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1.
Xu Xiang-Zhou Guo Wen-Zhao Liu Ya-Kun Ma Jian-Zhong Wang Wen-Long Zhang Hong-Wu Gao Hang 《Natural Hazards》2017,85(3):1393-1416
China has a serious wildfire problem with a large number of fires in the south of the country especially during the winter (DJF) and spring (MAM) seasons. This study focused on identifying the causes of variability in inter-annual fire seasons. The relationship between fires and climatic parameters (precipitation, evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration) was evaluated on annual and seasonal (winter, spring) time scales. Certain other parameters (moisture balance, surface moisture balance, coefficient of variability of daily precipitation and ratio between evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration) were also calculated and related to fire variability for both time scales. Inter-annual time scale was found not to be strong enough to explain fire activity in the region; however, inter-seasonal fire variability showed significant correlation with potential evapotranspiration and with the ratio between evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration. The relationship and relative variability between evapotranspiration and the potential evapotranspiration were found to have important effect on inter-seasonal fire variability as compared to the other parameters studied, and link fire activity in the region to large-scale climatic systems. 相似文献
2.
Eighty-two-year rainfall time series have been studied together with climatic patterns of NAO using classical statistical methods. Then, the wavelet approach has been applied to show annual (1 year (1y)) and inter-annual (2–4 years (2-4y), 5–8 years (5-8y), and 8–16 years (8-16y)) modes distributed following four major discontinuities: 1945, 1960, 1975, and 1995. The 1y, 2-4y, and 5-8y powers show high energy during the wet period 1922–1930 and a low one in 1928–1938. After 1945, the annual mode highlights a high energy while the inter-annual modes present low energy. Between 1975 and 1995, powerful modes of 1 and 2–4 years are identified with low power of 5-8y and 8-16y modes. Since 1995, the low power of 5–8y decreases, while the 8-16y mode emphasizes a high variability. The coherence between NAO and Marrakech precipitation is strongly defined for low frequencies with a total contribution of 75 %. This coherence is in phase in the beginning and presents out phase signs since 1945. The change of phase can be associated to a decreasing of coherence especially around 1990. This finding is useful to understand the relationship between the hydrological variability and NAO climate patterns in the southern side of the Mediterranean Sea. 相似文献
3.
Recent Precipitation Trends in Hungary in the Context of Larger Scale Climatic Changes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The time series of monthly precipitation totals from 14 Hungarian observing stations (1901–1998) were analysed to reveal the long term changes in precipitation characteristics occurred in the 20th century. A particular attention was given to the changes in the recent decades and their links with the larger scale climatic and circulation changes over Europe and the Atlantic.The statistical significancesof systematic changes are controlled by linear trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test. The long term fluctuations are illustrated applying a 15-point Gaussian filter on the time series. The Standardised Precipitation Index is used to evaluate the changes in the drought event frequency. The relationships with larger scale changes are mostly discussed relying on contemporary papers, and the Grosswetterlagen Catalogue is used as well.The annual precipitation total decreased by 15–20% in Hungary during the 20th century. The decline is substantial in both halves of the century, but the precipitation sums in the transition seasons declined in the first 50 years, and the winter precipitation decreased in the latest decades. The precipitation total of the period November–February declined significantly in the last 50 years. In the same time the mean winter value of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) increased, the positions of the main pressure patterns over the Atlantic are shifted northeastward, and lot of other coherent changes detected in the winter climate of the European–Atlantic region. The mean summer precipitation total has hardly changed, but the frequency of summer drought events increased. There are some signs of a shift of the Hungarian summer climate towards a Mediterranean like climate. 相似文献
4.
Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall: case of Bizerte-Ichkeul Basin (Northern Tunisia) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examines spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in Bizerte-Ichkeul Watershed. The basin, located in the extreme north of Tunisia, covers an area of 3084 km2. Thirteen rainfall stations, with continuous monthly precipitation records over the period (1970–2011), were considered in the analysis. Two methods were used. In the first, the dimensionless standardized precipitation ratio is applied to examine precipitation temporal variation. The second method is represented by continuous wavelet analysis for the precipitation spatial analysis and the identification of the origin of its variability. The study of temporal variability of annual rainfall showed severe persistent and recurrent drought episodes over the period (1977–2001). Wavelet analysis resulted in detecting the modes and origins of precipitation variability. Three energy bands were clearly identified: (1, 2–4, and 4–8 years) for the entire watershed. The visualization of the power distribution showed that the observed modes of variability are different in their power distributions from one station to another. The approach adopted allowed the identification of two groups with the same precipitation frequency and temporal variation. These groups were defined according to the difference in occurrence of the frequency band for each station. 相似文献
5.
G. Nageswara Rao 《Journal of Earth System Science》1999,108(4):327-332
Rainfall variability over a river basin has greater impact on the water resource in that basin. With this in view, the variability
of the monsoon rainfall over the Godavari river basin has been studied on different time scales. As expected, the monsoon
rainfall in Godavari basin is more variable (17%) than the all-India monsoon rainfall (11%) during the period of study (1951–90).
Similarly, inter-annual variability of the monsoon rainfall on smaller time scales is found to be still higher and increases
while going on from seasonal to daily scales. An interesting observation is that the intra-seasonal variability of the monsoon
rainfall has a significant negative relationship (CC= −0.53) with the total seasonal rainfall in the basin. 相似文献
6.
1960-2003年新疆山区与平原积雪长期变化的对比分析 总被引：35，自引：17，他引：18
对新疆91个地面站44a(1960—2003年)的>0cm积雪日数、冬季最大积雪厚度、冬季降水量和冬季平均温度统计分析,结果发现:伴随着20世纪80年代以来明显的增温增湿变化,新疆积雪呈轻度增长趋势,90年代增加明显.积雪日数和厚度与冬季降水量呈正相关,但与冬季平均温度没有明显相关关系.将91个地面站分成24个山区站和67个平原站的进一步分析表明,山区积雪增幅大于平原,而平原的冬季温度和降水增幅大于山区.60年代和90年代山区和平原呈两个相反方向的同步变化(60年代少雪、少降水和降温;90年代多雪、多降水和增温),但幅度略有不同.70年代和80年代山区和平原无论积雪还是温度、降水量都呈现明显不同的变化. 相似文献
7.
Study on rainfall variations in the middle part of Inner Mongolia,China during the past 43 years 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The study area, the middle part of Inner Mongolia including Hohhot city, Baotou city, Wulanchabu city, Ordos city, Bayannaoer
city and Wuhai city, is one of typical eco-geographical transition zones in China. Using monthly precipitation data (1961–2003)
from 45 meteorological stations in the study area, this paper analyzes characteristics and tendencies of annual and seasonal
rainfall variations, and reveals multi-time scales structures of these time series through wavelet analyses; also, the periods
of annual and seasonal precipitation series are identified, and the periodical oscillations and points of abrupt change at
the principal period scale are discovered. The results show that annual precipitation varies in a large range, and has an
ascending tendency at an increasing rate of 1.482 mm/10a; the multi-time scales periodical oscillations are clear; differences
in tendencies, ranges and decadal precipitation anomalies exist within each decade during 1961–2000. The seasonal allocation
of overall annual precipitation is extremely uneven; in terms of tendencies of seasonal precipitation, winter and spring have
upward trends while summer and autumn have downward tendencies; distinctions in tendencies, ranges and decadal precipitation
anomalies among each seasons are in existence within each decade during 1961–2000. The periodical oscillations of each seasonal
precipitation time series are also evident. The research results not only provide convincing evidence for global climate change
research, but also facilitate the understanding of specific natural process and pattern to make steps to rehabilitate and
reconstruct vegetation, and contribute to fulfill the sustainability of water management. 相似文献
8.
2000-2005年青藏高原积雪时空变化分析 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：10
利用MODIS卫星反演的积雪资料以及同期气象资料,分析了2000-2005年青藏高原积雪分布特征、年际变化及其与同期气温和降水的关系,结果表明:青藏高原积雪分布极不均匀,四周山区多雪,腹地少雪;高原积雪期主要集中在10月到翌年5月;2000-2005年高原积雪年际变化差异较大,积雪面积总体上呈现冬春季减少、夏秋季增加的趋势;气温和降水是影响高原积雪变化的基本因子.冬季,高原积雪面积变化对降水更为敏感;春季,气温是影响高原积雪面积变化更主要的因素. 相似文献
9.
Monthly and inter-annual variation in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have been examined over metropolitan cities (New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai) and hill stations (Mount Abu, Nainital, Srinagar, Kodaikanal, Dalhousie, Gulmarg, Shimla and Munnar) of India during the period 2004?C2010 using satellite-based SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). It is observed that the monthly variation in NO2 over the metropolitan cities is higher during winter (November?CDecember?CJanuary?CFebruary) months and lower during summer monsoon (June?CJuly?CAugust?CSeptember) months. Lower NO2 in summer monsoon leads to the presence of deep convection and higher in winter leads to calm winds and more residential time of gases. Moreover, rapid industrialization and traffic growth are also responsible for the higher NO2. Mean values of NO2 over New Delhi and Mumbai as well as hill stations, such as Mount Abu, Nainital and Shimla, have exhibited more pollution. Similarly, maximum NO2 occurred over the hill stations during pre-monsoon months (April?CMay) and early part of summer monsoon (June). Higher NO2 values are observed in November?CDecember months. All the hill stations also show increasing trend of NO2 during the period 2004?C2010. Increasing pollution of NO2 over the hill stations might also be due to forest fires, biomass burning and long-range transport. Back trajectory analysis shows that the observed peaks in NO2 are a resultant of the long-range transported component amplified by the local environment. In the northern hill stations, pollution seems transported from west Asian and European countries while in the southern hill stations, pollution is originated from southern Indian Ocean and East Asian countries. 相似文献
10.
11.
对鄱阳湖流域内的赣州、宜春、南昌和庐山4个气象站近60年的年降水量序列进行小波分析,研究了鄱阳湖流域降水时间序列的周期性变化规律。结果表明,鄱阳湖流域年降水量存在两个明显的周期变化,分别为30～35a和12～15a,2011年正处在30～35a周期转化的节点上,未来30a鄱阳湖流域可能将进入降水偏少的周期;而12～15a周期尺度在2000年以前比较明显,2000年以后12～15a周期特征趋于消失。通过对ENSO指数的变化周期尺度的研究,发现厄尔尼诺现象的出现周期与鄱阳湖流域年降水量周期十分相似,两者具有很高的相关性。 相似文献
12.
近60年淮河流域夏季降水的变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用淮河流域1961～2017年夏季降水量资料,运用线性回归、滑动平均、Morlet小波、滑动T检验和Lepage检验方法分析了流域夏季降水的周期性特征和年代际变化特征。结果表明:流域夏季降水在大部分时段都具有明显的年际振荡特征,从20世纪90年代开始年代际振荡特征非常突出;流域夏季降水具有2～3a的年际变化周期和18～24a的年代际变化周期,1961～1967年、1997～2006年期间2～3a的短周期振荡非常显著,1990年以后18～24a的周期变得非常明显;在2000年前后,流域33～35°N纬向带状区域发生了显著的年代际突变现象,突变后与之前相比夏季降水增多了40%～60%;在2009年,流域沿淮河一线以北至35°N范围内再次发生显著的年代际突变现象,突变后降水减少了20%以上,此次年代际突变范围更广也更加显著,其物理成因值得进一步研究。 相似文献
13.
阿克苏河源流区径流量与降水量丰枯变化和相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用新疆塔里木河流域阿克苏河源流区出山口沙里桂兰克和协合拉两水文站1957-2008年近50a的径流和降水数据, 借助Z指数法、参数T检验和非参数检验和小波变换等, 分析了阿克苏河两水文站降水量和径流量的变化趋势, 以及二者多时间尺度相关关系.结果表明:近50a来, 沙里桂兰克、协合拉径流量和降水量均呈增加趋势, 两水文站径流量在1993年发生了显著的增多突变, 其中, 降水量突变点沙里桂兰克在1985年, 协合拉在1986年.沙里桂兰克和协合拉降水量和径流量丰枯指数由突变前的"偏枯"和"正常"等级为主转变为突变后的"正常"和"偏涝"等级占优势.沙里桂兰克和协合拉径流量变化分别存在7a和6a的主周期, 降水量变化分别存在7a和4a的主周期.沙里桂兰克径流量和降水量在整个时间尺度上以正相关为主, 协合拉则以负相关为主, 在大于20a的时间尺度上两水文站径流量和降水量均呈不显著的正相关关系. 相似文献
14.
A high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from Lago Melli (42°46′S, 73°33′W) documents the occurrence of forest fires in the lowlands of Isla Grande de Chiloé, southern Chile, over the last 16,000 yr. Our data suggest that fire activity in this region was largely modulated by the position/intensity of the southern westerlies at multi-millennial time scales. Fire activity was infrequent or absent between 16,000-11,000 and 8500-7000 cal yr BP and was maximal between ∼ 11,000-8500 and 3000-0 cal yr BP. A mosaic of Valdivian/North Patagonian rainforest species started at ∼ 6000 cal yr BP, along with a moderate increase in fire activity which intensified subsequently at 3000 cal yr BP. The modern transition between these forest communities and the occurrence of fires are largely controlled by summer moisture stress and variability, suggesting the onset of high-frequency variability in summer precipitation regimes starting at ∼ 5500 cal yr BP. Because negative anomalies in summer precipitation in this region are teleconnected with modern El Niño events, we propose that the onset of El Niño-like variability at ∼ 5700-6200 cal yr BP led to a reshuffling of rainforest communities in the lowlands of Isla Grande de Chiloé and an increase in fire activity. 相似文献
15.
利用青藏高原69个气象台站的降水量资料,采用旋转经验正交函数分析（REOF）、线性趋势分析和累积距平法,系统地研究了1961-2010年青藏高原降水的时空变化规律,揭示了青藏高原不同区域降水变化的差异性.研究表明：近50 a来青藏高原降水量总体呈现增加趋势,增长率为6.7 mm·（10a）-1;青藏高原降水季节分配极不均匀,雨季和旱季非常明显,雨季降水占有主导作用;青藏高原降水由东南向西北递减,而且年际变化具有一定的多元化特征;青藏高原降水量变化空间分布差异显著,采用REOF法将整个高原划分为10个小区,每个小区降水变化都具有不同的特征,除了青海东北部区和青海东南部-川北区降水呈减少趋势外,其他8个小区降水均呈增加趋势. 相似文献
16.
The summer monsoon rainfall over Orissa, a state on the eastern coast of India, is more significantly related than Indian
summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) to the cyclonic disturbances developing over the Bay of Bengal. Orissa experiences floods and
droughts very often due to variation in the characteristics of these disturbances. Hence, an attempt was made to find out
the inter-annual variability in the rainfall over Orissa and the frequencies of different categories of cyclonic disturbances
affecting Orissa during monsoon season (June–September). For this purpose, different statistical characteristics, such as
mean, coefficient of variation, trends and periodicities in the rainfall and the frequencies of different categories of cyclonic
disturbances affecting Orissa, were analysed from 100 years (1901–2000) of data. The basic objective of the study was to find
out the contribution of inter-annual variability in the frequency of cyclonic disturbances to the inter-annual variability
of monsoon rainfall over Orissa.
The relationship between summer monsoon rainfall over Orissa and the frequency of cyclonic disturbances affecting Orissa shows
temporal variation. The correlation between them has significantly decreased since the 1950s. The variation in their relationship
is mainly due to the variation in the frequency of cyclonic disturbances affecting Orissa. The variability of both rainfall
and total cyclonic disturbances has been above normal since the 1960s, leading to more floods and droughts over Orissa during
recent years. The inter-annual variability of seasonal rainfall over Orissa and the frequency of cyclonic disturbances affecting
Orissa during monsoon season show a quasi-biennial oscillation period of 2–2.8 years. There is least impact of El Nino southern
oscillation (ENSO) on inter-annual variability of both the seasonal rainfall over Orissa and the frequencies of monsoon depressions/total
cyclonic disturbances affecting Orissa. 相似文献
17.
Temporal Change Characteristics of Climatic and Its Relationships with Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Qinghai Lake Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on monthly meteorological data from 11 stations(1959-2015)in Qinghai Basin(QHB) and its surrounding area, we analyzed monthly average temperature(Tmean), average maximum(TXam), minimum temperature(TNam) and precipitation variation characteristics as well as the influence of atmospheric oscillation on these parameters using Mann-Kendall trend analysis, mutation analysis, continuous Morlet wavelet transform, Pearson correlation analysis and R/S analysis method. In addition, the future trend of climate change in the regional scale was also discussed. We found that the temperature and precipitation increment were obvious in the region, especially the Tmean in autumn, winter, TXam and TNam in summer and winter precipitation showing significant increase. Temperature and precipitation experienced abrupt changes around 1986 and 2002, respectively. The period of oscillation of each temperature indices was similar featuring 2~3 years,8~10 years short- cycle and 30~32 years middle- cycle, while that for the precipitation featured 3~4 years,6~7 years short- cycle and 30~32 years middle- cycle. The East Asian Summer Monsoon Index(EASMI) anomaly is an important factor for the anomaly of autumn temperature and summer precipitation in QHB, while the Indian Summer Monsoon Index(ISMI) mainly affects the spring temperature and precipitation in the research area. The effects of Arctic Oscillation Index (AO) were relatively strong on temperature variation, especially in autumn and winter, and AO had significant effect on the precipitation in spring, summer and winter, too. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO) and ENSO have weak influence on the study area, NAO mainly affects summer and winter precipitation, while ENSO mainly affects autumn precipitation. The Hurst index of Tmean and annual precipitation in QHB are higher than 0.5, indicating that the temperature and precipitation in the study area will continue to be the positive trend in the future period. 相似文献
18.
对中国北方243个站点1958—2009年逐月降水资料,采用小波分析和奇异谱分析(SSA)方法,在分4区基础上,对北方不同地区降水的周期和趋势进行分析,并进行比较。结果表明,西北地区(青海区、干旱区)降水的趋势性比北方中、东部区的明显。北方中、东部区在20世纪50年代末到60年代相对多雨,而青海区、干旱区在20世纪50年代末到70年代末或80年代中相对少雨。在20世纪80年代,北方中部区降水由偏多转为偏少,而其余3个区域(北方东部区、青海区、干旱区)的降水由偏少转为偏多,发生和持续时间各不相同。近几年,北方东部区、北方中部区、青海区的降水增加,而干旱区降水下降。北方东部区、中部区、干旱区存在10年以上的长周期,北方东部区为准22年,北方中部区为准15年,干旱区为准11年,这种长周期在20世纪80年代之后变得规则且稳定。北方降水普遍存在准2～3年周期和准5年周期,其振幅有明显的年际、年代际变化,具有一定的周期性。 相似文献
19.
The response of river discharge to climate fluctuations in the source region of the Yellow River 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The Yellow River is the second biggest river in China and serves as a source of domestic and agricultural water supply in the watershed. In the last several decades, this river’s discharge reduced to zero several times since 1960, especially in the 1990s. The decreasing river flow has caused some serious eco-environmental problems in the source region. To study the important effects of climate on river discharge in the source area, a data set of 44 water-year river flow, air temperature and precipitation is selected and wavelet analysis is performed to describe and identify the features of climate (air temperature and precipitation) and river discharge. Results of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) show that all three parameters have common significant periods of 1–2 and 3–6 years against red noise in different time spans while river discharge probably has a 16-year-period mainly in the cone of influence (COI). Comparison of river flow and its CWT suggests these zero river flows are connected to extreme low values located in different scales, indicating that climate does control the river discharge in the source area. The cross wavelet (XWT) and wavelet coherence (WTC) clearly illustrate that the first zero river discharge (about in 1961) is only related to precipitation, while the rest have resulted from the combination of air temperature and precipitation. 相似文献
20.
We apply Fourier and wavelet analyses to the precipitation and sunspot numbers in the time series (1901–2000) over Australia
(27°S, 133°E), Canada (60°N, 95°W), Ethiopia (8°N, 38°E), Greenland (72°N, 40°W), United Kingdom (54°N, 2°W), India (20°N,
77°E), Iceland (65°N, 18°W), Japan (36°N, 138°E), United States (38°N, 97°W), South Africa (29°S, 24°E) and Russia (60°N,
100°E). Correlation analyses were also performed to find any relation among precipitation, sunspot numbers, temperature, and
cloud-cover at the same spatial and temporal scale. Further correlations were also performed between precipitation with electron
and proton fluence at the time interval, 1987–2006. All these parameters were considered in annual and seasonal scales. Though
correlation study between precipitation and other parameters do not hint any linear relation, still the Fourier and wavelet
analyses give an idea of common periodicities. The 9–11 year periodicity of sunspot numbers calculated by Fourier transform
is also confirmed by wavelet transform in annual scale. Similarly, wavelet analysis for precipitation also supports the short
periods at 2–5 years which is verified by Fourier transform in discontinuous time over different geographic regions. 相似文献