。研究表明,共和盆地层状地貌系统由山麓剥蚀面、洪积扇面、盆地面以及黄河阶地面构成,其空间结构、物质组成对发生于早更新世早期的青藏运动C幕和中更新世末期的共和运动反映清晰。青藏运动C幕使青藏高原主夷平面在高原差异性隆升中彻底解体,垂直变形量高达1700m。共和运动使黄河在0.11Ma进入共和盆地,其后黄河平均以3.5mm/a的侵蚀速率下切盆地,同时在盆地边部的山前古冲洪积扇以大致相近的速率被抬升,最终导致高差在2000m左右的层状地貌系统的出现。 相似文献
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The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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南海位于印度板块、欧亚板块和太平洋板块之间,是世界上最大的边缘海,其构造位置处于太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域,地质构造复杂.关于南海形成演化的动力学机制存在有多种不同观点,其中最重要的一个观点是印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞致使华南地块和印支地块地幔物质沿东南方向蠕动,从而导致南海的海底扩张.从特提斯的演化规律,以及新特提斯的闭合过程来看,南海并不是特提斯洋的残留海,而是新特提斯在闭合过程中配合印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞导致华南地块和印支地块地幔物质东南方向蠕动的动力学机制下,在南海重新活化的结果. 相似文献
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E. M. Korobova 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(13):1205-1282
In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.
The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:
On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature. 相似文献
- — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
- — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
- — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.