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礼县上坝低缓金异常的特殊查证方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
介绍了礼县上坝化探低缓金异常特征、地质背景、地球化学景观及工作方法,金区域化探异常呈低缓式样出现的主要原因,是由于本区第四系厚度大、地表径流发育等微景观特征所致。遵循常规的工作程序是实现低缓异常找矿突破的有效途径,Ⅲ级查证中加大水系沉积物采样密度、Ⅱ级查证中加大土壤样采样深度至50 cm以上及加大探槽开挖深度,是实现低缓金异常找矿突破的有效方法。 相似文献
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区域化探数据包含丰富的地质信息,可用于浅覆盖区区域地质填图。笔者系统研究了浅覆盖区水系沉积物化学成分与基岩化学成分的关系,利用水系沉积物氧化物成分,以区域岩石化学成分为约束,提出了基岩化学成分推断方法;根据水系沉积物与其矿物化学成分间质量平衡关系,提出了基岩矿物组成推断方法。在此基础上提出了地球化学推断地质图的编制方法,并在典型森林-沼泽浅覆盖区进行了试验,地质调查和钻探工程验证了该方法的有效性。充分利用区域化探资料,提取地质填图信息,是提高浅覆盖区地质填图质量的有效途径。 相似文献
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为了在成矿区带和矿集区找矿工作中有所突破,开展工作区内水系沉积物和土壤剖面地球化学的试验是一项不容忽视的工作。江西九岭钨铜多金属矿集区水系沉积物、典型土壤剖面地球化学试验表明：①在赣北九岭地区寻找岩浆热液型钨、铜多金属矿床的最佳指示元素是W、Sn、Cu、Mo、Bi、Ag、Cd、F;②地球化学普查（1∶25万-1∶5万）水系沉积物的采样位置应以一级水系的采样为主,辅以少量二级水系,采样粒度以10～60目的水系沉积物为宜;③地球化学详查（1∶5000-1∶10000）土壤地球化学测量采样层位为残积土壤B层,采样深度为20～40cm,采样粒度20～40目,或小于40目均可显示出较好的异常。 相似文献
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本文通过对云南西南部两个1:5万图幅地球化学水系沉积物测量、土壤测量和岩石测量三种区域化探方法的试验,从找矿、经济两个方面进行对比,得出了三种化探方法找矿效果相近的结论,但水系沉积物测量以其异常衬度高、野外采样工作量小、样品分析费用少而明显优于土壤测量。在试验中得到的另一发现是低密度(每平方公里约2个样)的岩石测量在发现异常信息和了解微量元素分布区域性变化规律方面有好的效果。岩石测量作为一种有效的区域化探方法值得重视和进一步研究。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(2):197-210
Geochemical maps can provide us with much information on geology, earth surface processes and anthropogenic pressure and are valuable tools for ore prospecting and land management. Stream sediments represent an integral of the various possible sources of sediments upstream from the sampling point therefore there can be multiple signal sources but generally the prevailing signal source is the one related to bedrock geology. Stream sediments collected from active second-order channels including singular geological units, were selected in order to determine the geochemical characteristics of each unit. The aim of this study was to analyse their potential for using them to integrate geological interpretation and produce a geologically-oriented geochemical map. From the 770 samples collected for a regional geochemical mapping program, we selected 149 samples whose catchment basin included only one of the members recognized within the Marnoso–Arenacea formation. This Middle-Upper Miocene (Langhian–Tortonian) turbiditic unit forms the backbone of the Romagna Apennines and has been subdivided into 14 members according to age and lithostratigraphic criteria. The results indicate that there are marked differences in the composition of the members of the Marnoso Arenecea formation which indicate the provenance of the sediment and the palaeogeographic evolution of the units. By means of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (Factor analyses) two main types of sediment compositions are identified: Tortonian members are characterized by sialic coarse grain- sediments while the Langhian–Serravallian members are richer in carbonate fraction, slightly enriched in a mafic contribution. This study elaborated the geochemical data from a geological point of view by integrating the information available in literature to spatially extend the interpretation based on limited site observation as for petrographic studies. In general, the geochemical map based on a geological unit could be a useful tool for carrying out the geological reconstruction of a complex area. 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(1):49-62
Geochemical maps can provide us with much information on geology, earth surface processes and anthropogenic pressure and are valuable tools for ore prospecting and land management. Stream sediments represent an integral of the various possible sources of sediments upstream from the sampling point therefore there can be multiple signal sources but generally the prevailing signal source is the one related to bedrock geology. Stream sediments collected from active second-order channels including singular geological units, were selected in order to determine the geochemical characteristics of each unit. The aim of this study was to analyze their potential for using them to integrate geological interpretation and produce a geologically-oriented geochemical map. From the 770 samples collected for a regional geochemical mapping program, we selected 149 samples whose catchment basin included only one of the members recognized within the Marnoso-arenacea formation. This middle–upper Miocene (Langhian–Tortonian) turbiditic unit forms the backbone of the Romagna Apennines and has been subdivided into 14 members according to age and lithostratigraphic criteria. The results indicate that there are marked differences in the composition of the members of the Marnoso arenecea formation which indicate the provenance of the sediment and the palaeogeographic evolution of the units. By means of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses (Factor analyzes) two main types of sediment compositions are identified: Tortonian members are characterized by sialic coarse grain-sediments while the Langhian–Serravallian members are richer in carbonate fraction, slightly enriched in a mafic contribution. This study elaborated the geochemical data from a geological point of view by integrating the information available in literature to spatially extend the interpretation based on limited site observation as for petrographic studies. In general, the geochemical map based on a geological unit could be a useful tool for carrying out the geological reconstruction of a complex area. 相似文献
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Dan J. Lapworth Katherine V. Knights Roger M. Key Christopher C. Johnson Emmanuel Ayoade Michael A. Adekanmi Tunde M. Arisekola Olugbenga A. Okunlola Birgitta Backman Mikael Eklund Paul A. Everett Robert T. Lister John Ridgway Michael J. Watts Simon J. Kemp Peter E.J. Pitfield 《Applied Geochemistry》2012
This paper provides an overview of regional geochemical mapping using stream sediments from central and south-western Nigeria. A total of 1569 stream sediment samples were collected and 54 major and trace elements determined by ICP-MS and Au, Pd and Pt by fire assay. Multivariate statistical techniques (e.g., correlation analysis and principal factor analysis) were used to explore the data, following appropriate data transformation, to understand the data structure, investigate underlying processes controlling spatial geochemical variability and identify element associations. Major geochemical variations are controlled by source geology and provenance, as well as chemical weathering and winnowing processes, more subtle variations are a result of land use and contamination from anthropogenic activity. 相似文献
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以云南省新街-董干地区1:50000水系沉积物测量成果为基础,统计分析了水系沉积物地球化学参数。运用变异系数、成矿有利度、聚类分析及因子分析等方法分析区内19种元素的地球化学特征, 划分出五类成矿元素组合,确定了主成矿元素。根据组合异常的空间分布及特征,圈定34处综合异常,结合成矿地质条件划分了四处成矿远景区。 相似文献
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该数据集依托中国地质调查局“山东莱州-招远地区金矿整装勘查区矿产调查与找矿预测”项目,在充分收集地质、物探、化探、遥感及矿产等资料基础上,开展毕郭幅矿产地质调查。项目共采集1 875件水系沉积物样品,采样粒级为-10～+80目,平均采样密度4.5个/km2。采用电感耦合等离子质谱法（ICP-MS）、原子荧光光谱法（AFS）、粉末发射光谱法（ES）和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GF-AAS）分析了16种元素,最终形成1：50 000山东毕郭幅地球化学数据集,数据集包含有1 875件样品×16种元素的原始分析数据表格一个,图集一套（含有1张矿产地质图、一张采样点位图和16张元素地球化学图）。区内共新发现单元素地球化学异常149处,综合异常10处,结合地质、矿产、物探、化探、遥感等信息并圈出金矿找矿靶区5处。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(4):125829
The Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region is well known for its abundant mineral resources, and low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization represented by the elemental association of gold, arsenic, antimony and mercury is widely developed there. Many studies on the geological-geochemical characteristics of gold have been conducted, but a comprehensive understanding of the antimony geochemical pattern is still lacking. This paper studied the Sb distribution characteristics and the cause of geochemical anomalies based on the geochemical data of stream sediments and rocks in the study area. In addition, the geochemical data of Au, As, Sb and Hg were centered and log-ratio transformed to eliminate the closure effect, and then random forest regression (RFR) with Au, As and Hg as the characteristic variables was used to investigate the ore-related geochemical anomalies of Sb. Seven geochemical provinces were delineated from the original geochemical data, and they are not entirely consistent with the known deposits. Sb moves from the rocks to the stream sediments during weathering. The variation trend in the Sb background values in stream sediments in each tectonic unit is consistent with that in the rocks themselves, implying that Sb in the stream sediments is inherited from the background rocks. The distributions of Sb predicted by RFR are similar to the distribution pattern of Sb in stream sediments. Of the three elements considered, the influence of As on the variations in the Sb geochemical background is the greatest, followed by Au and then Hg. The geochemical anomalies extracted by the residuals produced in this algorithm are consistent with where the known Sb metallogenic district is located, indicating that this method of recognizing geochemical anomalies is feasible and effective and has theoretical and practical significance. 相似文献
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Overbank and medium-order stream sediment samples were collected in Belgium and Luxembourg from 66 sampling locations (area of about 33,000 km2) and analysed for major and trace elements among which Zn, Pb, Cu and As. At each sampling location large bulk samples were taken, namely in the lower (normally at ≥1.5 m depth, over an interval of about 20–40 cm) and upper (normally upper 5–25 cm) parts of the overbank profiles and from the stream sediments. Furthermore, at a number of these sites, a detailed geochemical analysis of vertical overbank sediment profiles (sampling intervals of 10–20 cm) was subsequently carried out to unravel element variations through time and to help in the overall evaluation. For most sampled sections evidences such as 14C-dating and the absence of anthropogenic particles point towards a pre-industrial and often pristine origin of the lower overbank sediment samples. From the latter bulk samples, mean background concentrations were deduced. They reveal the existence of significant differences between the northern and southern part of Belgium (incl. Luxembourg) which relate to the difference in geological substrate. In the north dominantly non-lithified Quaternary and Tertiary sands, marls and clays occur while in the south Palaeozoic sandstones, shales and carbonate rocks outcrop. Consequently separate mean background values were calculated for the two areas. In the southern study area, some anomalous metal concentrations have been recorded in pre-industrial sediments. They are derived from mineralised Palaeozoic rocks, a feature which could be of interest for base metal exploration. In the upper overbank and stream sediments, in general, higher heavy metal and As contents were recorded with highest values in areas with metal mining, metal melting and cokes treatment industries. By comparing the trace element concentrations of the upper overbank or stream sediment samples with the concentrations detected in the lower overbank samples at each of the sampling locations, and by evaluating the vertical distribution patterns where available, the degree of pollution of the alluvial plain and the present-day stream sediments can be assessed. From this exercise, it is clear that highest pollution occurs in the northern part of Belgium, which relates to its high population density and industrial development. 相似文献
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This study follows the paths of 32 chemical elements in the arid to semi-arid realm of the western Andes, between 27° and 33° S, a region hosting important ore deposits and mining operations. The study encompasses igneous rocks, soils, river and stream sediments, and tailings deposits. The chemical elements have been grouped according to the Goldschmidt classification, and their concentrations in each compartment are confronted with their expected contents for different rock types based on geochemical affinities and the geologic and metallogenic setting. Also, the element behavior during rock weathering and fluvial transport is here interpreted in terms of the ionic potentials and solubility products. The results highlight the similarity between the chemical composition of the andesites and that of the average Continental Crust, except for the higher V and Mn contents of the former, and their depletion in Mg, Ni, and Cr. The geochemical behavior of the elements in the different compartments (rocks, soils, sediments and tailings) is highly consistent with the mobility expected from their ionic potentials, their sulfates and carbonates solubility products, and their affinities for Fe and Mn hydroxides. From an environmental perspective, the low solubility of Cu, Zn, and Pb due to climatic, chemical, and mineralogical factors reduces the pollution risks related to their high to extremely high contents in source materials (e.g., rocks, altered zones, tailings). Besides, the complex oxyanions of arsenic get bound by colloidal particles of Fe-hydroxides and oxyhydroxides (e.g., goethite), thus becoming incorporated to the fine sediment fraction in the stream sediments. 相似文献
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Jian Bai Alok Porwal Craig Hart Arianne Ford Le Yu 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010,104(1-2):1-11
Most conventional statistical methods aiming at defining geochemical concentration thresholds for separating anomalies from background have limited effectiveness in areas with complex geological settings. This paper uses multifractal analysis to combine the characteristics of geochemical frequency distribution and spatial dispersion in order to map geochemical singularities instead of using conventional statistically derived concentration thresholds. The model, termed radius–areal Productivity (r–P) model, employs a stable measure and a scale-increasing method to estimate geochemical singularities spatially on geochemical landscape for delineating potential anomalies. The model is applied to geochemical data of regional stream sediments from the Funin Sheet, Yunnan, China. 相似文献
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围绕覆盖区矿产综合预测的基本思路和关键方法问题,讨论了非线性矿产预测理论和方法如何在覆盖区矿产综合预测中发挥作用,重点介绍了成矿奇异性理论与非线性矿产预测方法在覆盖区矿产预测“弱信息”提取、“复合叠加信息”分解、“缺失和不完整信息”融合等关键问题中的应用.结合正在实施的中国地质调查局“覆盖区矿产综合预测”计划项目,介绍了三方面的研究进展:(1)覆盖层中地球化学元素迁移机理与覆盖层对地表地球化学异常的屏蔽和衰减作用;(2)如何识别由于覆盖层影响而造成的“弱”且“复杂”的地球化学异常;(3)如何综合具有缺失或不完整的多元勘查信息以达到提高覆盖区矿产综合预测精度、降低预测不确定性的目的.以东天山戈壁沙漠覆盖区海相火山岩型铁矿、大兴安岭南部草原覆盖区铁多金属矿、武夷山层控矽卡岩型铁矿等矿床预测为例,介绍了综合预测方法的应用过程和应用效果.研究结果表明,奇异性理论和分析方法可以有效地用于提取水系沉积物地球化学和地球物理(重、磁)弱异常,合理分解复合叠加异常,在此基础上,采用地球化学和地球物理异常的数据融合技术,分别建立了推断铁镁质火山岩、中酸性侵入岩、矽卡岩和热液蚀变等成矿或控矿地质要素的综合信息模型,以及基于综合预测要素建立的覆盖区矿产预测后验概率证据权模型和模糊逻辑模型.应用结果显示,介绍的预测方法不仅可以在出露区圈定成矿远景区,而且在戈壁沙漠覆盖区及第三、第四系松散沉积物覆盖区等均可圈出具有重要资源潜力的远景区,这些远景区往往会被传统的预测方法所遗漏. 相似文献
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The Sample Catchment Basin (SCB) mapping technique extends the representativeness of the geochemical features of stream sediments to the surface of the whole upstream drainage basin. SCB boundaries clash with the water divides traced from each sampling point and are limited upstream by the presence of further SCBs. They are also assumed to represent the elementary map unit. The rank of SCBs can be defined counting the number of upstream SCBs along the branches of a fluvial network. The presence of low rank SCBs minimizes the statistical redundancy of measures. The SCB technique is particularly suitable for the geochemical mapping of mountainous or hilly areas and to correctly display the information into a morphological context. This approach can be also valuable in the case of low sampling density, inhomogeneous sampling schemes, and especially when very accurate evaluations of the spatial distribution of chemicals (with natural or anthropogenic origin) are required. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(9):1482-1497
Population statistics for As concentrations in rocks, sediments and ground water differ by geology and land use features in the New England region, USA. Significant sources of As in the surficial environment include both natural weathering of rocks and anthropogenic sources such as arsenical pesticides that were commonly applied to apple, blueberry and potato crops during the first half of the 20th century in the region. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells has a strong positive correlation with geologic features at the geologic province, lithology group, and bedrock map unit levels. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells also has a positive correlation with elevated stream sediment and rock As chemistry. Elevated As concentrations in bedrock wells do not correlate with past agricultural areas that used arsenical pesticides on crops. Stream sediments, which integrate both natural and anthropogenic sources, have a strong positive correlation of As concentrations with rock chemistry, geologic provinces and ground water chemistry, and a weaker positive correlation with past agricultural land use. Although correlation is not sufficient to demonstrate cause-and-effect, the statistics favor rock-based As as the dominant regional source of the element in stream sediments and ground water in New England. The distribution of bedrock geology features at the geologic province, lithology group and map unit level closely correlate with areas of elevated As in ground water, stream sediments, and rocks. 相似文献