共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
P.Vallabh Sharma 《Tectonophysics》1984,105(1-4)
Various hypotheses have been put forth in relation to the land uplift of Fennoscandia, which is well documented both by geological and geodetic observations. Most modern authors attribute the present uplift to an isostatic rebound of the earth after the last deglaciation. Recent information on the gravity field, both from the satellite data and land survey measurements is examined to ascertain whether the Fennoscandian uplift is associated with a gravity minimum and a mass deficit. Free air anomalies correlate well with the central area of uplift and predict a remaining uplift of about 100 m. Results of secular gravity measurements are inconclusive. Seismicity of Fennoscandia does not show a close association with the area of maximum uplift. Different rheological models proposed for the mantle below the Fennoscandian shield are reviewed and it is shown that the available data on the rates of uplift for the last 9000 years are more compatible with a low-viscosity (1020 P) asthenosphere of 100–200 km thickness. 相似文献
2.
Modern geodetic techniques have developed rapidly in recent years, providing reliable observation data and new effective approaches, and greatly enhancing studies of the Tibetan geodynamics. For instance, the well-known GPS technique has been employed to measure seismic slips for many faults in the Tibetan Plateau. GPS data agree well with the hypothesis of a thickening crust and eastward mass flow. Moreover, absolute gravimetric data have been applied to interpret geophysical phenomena such as crust movement, co-seismic gravity change, GIA, and ground water change. The satellite gravity mission GRACE launched in 2002 provided global gravity models with unprecedentedly high precision and high spatial resolution. It has been used in implementing temporal gravity changes and improving our knowledge of the Earth’s interior, including lithosphere dynamics, mantle viscosity and rheology, plateau uplift, and subduction processing. It is noteworthy that gravity presents unique advantages for the study of Tibetan geodynamics because of its sensitivity to mass migration and dynamic redistribution. To date, great advances have been made in applying modern geodetic data in studying dynamic changes of Tibetan plateau. For instance, the horizontal displacement field from GPS data revealed dynamical characteristics of the present-day Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity anomalies and topographic data describe the tectonic characteristics of Tibetan plateau. The combination of gravity data and GPS data show present properties of the Tibetan plateau such as crust thickening, Moho’s subsidence, and plateau uplift. GRACE data were used to estimate the distribution of ice/snow melting. 相似文献
3.
In this study, regional evapotranspiration is estimated in a wide flatland area that includes Salado River Basin and four tributary basins by using gravity measurements of the space mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Monthly estimates of large-scale variations in the land-water storage are obtained from the satellite data. Evapotranspiration is computed with the water-balance equation using the GRACE land-water solutions, rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center and runoff values obtained as 5% of the precipitation. GRACE-derived evapotranspiration values are consistent with the different climatic scenarios observed, and they satisfactorily agree with estimates provided by a global hydrological model. The overall results show that the method used is a valid tool for characterizing the evapotranspiration in the Argentine Pampas and that it can be used to detect and examine changes in the evapotranspiration pattern associated with the occurrence of extreme climatic events. This study illustrates the ability of GRACE to analyze and predict evapotranspiration and other processes on a regional scale in a flatland area. 相似文献
4.
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) observations have been used to de-tect the co-seismic and post-seismic gravity field variations due to the Mw=9.3 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that occurred on December 26,2004.This article focuses on investigating some gravita-tional effects caused by this huge earthquake.We computed the geoid height changes,the equivalent water height(EWH) changes,and the gravity changes using the GRACE Level-2 monthly spherical harmonic(SH) solutions released by University of ... 相似文献
5.
Jianliang Huang Goran Pavlic Alfonso Rivera Dan Palombi Brian Smerdon 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(7):1663-1680
The applicability of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to adequately represent broad-scale patterns of groundwater storage (GWS) variations and observed trends in groundwater-monitoring well levels (GWWL) is examined in the Canadian province of Alberta. GWS variations are derived over Alberta for the period 2002–2014 using the Release 05 (RL05) monthly GRACE gravity models and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) land-surface models. Twelve mean monthly GWS variation maps are generated from the 139 monthly GWS variation grids to characterize the annual GWS variation pattern. These maps show that, overall, GWS increases from February to June, and decreases from July to October, and slightly increases from November to December. For 2002–2014, the GWS showed a positive trend which increases from west to east with a mean value of 12 mm/year over the province. The resulting GWS variations are validated using GWWLs in the province. For the purpose of validation, a GRACE total water storage (TWS)-based correlation criterion is introduced to identify groundwater wells which adequately represent the regional GWS variations. GWWLs at 36 wells were found to correlate with both the GRACE TWS and GWS variations. A factor f is defined to up-scale the GWWL variations at the identified wells to the GRACE-scale GWS variations. It is concluded that the GWS variations can be mapped by GRACE and the GLDAS models in some situations, thus demonstrating the conditions where GWS variations can be detected by GRACE in Alberta. 相似文献
6.
对近年升空的CHAMP和GRACE和将于2007年升空的GOCE卫星在测定地球重力场方面的技术特点和初步成果进行了回顾、比较和评估。并对它们今后在静态和动态的地球重力场构模方面可能的进展作一展望。现在只用一颗重力卫星的轨道摄动数据，就可以以前所未有的可靠性和精确性来求定地球重力场的长波和部分中波。如CHAMP重力卫星的33个月数据所求定的地球重力场模型,相对于曾利用多颗卫星资料所推算的GR1M5 S1重力场模型,在长波方面的精度和可靠性都有很大改善。而GRACE重力卫星的 110天数据所导出成果的空间分辨率，又优于CHAMP的33个月的数据成果。GRACE卫星还有一个重要任务，就是测定重力场非潮汐的短期性或准实时的变化。还介绍了新发表的一个联合地球重力场模型EIGEN CG03C, 360完全阶次，分辨率约30′。CG03C同CHAMP/GRACE以前的重力场模型比较，在400 km波长的精度方面改善了一个量级，大地水准面的精度改善了3 cm，重力异常的精度改善了0.4 mgal。 相似文献
7.
Estimating groundwater storage changes in the Mississippi River basin (USA) using GRACE 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Matthew Rodell Jianli Chen Hiroko Kato James S. Famiglietti Joe Nigro Clark R. Wilson 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(1):159-166
Based on satellite observations of Earth’s time variable gravity field from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), it is possible to derive variations in terrestrial water storage, which includes groundwater, soil moisture, and snow. Given auxiliary information on the latter two, one can estimate groundwater storage variations. GRACE may be the only hope for groundwater depletion assessments in data-poor regions of the world. In this study, soil moisture and snow were simulated by the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and used to isolate groundwater storage anomalies from GRACE water storage data for the Mississippi River basin and its four major sub-basins. Results were evaluated using water level records from 58 wells set in the unconfined aquifers of the basin. Uncertainty in the technique was also assessed. The GRACE-GLDAS estimates compared favorably with the well based time series for the Mississippi River basin and the two sub-basins that are larger than 900,000 km2. The technique performed poorly for the two sub-basins that have areas of approximately 500,000 km2. Continuing enhancement of the GRACE processing methods is likely to improve the skill of the technique in the future, while also increasing the temporal resolution. 相似文献
8.
重力卫星五年运行对求定地球重力场模型的进展和展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对近年升空的CHAMP和GRACE和将于2007年升空的GOCE卫星在测定地球重力场方面的技术特点和初步成果进行了回顾、比较和评估。并对它们今后在静态和动态的地球重力场构模方面可能的进展作一展望。现在只用一颗重力卫星的轨道摄动数据，就可以以前所未有的可靠性和精确性来求定地球重力场的长波和部分中波。如CHAMP重力卫星的33个月数据所求定的地球重力场模型，相对于曾利用多颗卫星资料所推算的GRlM5-S1重力场模型，在长波方面的精度和可靠性都有很大改善。而GRACE重力卫星的110天数据所导出成果的空间分辨率，又优于CHAMP的33个月的数据成果。GRACE卫星还有一个重要任务，就是测定重力场非潮汐的短期性或准实时的变化。还介绍了新发表的一个联合地球重力场模型EIGEN-CG03C，360完全阶次，分辨率约30′。CG03C同CHAMP／GRACE以前的重力场模型比较，在400km波长的精度方面改善了一个量级，大地水准面的精度改善了3cm，重力异常的精度改善了0．4mgal。 相似文献
9.
Wolfgang Torge 《Tectonophysics》1986,130(1-4):385-393
Through recent developments in absolute and relative techniques, gravimetry has reached an accuracy of a few hundredths to a few tenths of μm s−2 *in small or large-scale networks, respectively. Consequently, gravimetric techniques can now be employed as one efficient tool for detecting vertical crustal movements. Gravity data are necessary for converting the results of geometric levelling to heights defined in the gravity field, and—by repeated surveys—to control time variations of the height-reference surface. More important is the use of repeated gravity surveys for strengthening and partly replacing levelling, being a time-consuming procedure with unfavourable error propagation over larger distances. The successful application of observed gravity variations with time in the detection of vertical crustal movements depends on the reliability of the conversion factor between gravity and height changes, and on the accuracy of the gravity measurements. The conversion factor should be determined through simultaneous levelling and gravimetry, in representative parts of the survey region. Strategies for establishing gravimetric control are changing now with the availability of transportable absolute gravity meters, and the possibility of accurately calibrating relative instruments and observing small gravity differences with feed-back-systems. Consequently, more attention has to be given now to disturbing effects of environmental character, such as microseismics, atmospheric pressure and groundwater table variations, and to periodic effects such as gravimetric earth tides and polar motion. 相似文献
10.
In this paper we provide a literature review of the geological and geographic problems that were successfully solved via the application of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission data. GRACE is a gravitational satellite mission whose purpose is the precise mapping of variations of the Earth’s gravity field. The data have high resolution, which provides the opportunity to solve many geological and geographical problems. 相似文献
11.
Terrestrial water storage (TWS), a sum total of water stored on or beneath the earth’s surface, transits in response to hydroclimatic processes such as precipitation, evapo-transpiration, runoff etc. and serves an indicator of hydrological condition of a region. We analyse spatio-temporal variance of water storage in Krishna Basin, India, derived from in-situ groundwater data and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data in order to determine physical causes of variations, and compare the variance with climatic factors such as Cumulative Rainfall Departure (CRD) and drought index i.e. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). GRACE satellite based TWS is found to reflect insitu groundwater changes and also shows a relationship with drought patterns as indicated by a good correlation with SPI. The largest part of TWS represents seasonal flux, and at an interannual scale, TWS depicts spatio-temporal variability in response to drought index viz. SPI. We infer that the groundwater storage derived from GRACE time-variable gravity solutions can be utilised to complement in-situ observations at basin scale and it reflects climatic forcing quite well. 相似文献
12.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(11-12):963-967
An elastically homogeneous, compressible half space model with vertical density stratification is employed to compute the displacement field and the gravity variations produced by the inflation of a spherically symmetric deformation source. Contributions to gravity variations are produced by (1) the displacements of the free surface and of subsurface layers, (2) dilation/contraction of the medium, (3) the displacement of source boundaries and, possibly, by (4) new mass input from remote distances into the source volume. Two extreme cases were examined in detail, in which the magma chamber is identified as the deformation source: in the first model the volume and pressure increase is due to input of magma with the same density of the magma already resident in the magma chamber (deformation source with constant density), in the second model it is due to magma differentiation (deformation source with constant mass). In recent years (1970–72 and 1982–84) two inflation episodes took place in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), characterized by significant ground uplift and strongly correlated gravity variations. From the comparison between measured and computed gravity residuals (free-air-corrected gravity variations) we can assess that an inflation source with constant density would predict gravity residuals consistent with those measured during the phase of uplift (within experimental errors), while an expansion at constant mass would predict gravity residuals much lower than observed. However, during the subsidence phase, which followed after the maximum uplift in 1984, gravity residuals at most sites were completely different from those measured during the uplift phase, suggesting that more mass left the system during deflation than entered during inflation. An alternative model is then proposed, in which the deformation source is ascribed to fluid pressure increase within a geothermal system, close to the critical point, shallower than the magma chamber. 相似文献
13.
根据不同地幔粘滞度的冰川均衡调整(glacial isostatic adjustment, GIA)模型, 研究了地球内部各个圈层对GIA粘性重力扰动速率的贡献, 检验了粘性重力扰动速率与径向位移速率的近似关系及其是否独立于地幔粘滞度, 同时利用绝对重力和GPS(global positioning system)径向位移数据从实测角度对Wahr的近似关系进行比较和验证.结果表明: 岩石圈对GIA重力扰动速率和大地水准面异常速率的贡献都超过了86%, 而岩石圈以下5个圈层的总贡献不大于14%;利用近似关系, 由重力信号转换的径向位移速率与有限元模拟的结果相对差异大约为15%, 且相对差异的大小不依赖于地幔粘滞度的变化; 根据北美绝对重力和GPS径向位移数据得到实测的粘性重力-径向位移比值为0.141±0.014 μGal/mm, 与Wahr的理论值(0.154 μGal/mm)非常接近, 相对差异仅为9.2%.因此, 定量给出了粘性重力-径向位移近似关系的不确定性为9.2%~15.0%, 为利用此近似关系分离GIA和现今地表质量变化粘弹信号的不确定性估计提供了重要参考. 相似文献
14.
N.-A. Mörner Dr. 《GeoJournal》1979,3(3):287-318
The history of the recording and interpretation of the Fennoscandian uplift illustrates the main history of Earth sciences because the results obtained had (and still have) immediate impact of the interpretation of a large number of fundamental problems in Earth sciences. Thanks to a paper of De Geer in 1888, the glacial isostatic origin was established. Fennoscandia became the classic area of glacial isostasy, and its sea level records were used for geophysical calculations of the properties and dynamics of the mantle and crust. The varve dated sea level curve of Lidén (1938) from the center of uplift provided an exceptionally well dated record. With the radiocarbon method, the records of shorelines and shorelevel displacement curves were drastically improved providing a totally new basis for the understanding of the geodynamics of the Fennoscandian uplift and for the geophysical interpretation of the data obtained. This is especially true in combination with the repeated levelling data obtained during the last decades for Finland and Sweden.The Late Cenozoic long term movements of the Fennoscandian Shield are characterized by a considerable subsidence. The postglacial uplift of Fennoscandia is complex (an exponential and a linear factor) and caused by two different mechanisms. The total absolute movement in relation to the last glaciation is an elliptic uplift cone of 830 m height surrounded by a subsidence through of 170 m height. The mass in the uplift cone and in the subsidence through is as 1:1 with a volume 0.7 × 106km3. The disappearence/appearance of mass give evidence of a mass transfer in a low viscosity asthenosphere. The properties and conditions of the asthenosphere are found to be: 1–10 × 1020 Poises in viscosity, 3 × 10–14 – 3 × 10–16 sec–1 in strain rates, 0.7% of the melting temperature, 3 mm in grain size, and 5–0.4 bar in stress. The main isostatic uplift (the exponential factor) originates from an asthenospheric dislocation glide process which in early-mid Holocene time changed over into a diffusion creep process. The present linear uplift factor (identified through the last 8000 yrs) seems to originate from mesospheric motions under the following approximate conditions: 0.6% of the melting temperature, 2 × 1022 Poises in viscosity, 3 × 10–16 sec–1 in strain rates and 8 bars in stress. Uplift irregularities and neotectonism are frequently established and often reveal an old geodynamic inheritance (e.g. the Pre-Baikalian/Gothian bedrock seam of high geodynamic activity). The peak rates of glacial isostasy are associated with intensive fracturing, faulting and seismic activity. 相似文献
15.
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission is aimed at assessment of groundwater storage under different terrestrial conditions. The main objective of the presented study is to highlight the significance of aquifer complexity to improve the performance of GRACE in monitoring groundwater. Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, central India, was selected as the study area for analysis, since the region comprises a simple aquifer system in the western region and a complex aquifer system in the eastern region. Groundwater-level-trend analyses of the different aquifer systems and spatial and temporal variation of the terrestrial water storage anomaly were studied to understand the groundwater scenario. GRACE and its field application involve selecting four pixels from the GRACE output with different aquifer systems, where each GRACE pixel encompasses 50–90 monitoring wells. Groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) are derived for each pixel for the period 2002 to 2015 using the Release 05 (RL05) monthly GRACE gravity models and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) land-surface models (GWSAGRACE) as well as the actual field data (GWSAActual). Correlation analysis between GWSAGRACE and GWSAActual was performed using linear regression. The Pearson and Spearman methods show that the performance of GRACE is good in the region with simple aquifers; however, performance is poorer in the region with multiple aquifer systems. The study highlights the importance of incorporating the sensitivity of GRACE in estimation of groundwater storage in complex aquifer systems in future studies. 相似文献
16.
This study is devoted to the first French determinations of absolute gravity in the Antarctic (Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adélie) and Arctic (Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen) polar regions. The measurements in Dumont-d'Urville were performed in 2000 with the help of the FG5#206 absolute gravimeter belonging to the French geodetic community since beginning 1997; they show a strong noise that causes an uncertainty close to 11 μGal in the determination of the mean gravity value, which will be compared, to a new determination planned for 2005. The Ny-Alesund measurements show on the contrary a noise that, although very variable in time, leads to a gravity determination of better than 5 μGal. The comparison of our value with a previous one two years before suggests a gravity decrease of about 4 μGal which is related to the vertical uplift measured by Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at the same site. However, the uncertainty does not allow discriminating between height-to-gravity conversion factors originating from different models. To cite this article: J. Hinderer et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 819–826. 相似文献
17.
Recent decrease of water supply in central Asia and south Asia affects billions of people here. By filtering the errors at
higher frequency components and correcting for the contaminated components, we enhance the monthly GRACE gravity fields to
improve the determination of change in equivalent water height (EWH). The water storage changes from GRACE and the GLDAS hydrology
model all show decreasing trends in this region. At the annual and inter-annual time scales, significant correlations between
the variations in EWH and the variations in temperature, precipitation and snow equivalent height are found, especially at
high altitude stations, suggesting that climate change is the driving factor for the water depletion in central Asia and south
Asia. 相似文献
18.
E. N. Vinyaikin 《Astronomy Reports》2014,58(9):626-639
Many-year measurements of the radio flux of the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A relative to the radio galaxy Cygnus A were continued at 290 and 151.5 MHz. The new data are used together with previously published observations carried out at decameter, meter, centimeter, and millimeter wavelengths to derive the frequency dependence of the secular variation of the radio flux density of Cas A: $d_\nu [\% year^{ - 1} ] = - (0.63 \pm 0.02) + (0.04 \pm 0.01)\ln \nu [GHz] + (1.51 \pm 0.16) \times 10^{ - 5} (\nu [GHz])^{ - 2.1} $ . The observed slowing of the secular variations with decreasing frequency at decameter wavelengths can be explained by a decrease in the optical depth of a remnant HII zone around Cas A with time due to recombination of hydrogen atoms. The new derived frequency dependence for the rate of the secular decrease, absolute and relative measurements of the radio flux density of Cas A carried out over the last 25 years, and the absolute spectrum of Cyg A are used to construct the spectrum of Cas A in the range 5–250 000 MHz predicted for epoch 2015.5. 相似文献
19.
20.
通过对全国39个铀成矿带和29个预测区的重力数据处理、重力异常提取、地质构造推断,为全国铀矿资源潜力评价提供了构造单元、断裂构造、岩体范围及深度、盆地范围和地层结构等预测要素。总结了铀成矿环境的重力场特征,与热液成矿作用有关的铀矿（花岗岩型、火山岩型、及部分碳硅泥岩型）主要位于区域重力场从高场向低场过渡的部位或偏向低场区域,主要成矿要素花岗岩岩体、火山盆地均表现为重力低场;大型砂岩型铀矿成矿盆地位于区域重力场的高场区域,而蚀源区则为低场,盆地边缘或内部的隆起区一般位于剩余重力高场区;与上述各类型铀成矿有密切关系的断裂构造在重力场中显示为梯度带、不同性质重力异常的分界线、串珠状异常或条带状异常。 相似文献