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1.
《Geoforum》2017
Context is generally overlooked when selecting measures to define geographical mobility in mobility and migration research. This paper contributes to a discussion on the importance of context when defining geographical mobility and draws on examples from higher education in Sweden. Using binary logistic regression, statistical outcomes are compared when different measures of mobility to and mobility from higher education are employed. The measures produce different statistical outcomes, and these differences are illuminated when comparing results of common measures of mobility (e.g. crossing administrative boundaries or moving a certain distance) against two measures constructed specifically for Swedish higher education-related mobility. The results indicate that using municipality boundaries for measuring mobility in the Swedish higher education context is particularly inappropriate because the measure does not differentiate commuters from movers. This challenge surfaces because mobility must be determined in relation to the locations of students’ higher education institutions since administratively registered moves are unreliable in the educational context. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the geographical locations and characteristics of higher education institutions in addition to feasible commuting possibilities in research on higher education-related mobility. The two measures developed for the Swedish higher education context are identified as most appropriate because they center on the geographical distribution of higher education, and this distribution is perceived as having an important role in influencing mobility in this context. Consequently, this study accentuates the need for considering the geographical arrangement of resources (e.g. schools, hospitals) relevant to the context under investigation when determining measures to define mobility. 相似文献
2.
《Geoforum》2014
This article explores how standards and codes for collaboration in international higher education influence the educational space of global online education and the way it functions within the context of international development aid. Firstly the article discusses the educational space of higher education and the geography of education whereby the aim is to situate global online education within the on-going discourse on standards in higher education, international development aid, and the knowledge economy. The article then examines a qualitative case study of an Internet-based masters programme attended by students from Europe and Africa. A main focus of the empirical analysis is the students’ experience of being geographically immobile while collaborating online internationally, including how this circumstance affected their motivation and participation and the benefits of the programme. In the concluding discussion it is argued that even though online collaboration among students and educational institutions is not entirely equal, common standards created a space in which positions were challenged and practices were changed over the course of online participation. 相似文献
3.
Michael C. Ewers 《GeoJournal》2007,68(2-3):119-130
Urban areas compete with one another for people, goods, capital, ideas and other inputs of economic activity. Under the rubric
of globalization, instead of only maintaining or improving the initial stock of assets in a city, the power of a place to
attract outside flows of economic activity from elsewhere is increasingly important to economic development. Similarly, global
or world cities are characterized as the command and control points through which these global economic flows operate. In
response to the heightened mobility of highly-skilled labor across national borders, research has begun to examine the role
of international human capital as an economic flow. This paper will examine the role of places in determining where the highly-skilled
go in the global economy by viewing global city command and control functions as requiring unique labor flows. By reviewing
the evidence found in the literature, we can better understand the potential for urban areas to compete for highly-skilled
labor in the global economy. Known indicators of place attractiveness are assessed to examine the relationship between the
economic trajectories of cities and their labor requirements. Cities are situated between firms and states as the key place-based
actors which influence the mobility of highly-skilled labor. Finally, the paper also examines measurement issues and methodological
problems in creating indices of world cities as well as explores possibilities for new research. 相似文献
4.
《Geoforum》2015
This paper offers theoretically informed empirical insights into migrant children’s experiences of mobility and home. Drawing on research into the first-generation children of Polish labour migrants in Scotland, the paper explores the meanings that children attach to home and other specific places. In particular, it focuses on questions of the translocal and social nature of migrant children’s sense of place and construction of home. The spoken narratives, subjective maps and drawings analysed here reflect children’s multiple and intersecting relationships and identifications, with both their country of origin and the host country, in addition to how their notion of home is grounded in social attachments. Emphasising the continuing importance of ‘place’ in migrant children and young people’s everyday experiences, the research concludes that subjective homemaking practices are just as important as objective educational attainment and other traditional social indicators in providing an understanding of the outcomes of migrant settlement. It also suggests that there is an emerging translocal identity among some young Polish migrants, whose changing understanding of home incorporates images and emotions from both their locality of origin and their current place of residence. 相似文献
5.
Ruth Fincher 《Geoforum》2011,42(5):539-549
In creating separate and distinct spaces and forms of socialising for themselves, ‘international’ and ‘local’ university students in central Melbourne are influenced by three key, spatially-linked processes. The first is institutional - it includes the allocation of international students to a certain type of housing which differs from that chosen by local students, and the practice of universities, student clubs and local churches to gather international and local students into separate groupings. The second is locational. It is the process by which international students find themselves living principally in and around the edge of the central city, an entertainment district with rowdy characteristics that these students often find distasteful. Local students, in contrast, locate in the inner suburbs for the most part, at a distance from the city centre hotspot. The third process sees socialising habits that are enacted in and by virtue of the public places in which they occur. This self-enacting socialisation further separates local students from international students. All three processes demonstrate how certain characteristics of the built environment can be invested with particular meanings and become complicit in shaping racialised social interactions. 相似文献
6.
《Geoforum》2017
Focusing on three neighbouring villages in Cambodia, this paper argues the need for a multi-scalar interpretation of the relationship between mobility and wealth. It analyses migrant livelihoods in both sender and receiving areas to show that single scale measurements of mobility are inappropriate in the context of translocal livelihoods because livelihoods enacted across multiple places may possess multiple values of scale and mobility, each co-existing within the same migrant lifeworld. In seeking an improved conception of these complexities, the paper has combined spatial and qualitative analysis of translocal livelihoods to highlight the linkages between mobility in multiple places. On this basis, it posits that the mobility of translocal livelihoods must be assessed at least three scales: the scale appropriate to the sending environment, the scale appropriate to the receiving environment, and the scale on which potential migrations are judged. Making use of this framework allows clear relationships to be observed between mobility and inequality in both the narratives and structures of the communities under investigation. 相似文献
7.
Children and youth are a key target group for interventions to address southern Africa’s AIDS pandemic. Such interventions are frequently implemented through schools, and are often complex products of negotiation between a range of institutional actors including international agencies, NGOs, government departments and individual schools. These institutions not only stand in different (horizontally scaled) spatial relationships to students in schools; they also appear to operate at different hierarchical levels. Empirical research with policy makers and practitioners in Lesotho, however, reveals how interventions are produced through flows of knowledge, funding and personnel within and between institutions that make it difficult to assert that any intervention is manifestly more international or more local than any other. Scale theory offers the metaphor of a network or web which usefully serves to move attention away from discrete organisations, sectors and scalar positionings and onto the relationships and flows between them. Nevertheless, organisations and development interventions are often partly structured in scalar hierarchical ways that express substantive power differentials and shape the forms of interaction that take place, albeit not binding them to strict binaries or nested hierarchies. A modified network metaphor is useful in aiding understanding of how particular interventions are produced through intermeshing scales and diverse fluid interactions, and why they take the form they do. 相似文献
8.
John Overton 《Geoforum》2010,41(5):752-762
Geographers have developed a keen interest in the social production of space - in the way meanings and values are ascribed to places as a result of changing social, cultural and political processes. There is a need to explore this approach further, seeing how social and economic values of places are inter-related and how these values are constructed in often deliberate and concerted ways. There is also a need to explore how such values are consumed: how the values in place are traded, appropriated and redistributed, both through the products of places and in land markets. This paper examines the New Zealand wine industry where certain wine regions have been identified and developed in ways which attempt to emphasise their distinctiveness in terms of wine quality and thus enhance the value of the wine produced. Different strategies have been employed in this process of place construction and this reflects the differential role of capital, striving on the one hand to increase the price and marketability of the products of distinctive places but, on the other, careful not to over-inflate land values and thus restrict further expansion. The paper suggests that the issue of consumption of space, involving a complex relationship amongst land, capital and place, is worthy of further exploration. 相似文献
9.
Engaged pedagogy and responsibility: A postcolonial analysis of international students 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper responds to increasing discussions about responsibility within geography by exploring some of the spatialities imbued in thinking responsibly about internationalisation in the UK Higher Education system, and it uses the categorisation of the international student as a way in to this exploration. Although international students have been considered from the viewpoint of migration studies, global education studies and critical pedagogical studies, this paper attempts a postcolonial analysis of international students, to consider what forms of pedagogic responsibility are called forth through this framework. Building on bell hooks’ call for an ‘engaged pedagogy’, this paper shows that routing care and responsibility through postcolonial geographies incites a more sharply demanding political praxis. 相似文献
10.
This paper explores young people’s experiences and perceptions of mobility and mobility constraints in poorer urban areas of Ghana, Malawi and South Africa within the specific context of inter-generational relations. Drawing principally on qualitative research findings from a study involving both adult and child researchers, our aim is to chart the diversities and commonalities of urban young people’s mobility experiences in the everyday - how they use and experience the city - developing a comparative perspective across three urban study sites which links young people’s mobility with the power relations that operate to shape their movements in individual locations. In particular, we consider how positive and negative images of young people’s mobility play out in terms of the inter-generational frictions and negotiations generated by their mobility performances. We also reflect on the developmental implications, in terms of young people’s access to services and income and their participation in the social networks and peer culture which may shape their life trajectories. Three themes are explored in detail: mobility as challenge, mobility as temptation and mobility control. 相似文献
11.
Natural Hazards - Research concerning the behavior of international linguistic minorities at institutions of higher education during disasters is very limited. Many international groups suffer from... 相似文献
12.
《Geoforum》2015
The global sourcing of services from developing countries has made human capital a key local asset for attracting foreign direct investment. This paper analyses to what extent individual companies engage in linkages and collaborations with universities and how the education sector responds to the new demands of the knowledge economy. Offshore services are generally recognised as ‘footloose’ investments with limited local linkages. A case study of industry-academe linkages in the growing business process outsourcing sector in the Philippines finds that foreign investors engage in active embedding and develop linkages with human resource providers, leading to increased territorial embeddedness. This paper investigates the kind of linkages created, which actors engage in them and their motivations, to understand the resulting implications for local economic development. Interviews with foreign investors and higher education institutions reveal that most collaboration is initiated by large call centre companies and focuses on entry-level skills development for their operations. I argue that multinational corporations have been able to capture local institutions and introduce changes in the education system to supply mainly lower-end skills. While increasing the available talent pool and raising the competitiveness for further investments, this presents challenges for upgrading into higher value-added services and potentially transforms the country into a dependent market economy. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2016
The everyday politics of rural young people who live in post-war settings in the Global South is poorly explored. In the aftermath of a recent civil war in Nepal (1996–2006), villages have been operating without elected bodies, and poorly functioning local governance has been concentrated around party patronage networks and community development. In the lives of many young people, the aspirations and practices of educational and labour mobility have been dominant. Based on fieldwork carried out in the Panchthar District, this article discusses how ordinary young people nevertheless engage in different political dimensions. Guiding the analysis through the narratives of four young men and women, I have accentuated how the tension between socio-political situatedness and young people’s life strategies shapes the versatility of their political engagement. How do those who did not become political activists balance their daily lives, mobility and household obligations with involvement in party and local development politics? By exploring their motivations and engagement, I come to two conclusions. Firstly, young men navigate party politics by juggling the legacy of patronage and rejecting parties, as well as by involving themselves in disruptive events and seeking personal benefit from them. Secondly, young men and women negotiate their political motivations in community development politics primarily through household dynamics adjusted to their mobile lifestyle. 相似文献
14.
Kate Manzo 《Geoforum》2003,34(4):437-456
This paper explores the rise of rights-based development (RBD) and its endorsement by prominent international institutions (such as the United Nations) and International Development Agencies (IDAs) like the World Bank. It situates RBD in global political context and analyses it in relation to the international politics of development, especially the politics of neo-liberal adjustment policies in Africa. The paper shows how RBD emerged against a backdrop of debate about four international issues associated with neo-liberalism and its discontents, namely globalisation and uneven development; capability and good governance; human rights and human development; and NGOs in the politics of development. Debates about those four issues keep repositioning the state as the central actor in RBD, and holding the state accountable for development (or the lack thereof) under international law. The paper’s basic point is that state-centric RBD is paradoxical and highly political. Greater accountability is being demanded of states––especially in Africa––from the same neo-liberal forces (such as the World Bank) charged with weakening state capacity, undermining democracy, and diminishing state authority. In terms of international power relations and the politics of development, RBD does signal something of a willingness to rethink certain aspects of the dominant neo-liberal agenda. And yet adjusted states are being subjected––in the name of RBD––to novel methods of international surveillance and forms of conditionality. States are ultimately held responsible for human rights violations, even when it is non-state actors (and their neo-liberal policies) that caused those rights to be violated in the first place. RBD is, therefore, a partial answer (at best) to the questions of empowerment and change raised by critics of neo-liberalism. 相似文献
15.
Peter Adey 《Geoforum》2008,39(1):438-451
Drawing on work surrounding the theorisation of concepts such as mobility, affect and emotion, the paper argues that their control is now being intertwined in places like airports which are employing a number of techniques that engineer affects. Airport affect is enacted, in one way, by planning and designing the situational affective context one inhabits - throwing up structures of ethological possibility that shape capacities for the corporeal body to move and be moved. It is shown that the engineering of airport affect is premised upon a wider discursive framework of calculation and indeterminacy, and that selective techniques summon a number of different modalities of control. The paper concludes with a series of implications for the understanding of power, and the study of mobility, emotion and affect. 相似文献
16.
Today, in the early 21st century, goods, information, services, financial capital and human beings are flowing across national
borders at an ever-accelerating rate. In this context, transnationalism has become a key paradigm in the study of international
migration and urbanism. This theme issue on “Immigrants and transnational experiences in world cities” explores these new
trends in contemporary international migration, with respect to transnational communities and geographies, in articles grouped
according to four themes: international migration and world cities; highly-skilled and low-skilled immigrants; economic impacts;
and immigrant experiences in world cities. 相似文献
17.
Historical space as narrative medium: on the configuration of spatial narratives of time at historical sites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper examines how narratives of history are organized spatially at historical sites and memorial spaces, especially
in urban settings and in places invested with a sense of collective memory. Much recent research has focused on landscape,
memory, and place and how relationships of political and social power influence the representation of historical events in
public spaces. Although the meaning of such sites may be hotly contested for long periods of time, we focus here on narrative
theory and the related, but unexplored, issue of how such historical stories are configured on the ground at actual historical
sites. We identify a number of narrative strategies which are frequently used to configure historical stories in space. Declamatory
strategies using markers presenting a snapshot of an event are common, but sequential and non-sequential linear strategies
are also used, as are thematic strategies that cross-cut space and time to present complex historical stories at various spatial
scales. Examples are drawn from a range of historical sites in North America, Europe and Israel. 相似文献
18.
《Geoforum》2015
In this article, we examine articulations of mobile citizenship produced through the discursive practices of state agencies, drawing in particular on a study of the contested reconfiguration of outdoor citizenship in Norway. Whilst increased participation and diversity in outdoor activities is highly valued and encouraged because of its social benefits, moral landscapes of the outdoors may be part of settling and reinforcing social differences and existing power relations. The article identifies three discursive normativities through which state officials negotiate mobility and outdoor citizenship; knowledge, skills and socialisation; engaging (with) nature; deserving (in) the outdoors. These normativities serve as a basis for a critical discussion of different aspects of outdoor movement, and how social identities interact with the citizen responsibilities assigned to different forms of mobility, such as mountain biking, skiing and walking. The article demonstrates how and why certain outdoor practices, spaces and boundaries of citizenship are both fluid and critically negotiated by the state officials. By bringing together theories of moral landscapes, mobility and citizenship, the article contributes to understandings of the politics of mobility, and particularly the theorisation of how morality works in relation to different dimensions of mobility. It also highlights how the contestation of mobile citizenship is an issue in rural as well as urban realms. 相似文献
19.
Emrys Jones 《Geoforum》1984,15(1):5-9
Location referring to the earth's structure is absolute and unique. Relative location, emphasising relationships between places, is the basis of locational analysis. Specific location implies a designation of places in terms of social activities and values. A place is a location invested with social values. Space may be undifferentiated until the accumulation of activities and values begin to map it into a meaningful cultural landscape. The significance of specific places can be extended to regions and to states, in which there is convenience between a territory and a value system. Although experiential, this approach to understanding places is a necessary corrective to the incomplete view of reality of orthodox positivism. 相似文献
20.
《Geoforum》2013
Farmers are not commonly included in studies of transnational actors, but with the globalization of agricultural markets, and the neoliberal reform of national agricultural sectors, an increasing number of family farm-entrepreneurs have become engaged in transnational activities. Drawing on interviews with ‘globally-engaged’ farmers in Australia – a country in which expansion into transnational activities has been encouraged by the radical deregulation of domestic markets – this paper explores the transnational mobilities of farmers who have sought to capitalize on the advantages of globalization by directly trading with international partners, establishing international business contacts, and learning international best practice in farm efficiency and environmental performance. In particular, the paper examines the varying spatialities and forms of mobility executed by farmers and observes how different patterns of mobility are executed in response to the particular exigencies of their respective industries as well as the ongoing imperatives of maintaining a farm business. By analyzing the farmers’ own narratives of these different spatialities, the paper develops a more critical and reflexive perspective on globalization and its impact on rural producers, with travel becoming both an opportunity to be enjoyed and a compulsion to be endured by those forced to operate in a climate where state-based support structures are absent. 相似文献