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内蒙古苏尼特左旗古人类遗存点的发现及意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
内蒙古中北部是一个重要的古人类活动区，从１９９２年至１９９４年笔者在该区发现了１３处古人类遗存点，获得了大量的石器，包括３７７３件打制石器和１５８件磨制石器。这些材料具有十分重要的研究价值。本文对石器进行了分类，并对石器的时代及当时的环境特点进行了探讨。 相似文献
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近20年来,一大批重要遗址的发现、发掘和研究,使三峡地区成为目前我国旧石器考古研究的重要地区之一。该地区在更新世总体上是以亚热带湿热森林环境为主。长江的发育和两岸丰富的动植物为古人类适应、生存和迁徙提供了资源。广泛流行的砾石石器工业是当地古人类在背山面河的自然环境下从事狩猎-采集活动所必需的。早更新世至晚更新世早期,古人类从洞穴居住逐渐转为旷野游动生活,石器保留砾石石器的面貌;晚更新世末期,石片石器取代砾石石器而居主要地位,石器组合中出现了小型的刮削器和磨制石器,部分遗址伴生陶片,这说明人类生存行为由狩猎-采集向农业耕作-家畜驯养的过渡,生存方式也转为以定居为主。古人类在三峡地区的生存方式是长期适应当地自然环境的结果。 相似文献
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自20世纪50年代发现长阳人化石以来,迄今在鄂西-三峡地区已经发现了至少10处古人类化石地点,时代跨越了整个更新世时期,尤其以更新世中、晚期人类化石最为丰富。除人类化石外,在这一地区还发现了大量的古人类制作的石器、骨器、艺术品、装饰品等人类活动遗存,以及与古人类伴生的动物化石。近年的野外发掘及实验室研究证明鄂西-三峡地区更新世中期以来一直是古人类生存与繁衍昌盛的区域,该地区丰富的古人类资源对研究与中国古人类演化有关的一系列关键学术问题具有非常重要的价值。 相似文献
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文章在对中国境内旧石器时代文化遗存的时空分布、埋藏情况、石器制作技术与使用功能、石制品类型—形态特征与演化趋势、对石器原料及其他资源的利用方式、区域文化传统的划分和特点考察的基础上,提出中国古人类"综合行为模式",并以此对本地区古人类演化过程和文化特点的成因进行分析和阐释;提出该区域古人类于更新世的大部分时期内在生物进化与行为演化上具有连续性、稳定性、高频迁徙性、务实简便性、灵活机动性、因地制宜性和与环境的和谐性;在文化发展方面表现为保持传统与进取创新相交织;从考古学角度支持中国古人类"连续进化,附带杂交"的理论。 相似文献
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在前人工作的基础上,旨在江苏地区近４０年来有关古人类化石,古猿化石以及石器文化的资料进行整理和比较,并阐明了江苏古人类研究的意义,首次对溧水神仙洞人进行描述,同叶注意到江苏广布和岩溶洞穴是今后古人类,古猿类及古哺乳动物群发现的重要场所。 相似文献
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侯家窑遗址是旧石器中期重要的考古文化遗址,然而对侯家窑古人类的生存年代及生存环境至今尚存争议.本文通过野外地质观测、地磁测量和电阻率测深等工作以及动植物研究资料分析,对遗址区地质地貌环境,尤其是与古人类生存密切相关的古河流发育情况进行了系统研究.结果表明:1)在侯家窑遗址区发育一条NNW-SSE向的古河流,它形成于224ka B.P.前的泥河湾古湖泊大规模萎缩阶段,直至被晚更新世冲洪积物掩埋后才结束发育历史.2)侯家窑遗址古人类文化遗存埋藏于古河流截弯取直遗留的牛轭湖沉积层及不整合覆于其上的壤化粘土层中,时限为距今约224～ 161ka,即侯家窑古人类在此地生活达6万年之久.3)牛轭湖区不仅适宜多种植物生长,而且水流缓滞、清澈,是各类动物优先选择食物和饮水的地方.古人类在这里使用石球围猎,较之在其他地带成功率高.4)侯家窑古人类生存时期,气候寒冷,但这里的地形呈面向东南的宽阔圈椅状,光照条件良好,气候温和,其间又有河流穿过,生态环境相对优越,动植物资源较为丰富;而且遗址附近优质石器原料遍布,许多石料在河谷中即可寻到,方便石器制作.因此,对于旧石器时代以狩猎和采集为主要生活方式的古人类来讲,在寒冷的区域气候背景下,选择生存环境较好的侯家窑遗址区倚河而居势成必然. 相似文献
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中国泥河湾盆地以发育我国北方晚新生代湖相地层和数目众多的古人类文化遗址而闻名于世,是研究中国北方第四纪地质与环境、新旧石器和早期人类演化的一个关键地区。东坡遗址是泥河湾遗址之一,形成时代一直没有确定。根据古地磁和区域地质等分析,初步认为东坡遗址形成时代不早于距今780ka。本文利用石英Ti心ESR法对泥河湾东谷坨剖面B/M界限样品进行了测量,年龄为 750±88ka,这表明利用该方法对泥河湾层水相沉积物进行测年是可行的。我们利用同样方法和参数对东坡遗址进行ESR年代学研究,结果表明东坡遗址文化层的形成时代为距今 304±12ka到333±23ka,平均年龄为321±15ka。 相似文献
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中国和田玉的开发利用历史悠久,在中国古玉器中地位显著.从新石器时代晚期开始到清代,和田玉一直是中国古玉器的主要玉材;而和田玉又具有其他产地软玉无法比拟的颜色,具有独特的羊脂白色;用和田玉制成的玉器,是中国传统玉文化的主要载体,具有不可复制的惟一性. 相似文献
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中国是一个有五千多年历史的文明古国和古人类的栖居地。在浩如烟海的古籍和民间传说中,都有丰富的有关地质现象和地质作用的描述。社会生产力和生产关系的变革带来的科学技术进步和生产方式的突破使地质事业的发展呈现出阶段性。包括远古时代人类对地质现象的探索在内,文章把中国地质矿产调查事业的发展史划分为6个阶段,即石器时代的地质遗迹、远古时代的地质认知、启蒙时代的地质考察、奠基时代的地质调查研究、快速发展时期的地质工作和改革开放新时代的地质事业,分别论述了各个发展阶段地质矿产调查工作中的重要地质事件、地质工作的内容和特点、主要调查研究成果和对国家经济社会发展作出的贡献。 相似文献
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Obsidian is abundant in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). Petrological and geochemical features of obsidian from four volcanic centers in the MER, namely Birenti, Dofen, Fentale and Kone, are presented. Compositional and petrological variability is noted among the Dofen and Fentale obsidian, but not in those from Kone and Birenti where each have separate but uniform elemental composition. The Fentale and Kone obsidian were source materials for the artifacts of a number of Middle Stone Age and Later Stone Age/Neolithic sites in the region. We have yet to determine whether Dofen and Birenti were sources for archeological artifacts. The study also shows that volcanic episodes from a single center do not necessarily result in compositional variability. 相似文献
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Janette Deacon 《Quaternary Research》1978,10(1):84-111
The dating of the Stone Age sequence in southern Africa has been considerably revised over the last decade, and one of the anomalies which has resulted is that the Middle Stone Age, now dated to beyond 30,000 B.P., does not immediately precede the Later Stone Age sensu stricto. The excavation and analysis of occupation horizons dating between the most recent Middle Stone Age assemblages and the Holocene is therefore of particular interest. Nelson Bay Cave, situated on the southern coast of South Africa, contains deposits which partly fill the “gap” between the Middle and Later Stone Ages, and the occupation horizons dating between about 18,000 and 5000 years ago are described in this paper. Changes in the habitat in the vicinity of the site caused by sea-level and vegetation changes coincident with the amelioration of temperatures at the end of the Pleistocene are clearly marked in the faunal remains at the site. Largely correlated with the faunal changes (which includes the introduction of marine resources to the cave at about 12,000 B.P.) are changes in the stone artifact assemblages. Three industries are recognized in the sequence: the Robberg, characterized by microbladelets produced from bladelet cores and a few small scrapers and backed tools; the Albany, characterized by large scrapers and an absence of backed tools; and the Wilton, characterized by a variety of Formal Tools including relatively large numbers of small scrapers and backed tools. These changes in artifact-manufacturing traditions are interpreted as signaling adjustments to changing environmental conditions. An explanation for these adjustments is not sought in a simple cause-and-effect relationship between the environment and the cultural response; artifact changes are seen instead as the result of a twofold process, with the environment acting as an external stimulus to change, and the direction of the artifact change governed by the selection of a range of possibilities offered by the technology of the Later Stone Age sensu lato that was widespread in subequatorial Africa during the last 20,000 years. 相似文献
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Human skeletal remains from the southern Cape Province and their bearing on the stone age prehistory of South Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G.P. Rightmire 《Quaternary Research》1978,9(2):219-230
Substantial numbers of human skeletons have been recovered from caves and shelters of the southern Cape Province, South Africa, and these constitute a valuable source of information about evolutionary change and population movement during Upper Pleistocene and Holocene times. A few fragments from Klasies River Mouth and Die Kelders are firmly associated with Middle Stone Age cultural assemblages, but most of the material is probably linked with the Later Stone Age Albany and Wilton industries. Unfortunately the largest collections of relatively well-preserved remains have come from earlier excavations (Matjes River Shelter, Oakhurst), and the stratigraphic provenance of these burials is frequently in doubt. Other skeletal samples are small, and paleodemographic approaches are diffcult to apply. However, Bushman- or Hottentot-like individuals can certainly be identified, and this is important to the questions of Bushman antiquity or origins. Other problems concerning early Cape populations can also be examined, and this work on the human skeletons should complement ongoing cave sediment and other geological studies, faunal and plant analyses, and archaeological investigations of associated cultural remains. 相似文献
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考古遗址出土骨制品的研究对于揭示古代社会的动物资源获取和利用、手工业生产、社会组织结构等问题具有重要意义.国内骨制品研究目前多集中在农业区域,这些研究为探讨新石器时代至青铜时代的动物使用及其与社会发展、早期国家形成的关系等问题作出了重要贡献.然而,针对牧业社会骨制品的考察十分缺乏.新疆哈密地区巴里坤草原分布有大量古代牧业文化遗址,石人子沟遗址(43°31′12.8″~43°34′28.9″N,93°13′44.8″~93°16′49.1″E)是其中一处青铜时代晚期至铁器时代早期的大型聚落.本文从动物考古学视角研究该遗址2006年至2011年发掘出土的426件骨制品.结果显示,石人子沟遗址骨制品的原料主要为以羊(Ovis aries/Capra hircus)、马(Equus caballus)为主的家养动物和以鹿(Cervidae)为主的野生动物,其中羊的比例最高(69.7%),鹿(13.8%)、马(2.3%)次之,这与中原地区青铜时代农业文化遗址的骨制品多以牛为原料的情况明显不同.羊在骨制品原料中占绝对多数且大量使用羊距骨制品的现象是对石人子沟遗址以牧业为主的生业经济方式的直接反映.石人子沟遗址不同类型骨制品的制作各具特点,但整体表现出"省时省力"的特点,即对使用部位细致打磨,对非使用部位仅做简单处理.与中原地区商周时期大型制骨作坊规范化、规模化、产业化的骨器生产不同,石人子沟遗址未见专门的制骨场所,骨制品生产的操作链条也并不完整.遗址的骨制品生产可能是以家庭为单元进行的,产品的专业化、精细化程度也相对较低.该研究填补了我国古代牧业文化遗址出土骨制品动物考古学专门研究的空白,为进一步探究我国古代不同区域、不同生业经济基础下的制骨手工业面貌提供了重要资料. 相似文献
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《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2019,130(6):719-740
The Cape south coast of South Africa boasts one of the richest Middle Stone Age (MSA) archaeological records in the world. Here coastal caves and rock shelters contain well-documented archives of early humans, including early evidence of human adornment and jewelry, rock engraving and rock paSabstextinting. It has been suggested that palaeoenvironmental conditions in the area were critical to the survival of the human species. Humans travelled over dune surfaces, interdune areas and beaches during this period. These are now preserved as palaeosurfaces in aeolianites and cemented foreshore deposits, through which the ancient landscapes can be interpreted. Such contemporary sand surfaces may have formed potential canvases on which foraging behaviour or the creation of patterns or symbols could have been recorded. We question whether MSA humans left evidence of their presence other than their footprints when moving over these surfaces, and if so, whether such evidence can be discerned and interpreted today, as a hominin signature preserved in exposures of aeolianite and cemented foreshore deposits. We discuss other agents that could have caused similar patterns, and we consider the merits of eight sites that we have identified on the Cape south coast. In combination they encapsulate the complexity, challenges and potential of such study. We conclude that evidence at some of these sites suggests an anthropic origin, potentially constituting a previously undocumented form of MSA hominin expression and activity. 相似文献