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1.
琼东南盆地南部隆起带天然气水合物赋存特征分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
天然气水合物是21世纪最具潜力的接替煤炭、石油和天然气的新型洁净能源之一。我国南海蕴藏着丰富的水合物资源,目前已在南海北部陆坡神狐、东沙、海马区发现丰富的水合物资源。本文分析了琼东南盆地南部隆起带天然气水合物赋存的地质条件,开展了地球物理资料的分析与海底反射(BSR)识别,计算了水合物热动力学稳定带厚度。研究表明,琼东南盆地南部隆起带具备水合物赋存的地质条件,渗漏构造发育,游离气丰富,BSR表现为强振幅、不连续等特征,水合物稳定带厚度大,具有较大的天然气水合物资源潜力。  相似文献   

2.
海洋天然气水合物的类型及特征   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
根据天然气水合物的产出条件,海洋环境水合物可以分为二类扩散系统水合物和渗漏系统水合物。扩散系统水合物分布广泛,在水合物稳定带内是水-水合物两相共存的热力学平衡体系,游离气仅发育于稳定带之下,在地震剖面上发育有指示水合物底界的强反射面(BSR)。该类水合物含量低,埋藏深。除温度和压力外,水合物的沉淀受甲烷溶解度和扩散速度的控制,并与气体组分、孔隙水盐度、天然气供应和有机碳转化等有关。渗漏系统与断层等通道相伴生,水合物发育于渗漏系统整个水合物稳定带,是水-水合物-游离气三相共存的热力学非平衡体系,水合物的沉淀受动力学控制。该类水合物含量高,埋藏浅,但一般不发育BSR。而且,天然气渗漏活动在海底沉积物和上覆水体中形成了一系列特殊的地质、地球物理、地球化学和特异生物群异常。  相似文献   

3.
Heat flow and gas hydrates of the Baikal Rift Zone   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Multi-channel seismic studies (MCS), performed during a Russian expedition in 1989 and a joint Russian-American expedition in 1992, have for the first time revealed a “bottom simulating reflector” (BSR) in Lake Baikal. These data have shown that gas hydrates occur in the southern and central basins of Lake Baikal in those places where the water depth exceeds 500–700 m. Four types of tectonic influence on the distribution of the gas hydrate were revealed: (a) Modern faults displace the BSR as they do with normal seismic boundaries. (b) Older faults displace normal reflectors, whereas the BSR is not displaced. (c) Modern faults form zones, where the BSR has been totally destroyed. (4) Processes that occur within older fault zones situated close to the base of the hydrated sediment layer lead to undulations of the BSR. The thickness of the hydrate stability field (inferred from seismic data) ranges between 35 and 450 m. Heat-flow values determined from BSR data range from 48 to 119 mW/m2. A comparison between heat-flow values from BSR data and values measured directly on the lake bottom shows an overall coincidence. Changes in water level and bottom-water temperature that occurred in the past have had no noticeable influence on the present BSR depths or heat-flow values. Determination of deep heat flow from BSR data is in this case more reliable than by direct measurements. Received: 10 December 1998 / Accepted: 15 November 1999  相似文献   

4.
天然气水合物地震响应研究——中国南海HD152测线应用实例   总被引:24,自引:13,他引:11  
目前识别水合物的主要依据是BSR和其上具有高速特征的空白带。当BSR不存在, 或由于水合物饱和度较高导致空白带特征不明显时, 水合物的识别是未解决的问题。针对这种情况, 提出了一种更实用的水合物识别模式: 低速背景中近似平行于海底的高速地质体是水合物带的特征, 水合物带泊松比降低, 利用纵横波速度信息易于识别水合物带下是否存在游离气。基于上述水合物的识别模式, 以中国南海HD152测线为实例进行了天然气水合物的识别研究。  相似文献   

5.
Multi-channel seismic (MCS) reflection data recorded offshore from Valdivia (40° S), in the Chilean margin, were processed to obtain a seismic image to establish structural characteristics and relate them to the presence of the bottom-simulating reflector (BSR). Seismic structure velocity of the BSR was determined using 1-D forward modeling. Recorded seismograms for two representative common mid-point (CMP) gathers were compared with synthetics, using different physical parameters to fit the waveforms. Our results confirm the presence of gas hydrates above the BSR. The BSR spatial continuity appears to be either interrupted or irregular due to the presence of faults. Tectonic movements can change the gas hydrate stability zone and consequently the BSR disappears or becomes weaker. Structural and topographic factors, differences in concentration, vertical distribution characteristics and internal structure of gas hydrates can influence BSR amplitude behavior. Variability in the concentration, volume, and extra supply of free gas coming from faults could be the main factors in the change of BSR amplitudes. The inclusion of the attenuation factor in the modeling supports the existence of free gas below the BSR. It is possible that the free gas below the BSR is distributed in bubbles or “bags”.  相似文献   

6.
西藏羌塘盆地鸭湖地区天然气水合物成藏条件   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来中国陆域冻土区天然气水合物调查研究结果表明,气源条件是制约羌塘盆地天然气水合物找矿突破的关键因素。为明确鸭湖地区天然气水合物成藏潜力,基于近年来的钻探调查成果,从陆域冻土区天然气水合物成藏系统理论出发,系统分析了影响天然气水合物成藏的冻土、气源、储集、构造等地质因素。分析结果显示,鸭湖地区局部具有较好的冻土、地温、气源、储集、构造及水源条件,具备一定的天然气水合物成藏潜力,继续寻找充足的烃类气源是下一步天然气水合物调查的主要方向。同时,选取钻探调查获取的地温梯度、气体组分等参数,结合音频大地电磁测深(AMT)冻土厚度调查成果,对鸭湖地区天然气水合物稳定带的厚度和底界深度进行了预测。结果显示,当甲烷为85%、乙烷为9%、丙烷为6%时,天然气水合物稳定带厚度与冻土厚度分布变化基本一致,稳定带厚度400~630m,底界深度400~680m。当甲烷为98%、乙烷为2%时,天然气水合物稳定带厚度急剧减薄,大部分地区仅有0~30m,最厚仅有150m,局部地区稳定带底界最深仅为240m。结合气测录井结果,认为渐新世唢呐湖组比上三叠统土门格拉组更具备天然气水合物成藏潜力,土门格拉组自身具备较强的生排烃能力,可作为寻找常规油气或页岩气的一个重要层位。  相似文献   

7.
气源运聚通道与天然气水合物富集成藏关系密切。利用准三维地震资料并结合钻探成果,深入研究了神狐海域GMGS3钻探区高饱和度水合物站位气源运移疏导通道地质地球物理特征及其控藏作用。结果表明:高饱和度水合物产出站位发育多种类型运移疏导通道,且与BSR空间耦合关系较好;紧邻BSR之下为强振幅反射,强振幅下部游离气体充注现象明显,表明水合物稳定域下部存在气体运移的通道,且深部气体向浅层发生了运移。深大断裂、底辟及气烟囱构成了沟通深部热解气及浅层生物气与浅层温压稳定域的垂向通道,在这些通道上方可以直接形成水合物;浅部滑塌面、水道砂及海底扇构成的高孔渗连续性砂体为浅层生物气及深部运移而来的部分热成因气横向运移通道,气体的侧向运移扩大了气体供给范围,增加了矿体横向展布规模。文章认为,天然气运移疏导系统与其他成藏要素匹配良好的构造和区域是勘探高饱和度水合物的有利目标。  相似文献   

8.
Gas hydrates have received global attention as a possible alternative non-conventional energy resource. Hence, the detection, characterization and quantification of gas hydrates are very important for evaluating the resource potential. Presence of gas hydrates in sediments above the bottom simulating reflector or BSR is associated with low attenuation or high quality factor (Q), whereas, free gas bearing sediments below the BSR exhibit high attenuation or low seismic Q. Here the logarithm spectral ratio (LSR) method is applied to marine seismic reflection data along two cross lines (18 and 46) in the Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin in eastern Indian margin, where gas hydrates have already been established by drilling/coring. The interval Qs is calculated for three sedimentary layers (A, B, and C) bounded by the seafloor, BSR, one reflector above and another reflector below the BSR at some common depth points (CDPs) to study the attenuation characteristics of sediments across the BSR. The estimated average interval Q (160) for the hydrate bearing sediments (layer B) is much higher than the average interval Q (80) for both the loose clayey sediments (Layer A) and underlying free gas saturated sediments (layer C). This demonstrates that estimation of seismic quality factor Q can be used for characterization of gas hydrate reservoir.  相似文献   

9.
为寻找有资源前景的高富集天然气水合物及水合物储层的精细刻画方法,利用南海6次钻探发现的高饱和度水合物层的测井、岩心和三维地震数据,分析水合物富集层测井与地震异常特征.发现:(1)不同饱和度的孔隙与裂隙充填型水合物层的测井和地震异常不同,裂隙充填型水合物层具有各向异性;(2)受高通量流体运移的影响,在粉砂沉积物的水合物稳定带底界附近能形成中等饱和度的水合物层,识别标志为稳定带内极性与海底一致的强振幅反射,而非BSR和振幅空白;(3)裂隙充填型中等饱和度水合物层在地震剖面上表现为地层上拱和弱-中等强度振幅反射.储层-疏导-气源的耦合控制着水合物的富集特征和分布,断层与流体运移控制着细粒粉砂质沉积物中水合物的富集与厚度.基于饱和度岩相的统计学反演,能识别3 m非水合物和低饱和度水合物层及空间分布.   相似文献   

10.
We calculate the heat flow from the depth of bottom-simulating seismic reflectors (BSRs) on a seismic profile in the Xisha Trough of the South China Sea, and compare them with the probe heat flow measurements. The BSR heat flow turn out to be 32–80 mW/m2, significantly lower than the measurements of 83–112 mW/m2. Such big disparity cannot be ascribed only to the errors from parameters (parameter errors) that traditionally believed to influence the BSR heat flow. Besides the parameter errors, we discuss emphatically the errors coming from the theoretical assumption for the BSR heat flow determination (theoretical errors), which occur when the BSR depth does not coincide with the base of the methane hydrate stability zone (MHSZ). If BSR stays bellow the base of MHSZ, lying at the top of free gas zone, the derived heat flow would be underestimated. Compared with the parameter errors, the theoretical errors would be relatively larger in some geological settings. The disparity between measured and BSR heat flow in the Xisha Trough might be mainly due to the theoretical error. Based on the theoretical model, assuming that the BSR lying at the top of the free gas zone, the methane flux along the Xisha seismic profile is estimated, and the thickness of the methane hydrate occurrence zone is predicted.  相似文献   

11.
基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流   总被引:24,自引:10,他引:14  
天然气水合物是一种由水的冰晶格架及其间吸附的气体分子(以甲烷为主)组成的固态化合物,地震剖面上的似海底反射BSR是天然气水合物赋存的重要地球物理标志。相同气体成分水合物的相对稳定的温压关系是根据BSR的赋存深度计算海底热流的理论基础。选择南海北部陆坡有典型BSR反射的地震剖面,计算了南海北部陆坡天然气水合物发育区的压力、温度、地温梯度、热导率及热流等地热参数。通过计算热流值与实测热流值的对比可以大致推测,在南海北部陆坡海底运用该方法计算的热流值误差可能在12%以内。本研究不仅可以为海底热流等理论研究提供一定信度的数据资料,而且通过实测热流值校正后的热流数据以及经验公式,可以反过来用于BSR深度的计算以及天然气水合物稳定域的预测,具有重要的实践意义。  相似文献   

12.
天然气水合物的地热研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
天然气水合物的地热研究在以下几个方面都取得了重要进展,热流与似海底反射层的关系,水合物稳定带的研究;水合物热物理参数的确定;水合物形成过程中的热状态;热导率的应用,指出了今后水合物的地热学研究方向。  相似文献   

13.
似海底反射(BSR)是目前天然气水合物层识别的主要依据,但是当BSR不明显或者缺失的时候怎样识别水合物层,以及水合物层顶面和下伏游离气层底面如何确定,仍然是水合物识别中难以圆满解决的两大难题。以布莱克海台USGS95-1测线地震数据为例利用小波变换进行多尺度研究发现水合物层和游离气层表现出不同的尺度特征:水合物层表现出大尺度特征,而游离气层具有小尺度特征;在最佳尺度剖面上,水合物层表现为低尺度背景中的近似平行于海底的高尺度带。利用水合物层和游离气层的这种尺度差异不但可以识别水合物层,而且还可以推断水合物层的顶面和游离气层的底面。  相似文献   

14.
南海天然气水合物稳定带厚度分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
天然气水合物在未来能源、自然环境和灾害等方面具有重要的研究意义,其形成除需要充足的气源外,还与温度、压力密切相关。天然气水合物稳定带表明该地区水合物发育与分布的可能范围。以Dickens和Quinby Hunt的甲烷水合物相平衡公式为基础,从地热学角度分析南海甲烷水合物稳定带厚度及其分布特征。研究表明,南海大部分海域均具备形成天然气水合物的条件。由于受海底深度、海底温度、热流等参数的影响,在不同位置发育的水合物稳定带厚度变化较大,最大厚度可达1 100 m,位于吕宋海槽内。水合物稳定带厚度较大的区域主要呈条带状分布在南海中部和东部,大陆边缘水深500 m左右即可形成水合物,说明南海地区具有广泛的天然气水合物形成环境。天然气水合物稳定带厚度仅是水合物厚度的理论值,地层中实际的水合物发育厚度和分布特征还受到气源、构造、沉积等因素的影响。此外,岩石热导率、海底温度、热流和水深等对南海水合物稳定带厚度及其分布有影响。  相似文献   

15.
In this article, Milkov and Sassen’s model is selected to calculate the thickness of the gas hydrate stable zone (GHSZ) and the amount of gas hydrate in the Xisha (西沙) Trough at present and at the last glacial maximum (LGM), respectively, and the effects of the changes in the bottom water temperature and the sea level on these were also discussed. The average thickness of the GHSZ in Xisha Trough is estimated to be 287 m and 299 m based on the relationship between the GHSZ thickness and the water depth established in this study at present and at LGM, respectively. Then, by assuming that the distributed area of gas hydrates is 8 000 km2 and that the gas hydrate saturation is 1.2% of the sediment volume, the amounts of gas hydrate are estimated to be ~2.76×1010 m3 and ~2.87×1010 m3, and the volumes of hydrate-bound gases are ~4.52×1012 m3 and ~4.71×1012 m3 at present and at LGM, re- spectively. The above results show that the thickness of GHSZ decreases with the bottom water tem- perature increase and increases with the sea level increase, wherein the effect of the former is larger than that of the latter, that the average thickness of GHSZ in Xisha Trough had been reduced by ~12 m, and that 1.9×1011 m3 of methane is released from approximately 1.1×109 m3 of gas hydrate since LGM. The released methane should have greatly affected the environment.  相似文献   

16.
利用Milkov和Sassen的模型计算了目前及末次盛冰期时西沙海槽天然气水合物的稳定带(GHSZ) 厚度及资源量, 讨论了末次盛冰期以来海洋底水温度增加和海平面升高对西沙海槽天然气水合物储库变化的影响.计算结果表明, 底水温度增加使GHSZ厚度减薄, 资源量减少; 而海平面上升使GHSZ厚度增加, 资源量增加, 但底水温度变化对GHSZ厚度和资源量的影响比海平面变化的影响更大.西沙海槽末次盛冰期时GHSZ平均厚度约为299m, 天然气水合物资源量约为2.87×1010m3, 甲烷数量约为4.71×1012m3; 目前的GHSZ平均厚度约为287m, 天然气水合物资源量约为2.76×1010m3, 甲烷数量约为4.52×1012m3.由此可见, 自末次盛冰期以来西沙海槽的GHSZ平均厚度减薄了~12m, 大约1.1×109m3的天然气水合物分解释放了1.9×1011m3的甲烷, 这些甲烷可能对环境产生了重要影响.   相似文献   

17.
天然气水合物是一种新型的潜在能源,广泛分布于大陆边缘海底沉积物和陆上永久冻土带中。2008年,在祁连山冻土区首次钻获天然气水合物实物样品。2010年,在木里地区开展了反射地震方法探测天然气水合物的试验研究,通过综合分析解释反射地震资料和地质资料,初步认为含天然气水合物介质形成的反射波在地震剖面上具有低速、弱振幅、高频的特征。在成藏机制上,天然气水合物的分布与深部断裂破碎带有关,天然气沿深部断裂构造向上运移,并受冻土层的封闭而富集,在合适的温压条件下形成天然气水合物矿藏。  相似文献   

18.
After the Last Glacial Maximum, the semi-land-locked Black Sea basin was flooded by warm water from the Mediterranean Sea. This major sea level rise and change of physical water properties had a large impact on the gas hydrate reservoir in the sediments below. Modelling of the regional response of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) to the Black Sea flooding 7100 years ago shows that a strong effect of near-bottom temperature increase pushes the gas hydrate reservoir to a large shrinking of 15–62% that may release up to 1.1–4.6 Gt of methane. This catastrophic scenario is, however, delayed because of the transient nature of the heat wave propagation. The large-scale reduction of the GHSZ is only to take place within the next thousand years. At present, widespread hydrate dissociation is only expected to occur where there is a minimum water depth for hydrate stability.  相似文献   

19.
文鹏飞  张宝金 《地学前缘》2005,12(3):277-281
从水合物/游离气的地震特性出发,作者抓住水合物/游离气的AVO响应与水合物物性参数的关系,从反演的角度取得了水合物的物性参数,并以前人的有关水合物物性参数与水合物含量之间的关系,对实际地点的水合物含量作了定性和半定量的分析,估算了水合物的大致含量。本文旨在说明剖面上的BSR强弱与水合物含量之间的关系。  相似文献   

20.
琼东南盆地最新的水合物调查研究发现了大量疑似BSR(bottom simulating reflector)特征的地震反射界面,但BSR特征并不典型。为了解决在BSR特征不甚明显的地区进行天然气水合物识别和成矿远景研究的问题,本文首先通过对调查所取得的第一手资料的综合分析,指出了琼东南盆地海域天然气水合物地球物理标识——BSR识别的局限性;然后从天然气水合物成藏所必须具备的气源、运移通道、有利沉积条件等几个方面出发,探讨了琼东南盆地天然气水合物成藏必须具备的气源、气体运通道和储层等特征,对琼东南盆地天然气水合物地球物理识别标志——BSR判识提供了良好佐证。综合分析认为:琼东南盆地海域的中央坳陷带内发育了大量气烟囱的位置及其附近海底浅层应是天然气水合物发育的重点目标区。  相似文献   

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