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1.
湘中锡矿山锑矿是世界上最大的锑矿床,尽管前人对其进行了大量深入研究,但其矿床成因及成矿机制目前仍存有争议,本文对该矿研究程度很低的萤石的地质特征进行了总结,并对其进行了稀土元素地球化学研究。研究表明,锡矿山矿区的萤石具有较高的稀土元素含量(100.09×10-6~139.38×10-6),其标准化配分模式呈现出明显富MREE、相对富HREE、明显亏损LREE、弱负Eu异常的特征。进一步的研究表明,该区萤石中的MREE和HREE的分配行为主要是受其离子半径控制,其REE配分模式与溶液中REE络合物的稳定性关系不大;该区萤石可能形成于还原条件,为后期热液充填的产物;温度和压力的变化是导致该区萤石发生沉淀的主要原因。萤石中的Ca和F可能分别来自于围岩碳酸盐岩和深部岩浆岩。 相似文献
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阿尔金卡尔恰尔一带近年来萤石找矿取得重大突破，新发现卡尔恰尔、小白河沟、库木塔什、拉依旦北、盖吉克等多处萤石矿，形成超大型萤石矿带。矿带内萤石矿与肉红色碱长花岗岩关系密切，矿化主要赋存于岩体内外接触带附近，赋矿围岩主要为阿尔金岩群中的黑云斜长片麻岩、碳酸盐岩等富钙质岩系，矿体明显受北东向断裂构造控制，矿石类型主要有脉状、角砾状、块状、条带状矿石，矿物组成主要是萤石、方解石，矿床成因类型属于热液充填型。LA–ICP–MS锆石U–Pb测试结果表明，卡尔恰尔超大型萤石矿区与成矿有关的碱长花岗岩成岩年龄为（455.8±2）Ma，结合区域成岩成矿年代学研究，认为该萤石矿带形成于加里东期中—晚奥陶世，为挤压造山转变成伸展构造背景下岩浆活动的产物。矿区片麻状钾长花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄为（914.5±4.1）Ma，形成于新元古代早期，与Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件有关。稀土元素特征显示，卡尔恰尔、小白河沟、库木塔什3个矿床的萤石、方解石稀土元素配分模式均为右倾的LREE富集型，具有明显的负Eu异常，与成矿岩体、围岩地层十分相似，表明萤石、方解石的稀土可能继承了岩体、地层的稀土配分模式。各矿床萤石均为热... 相似文献
3.
萤石是四川牦牛坪稀土矿最重要的脉石矿物之一。根据稀土含量、有关参数及配分模式，矿区萤石可分为LREE富集型、KLEE平坦型和LREE亏损型3种，不同类型萤石之间以及每种类型萤石的稀土地球化学特征具有连续变化规律。分析结果表明：矿区3种类型的萤石为同源不同阶段形成的产物；矿床成矿流体主要来源于本区正长岩－碳酸岩岩浆演化分异的相对富集LREE的流体；矿床成矿过程中较少再有相对富集LREE的流体参与；成矿环境由相对氧化向相对还原变化。 相似文献
4.
以康滇地轴古元古代拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中不同期次萤石的稀土元素为研究对象,讨论其地球化学特征及指示意义。研究结果表明:拉拉IOCG矿床中有变质期和热液期2期萤石产出,变质期萤石分为早晚2个阶段,与铜钼矿化关系密切,形成温度较高,为同源不同阶段产物;热液期萤石与变质期不同源,为后期热事件产物。萤石整体表现出REE总量高的特征;从早期到晚期,萤石稀土总量呈逐渐减少趋势;变质期萤石是矿床中主要的REE载体之一。变质期成矿流体稀土含量较高,热液期成矿流体稀土含量较低。稀土配分模式呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型,轻重稀土分异明显,萤石的稀土配分模式受溶液体系中REE络合物稳定性的影响。变质期萤石继承了钠质火山岩的Ce、Eu异常特征,形成变质期萤石的高温变质流体具有负Ce异常且同时存在Eu2+和Eu3+;热液期萤石成矿流体具有温度低、氧逸度高的特征。Y的含量变化可能是引起本矿床萤石颜色变化的原因之一,其含量与颜色深浅呈负相关关系。 相似文献
5.
苏莫查干敖包超大型萤石矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征及其成因意义 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
苏莫查干敖包萤石矿床是位于内蒙古四子王旗北部的一个世界级单一萤石矿床,产出于早二叠世大石寨组火山-沉积岩与早白垩世卫境花岗岩体的外接触带上.萤石的成矿作用分为早、晚2期,早期的萤石主要是纹层状、条带状和细晶块状萤石,晚期的萤石主要呈伟晶状、混合伟晶状;而含硫化物的纹层状、细晶块状萤石含量少且分布局限.不同类型萤石的稀土元素配分模式可以分为3类:A类是早期萤石,其稀土元素配分模式表现为略呈轻稀土元素富集的特点,配分曲线近于平坦,没有Eu异常.B类萤石的稀土元素配分模式不具有普遍性,在其配分曲线中自Tb-Er呈现顶背式突起(roof-like),并具有明显的Eu正异常,主要为含硫化物的纹层状、细晶块状矿石;C类是晚期萤石,稀土元素配分模式表现为重稀土元素富集的特点,既有Eu正异常,又有Eu负异常.A类萤石的稀土元素配分模式代表了萤石成矿作用的早期热液活动的特征,稀土元素在成矿流体中主要以吸附作用存在和运移,成矿流体主要是岩浆来源的高温、高盐度流体,成矿流体与大石寨组流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩和大理岩的水岩反应是导致萤石从成矿流体中沉淀的主要机制;C类萤石稀土元素配分模式反映了成矿流体经历了较为长期的演化和分异,稀土元素在流体中主要以络离子形式存在和运移,其成矿流体低温、低盐度,有大气降水的加入,指示该阶段萤石从热液中沉淀结晶的主要机制是2种不同端员流体的混合,即岩浆来源的高盐度、高温流体和以大气降水为主要来源的低温、低盐度流体的混合;B类萤石的稀土元素配分模式反映了一次高含硫化物的局部热液事件,在萤石的成矿作用中不具有普遍意义,稀土元素在流体中是以络离子形式存在和运移的.微量元素研究表明各期次萤石的微量元素变化相似,都具有高的Ni含量,指示成矿物质源区的一致性.在Tb/La-Tb/Ca图解中,所有样品都分布在热液萤石区域,指示矿床属于岩浆热液型矿床. 相似文献
6.
《矿物学报》2015,35(1)
以康滇地轴古元古代拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床中不同期次萤石的稀土元素为研究对象,讨论其地球化学特征及指示意义.研究结果表明:拉拉IOCG矿床中有变质期和热液期2期萤石产出,变质期萤石分为早晚2个阶段,与铜钼矿化关系密切,形成温度较高,为同源不同阶段产物;热液期萤石与变质期不同源,为后期热事件产物.萤石整体表现出REE总量高的特征;从早期到晚期,萤石稀土总量呈逐渐减少趋势;变质期萤石是矿床中主要的REE载体之一.变质期成矿流体稀土含量较高,热液期成矿流体稀土含量较低.稀土配分模式呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型,轻重稀土分异明显,萤石的稀土配分模式受溶液体系中REE络合物稳定性的影响.变质期萤石继承了钠质火山岩的Ce、Eu异常特征,形成变质期萤石的高温变质流体具有负Ce异常且同时存在Eu2+和Eu3+;热液期萤石成矿流体具有温度低、氧逸度高的特征.Y的含量变化可能是引起本矿床萤石颜色变化的原因之一,其含量与颜色深浅呈负相关关系. 相似文献
7.
胡老庄萤石矿位于豫西南萤石成矿带内，成矿地质条件优越。本文通过矿床稀土元素地球化学研究，探讨该矿床成矿等方面的问题。研究发现：所有矿石和围岩样品球粒陨石标准化配分模式均具有相同的变化趋势，两者具有相同的物质来源，暗示成矿流体对花岗岩进行了淋滤和萃取，萤石中的稀土特征继承了围岩的稀土特征；萤石样品的δEu和δCe均具有中等到弱的负异常，表明矿床在沉淀时成矿流体处于还原环境，且结晶温度较低（200～250℃），成矿物质主要来源于地壳且有部分地表流体淋滤风化花岗岩中的成矿物质参与成矿；萤石矿Y/Ho-La/Ho关系图显示，萤石矿石的样品主要呈现出近水平分布区，部分样品表现出负相关特征，表明区内萤石矿主要以重结晶作用为主兼有少部分元素迁移形式形成。 相似文献
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9.
华南地区晚二叠和晚三叠世煤中稀土元素特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在华南地区贵州六盘水、江西乐平、露庆和湖北黄石矿区晚二叠和晚三叠世煤层的稀土元素ICP—MS分析数据的基础上，系统研究了研究区煤中稀土元素的含萤分布特征、赋存特征、配分模式以及地质控制因素。含量分布表明晚二叠世稀土元素含量总体高于晚三叠世；煤中稀土元素与灰分成正相关关系，部分煤样品由于有富稀土元素的重矿物组合的存在而出现稀土元素的异常高值；同一矿区、同一时代煤中稀土元素的配分模式具有一定的相似性，而不同地区同一时代和同一地区不同时代煤中稀土元素的配分模式具有较大差异；煤的沉积环境，煤中无机矿物组成以及海水的影响是控制煤中稀土元素含量和配分模式的主要地质因素。 相似文献
10.
晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素特征及其指示意义 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
本文系统地研究了黔西南晴隆锑矿床中萤石的稀土元素地球化学,表明不同颜色、不同矿物组合的萤石的稀土元素含量变化较大,但具有固定的REE分配模式,以明显的负Ce异常、富MREE、分配曲线相对平缓为特征;这种配分模式主要是受其晶体化学因素的控制,而与溶液中REE络合物的稳定性关系不大。萤石的稀土元素组成与其矿物共生组合关系不大,但与其颜色关系较密切。萤石的Ce、Eu异常主要是受氧逸度的控制,流体源区的氧逸度较高,矿物沉淀场所的氧逸度相对较低,从而导致该矿中萤石呈明显的负Ce异常,或正或负的Eu异常。晴隆锑矿床形成于开放体系条件下,水/岩反应很可能是导致萤石发生沉淀的主要机制。萤石中的Ca部分来自茅口组灰岩,部分来自大厂层玄武岩;而矿化剂F可能主要来自外部。 相似文献
11.
REE and fluid inclusions in zoned fluorites from Eastern Transbaikalia: Distribution and geochemical significance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. F. Vinokurov V. N. Golubev T. L. Krylova V. Yu. Prokof’ev 《Geochemistry International》2014,52(8):654-669
Special methodology was used to study the distribution of REE and some other elements in zoned fluorites from the different deposits of Eastern Transbaikalia. Fluorites from the uranium and polymetallic ore fields sharply differ in their REE distribution pattern and the composition of fluid inclusions, which reflects the geochemical specifics and indicates the possible sources of parental solutions. A gradual change in REE distribution patterns established in the successive growth zones of fluorites clearly coincides with the gradual decrease of temperature and mineralization of fluid inclusions. It is suggested that a change in the REE distribution pattern was provoked by the crystallochemical differentiation related to the formation of nano-sized mineral admixtures of REE phosphates and/or fluorcarbonates, which possess an ability to the selective accumulation of different REE groups. It was found that the zoned fluorites from the Streltsovka and Garsonui deposits show an opposite trends in the change of REE pattern with zonation. With a general decrease in total REE contents, fluorite from the Streltsovka deposit shows a change from positive parabolic to subchondritic pattern, while that from the Garsonui deposit, varies from the negative via subchondritic to the positive patterns. 相似文献
12.
钨锡矿床萤石的演化及稀土元素地球化学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对黄沙和珊瑚钨锡矿床的萤石进行了系统研究,随着成矿作用由早至晚成矿温度的逐渐降低,不同矿化阶段矿脉内和同一矿脉不同世代的萤石,其晶形和物理性质都具有相同的演化规律。产在硅铝质岩石中的充填型矿脉,其萤石的稀土模式与成矿母岩的相似,可以用来表征矿床的分带性和预测成矿母岩(花岗岩类)的成因类型;产于富含钙质围岩中的充填-交代型矿脉,其萤石的稀土模式不能表征成矿母岩的成因类型,但可以反映相应的成矿环境。 相似文献
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YUAN Shunda ;PENG Jiantang ;HU Ruizhong ;BI Xianwu ;QI Liang ;LI Zhaoli ;LI Xiaomin ;SHUANG Yan 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(4):342-350
In this paper the authors present the REE concentrations and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of fluorites from the Bailashui tin deposit of the Furong ore field, southern Hunan Province. The results showed that the total amount of REE in fluorites is usually low, ranging from 0.705 to 8.785 μg/g with the chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns similar to those of the Qitianling granites in the study area, characterized by LREE-enrichment patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The fluorites vary in Sr isotopic composition within the range of 0.7083-0.7091, the values are lower than those of the granites and higher than those of the host carbonate rocks in this area. The εNd（t） values of fluorites vary between -9.4 and ＋10.3, revealing that both the crust- and mantle-source materials were involved in the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids. Combined with previous studies on this ore deposit, the Bailashui tin deposit is temporally and spatially closely related with granitic magmatism in this area. The hydrothermal fluorites are the product of fluid/rock interactions between granitic magmatic hydrothermal fluid and marine carbonate rocks. The REE and F in the ore-forming fluid were derived from the granites, whereas Sr in the ore-forming fluid came mainly from the granitic magmatic hydrothermal fluid and marine carbonate rocks, although variations in Sr isotopic composition cannot be explained by a simple mixture of these two end-members. Evidence demonstrated that the ore-forming fluids are of crustal-mantle mixing origin, but that the fluids were probably incompletely homogenized and this may be caused by inhomogeneous mixing of the fluids of different sources. 相似文献
15.
The Gardar failed-rift Province is world-famous for its (per-)alkaline plutonic rocks. Elevated contents of F in the mantle source and F-enrichment in the parental melts have been suggested to account for the peculiarities of the Gardar rocks (e.g. their rare mineralogy, extreme enrichment of HFSE elements, Be or REE in the Ilímaussaq agpaites, and the formation of the unique Ivigtut cryolite deposit). To constrain the formation and chemical evolution of F-bearing melts and fluids, fluorides (fluorite, cryolite, villiaumite, cryolithionite), calcite and siderite from the Ilímaussaq, Motzfeldt and Ivigtut complexes were analysed for their trace element content focusing on the rare earth elements and yttrium (REE).The various generations of fluorite occurring in the granitic Ivigtut, agpaitic Ilímaussaq and miaskitic to agpaitic Motzfeldt intrusions all share a negative Eu anomaly which is attributed to (earlier) feldspar fractionation in the parental alkali basaltic melts. This interpretation is supported by the abundance of anorthositic xenoliths in many Gardar plutonic rocks.The primary magmatic fluorites from Ilímaussaq and Motzfeldt display very similar REE patterns suggesting a formation from closely related parental melts under similar conditions. Hydrothermal fluorites from these intrusions were used to constrain the multiple effects responsible for the incorporation of trace elements into fluorides: temperature dependence, fluid migration/interaction and complexation resulting in REE fractionation. Generally, the REE patterns of Gardar fluorides reflect the evolution and migration of a F/CO2-rich fluid leading to the formation of fluorite and fluorite/calcite veins. In certain units, this fluid inherited the REE patterns of altered host rocks. In addition, there is evidence of an even younger fluid of high REE abundance which resulted in highly variable REE concentrations (up to three orders of magnitude) within one sample of hydrothermal fluorite.The REE patterns of the granitic Ivigtut intrusion show flat to slightly heavy-REE-enriched patterns characterised by a strong tetrad effect. This effect is interpreted to record extensive fluid–rock interaction in highly fractionated, Si-rich systems.Interestingly, the fluorides appear to record different source REE patterns, as the spatially close Motzfeldt and Ilímaussaq intrusions show strong similarities and contrast with the Ivigtut intrusion located 100 km NE. These variations may be attributed to differences in the tectonic position of the intrusions or mantle heterogeneities. 相似文献
16.
The use of vein fluorite as probe for paleofluid REE and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry: The Santa Catarina Fluorite District, Southern Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fluorite can be used as a probe for the source of Sr and REE, as well as for the Sr and Nd isotope systematics of mineralizing solutions, allowing characterization of the composition, oxidation state and sources of the fluids. The 87Sr / 86Sr ratios in vein fluorite from the Santa Catarina Fluorite District, southern Brazil, are low (0.720 to 0.745) relative to those of the majority of host granites at the time of mineralization (90 Ma), but are similar to those of less abundant and less evolved Sr- and Ca-rich granites and plagioclases of the heterogeneous Pedras Grandes granite association. Major contributions of Sr from the unradiogenic Parana Basin rocks (87Sr / 86Sr90 Ma = 0.705 to 0.718) are unlikely, considering the radiogenic character of the lower 87Sr / 86Sr end-member in fluorite mixing lines. Estimated fluorite fluid partition coefficients (KdSr-Ca = 0.019 and DSr ≈ 600) indicate a Sr / Ca ratio in the fluorite-forming solution of 0.012, and Sr contents of 0.05 to 0.25 ppm, which are similar to those of present-day granitic geothermal waters. Initial Nd isotopic compositions of the vein fluorites (0.5120 to 0.512) are similar to those of the Pedras Grandes granites. The 143Nd / 144Nd90 Ma of the evolved granites of the Tabuleiro granite association, their accessory fluorites and the Parana Basin rocks are considerably more radiogenic (0.5120 to 0.5127) and these are thus considered to be unlikely sources of the fluids. The REE patterns of vein fluorites, normalized to upper continental crust, show a range of LREE-depleted patterns, with highly variable positive and negative Eu anomalies. The host Pedras Grandes granites show flat to slightly depleted UCC normalized LREE patterns with strong negative Eu anomalies. Depletion of the LREE in fluorites resulted from the mobility of HREE fluoride complexes during fluid migration. A REE fractionation model based on ionic potential ratios indicates that Eu3+ was stable during fluid migration and fluorite precipitation. The coexistence of pyrite and Eu3+ in the mineralizing fluids is consistent with low pH and oxygen fugacities near the hematite-magnetite buffer. 相似文献
17.
Nasser Mourad Mahdy Mahmoud Hany Shalaby Hassan Mohamed Helmy Ali Farage Osman El Sayed H. El Sawey Ehab Korany Abu Zeid 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(7):2573-2589
Uranium mineralizations occur and form in a broad range of geologic setting and age, including magmatic to surfacial conditions, and there are numerous controls on their transportation and deposition, such as redox, pH, ligand concentration, complexation, and temperature. These temporal and spatial variations have caused a range of ore deposit mineral assemblages. Consequently, understanding their conditions of formation is still in its infancy. This research reports rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements of fluorite associated with hexavalent uranium mineralizations and tests of genetic models for the deposits. These data contribute to a better understanding of the variables controlling fluorite formation and uranium ore composition through understanding the evolution of these ore-forming hydrothermal systems. Fluorite in Gabal Gattar granite occurs as disseminations and/or thin veinlets and encrustations filling some uranium mineralized fissures and fractures along the northern margin of host granite mass. In the U-poor samples, fluorite forms well-developed large crystals that are commonly zoned. The zones are represented by alternating colorless and violet zones, and the outer zones are frequently dark violet. In the U-rich samples, fluorite is usually anhedral, unzoned, and has a dark violet color. The results of analysis of REE and trace element contents of fluorites using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry indicate that total REE in the anhedral unzoned fluorite are elevated compared to the well developed zoned fluorite, and also total REE in dark violet zones of zoned fluorite are elevated with respect to the colorless zones. The fluorites and host granite are generally characterized by strongly negative Eu anomalies and slightly negative or chondritic Ce anomalies. Accordingly, REE patterns of the fluorite and host granite are roughly alike, indicating that the source of REE and trace elements of hydrothermal fluids is the host granite leached by fluids. Y/Y*, Ce/Ce,* and Eu/Eu* patterns show that fluorite clearly records the compositional evolution of the hydrothermal solutions that have transferred trace and REE from host granite during the fluid–wall rocks interactions. The high uranium contents of fluorite in Gabal Gattar granite suggest that parent fluids bearing fluorine have interacted with host granite to leach uranium from the accessory minerals of granite and tetravalent uranium minerals in reduced or weakly oxidized zones. 相似文献
18.
Mansour Rezaei Azizi Ali Abedini Samad Alipour Hashem Bagheri 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(22):719
The Laal-Kan fluorite deposit (west of Zanjan city, NW Iran) mainly occurred as some open-space filling and vein/veinlet in the schist of the Paleozoic age. Mineralogically, calcite, fluorite types (white, smoky, and violet), and quartz are the principal constituents accompanied by a number of minor accessory minerals such as hemimorphite, hematite, barite, and clays. Based on chemical analyses, fluorites of various colors were found to have low rare earth element (REE) concentrations (4.16–25.67 ppm). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns indicated that early fluorites were enriched in LREE, relative to HREE, whereas late fluorites were enriched in HREE relative to LREE. This study, therefore, indicated that fugacity of oxygen likely played a significant role in the occurrence of positive Ce and negative anomaly in the late fluorite. Furthermore, the Gd behavior of the fluorite samples could be attributed to the Gd-F complex in ore-forming fluids. On the other hand, low pH hydrothermal fluids under alkaline conditions were probably the main mechanism responsible for the deposition of the early fluorites in this district. Fluorite-hosted fluid inclusion analyses also indicated that fluorite-forming fluids consisted of NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and LiCl with a narrow TH (118–151 °C) and high salinities (18.96–23.47 wt.% NaCl equiv.). Further, the diagram of Tb/La-Tb/Ca ratios revealed that fluorites were predominantly deposited in the hydrothermal environment and the late stage fluorites could be considered as the product of the secondary mineralization of the early fluorites due to the interaction of the fluid with the early fluorites. 相似文献