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1.
The topaz-albite granites of the Limu district are ultra-acidic, peraluminous, Li-F-Na-rich and Sn-Ta-Nb-mineralized. A distinct vertical zonation is developed in the granite stocks. There is an upward, systematic transition from leucocratic microcline-albite granite, through albite-microcline granite, topaz-albite granite, pegmatite stockscheider and layered pegmatite-aplite dikes, to K-feldspar-quartz veins and lepidolite-fluorite stringers in the country rocks. Snow-ball textures, homogeneous distribution of rock-forming and accessory minerals, disseminated mineralization, and melt inclusions in quartz, topaz, and albite are typical features indicative of their crystallization from the late stage Li-F-Na-rich and Sn-Ta-Nb-bearing residual granitic melts at a higher intrusion level. A comparison with rare-metal-bearing pegmatite, ongonite, topaz rhyolite and obsidian glass from other regions shows the worldwide existence of these specialized residual melts. Their emplacement and crystallization in a variety of geological environments result in the formation of a series of chemically similar rocks with different petrographic textures and mineral associations. The topaz-albite granites and associated mineralization in the Limu district provide a good example of highly evolved magmatic fractionation in the F-rich granite system and fluid/melt partitioning behavior of rare-metal elements during magmatic-hydrothermal evolution.  相似文献   

2.
小秦岭地区花岗岩体中CO2—H2O包裹体的找矿意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
谢奕汉  范宏瑞 《岩石学报》1998,14(4):542-548
小秦岭地区与金矿成因有关的燕山期文峪花岗岩及其派生石英脉中发育了非常丰富的ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体,其流体为富含ＣＯ２的低盐度（＜１０％ＮａＣｌ）流体,这与含金石英脉内的包裹体类型及金矿成矿流体性质上十分相似。与金矿成因无关的华山岩体内包裹体类型则为水溶液包裹体,流体性质为贫ＣＯ２的低盐度流体。与金矿有关,但其周围矿化很差的娘娘山岩体内ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体数量很少。因此,ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体可以作为与金矿成因有关的花岗岩体关联程度的判别标志,而ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体的丰度可以作为金矿床品位和规模评价及成矿前景展望的依据  相似文献   

3.
The Pemali tin deposit is located in a Triassic granite pluton the magmatic evolution of which is characterized by a decrease of compatible Ca, Mg, Ti, P and Zr in the sequence: medium- to coarse-grained biotite granite, megacrystic medium-grained biotite granite, two-mica granite/muscovite granite. The tin mineralization is confined to the two-mica granite and consists of disseminated cassiterite as well as greisen-bordered veins. The highly evolved muscovite granite is tin-barren and is distinguished from the two-mica granite by its low mica content and low loss-on-ignition values. The fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite of the two-mica granite and of the greisen homogenize in the 115–410 °C temperature range; the salinities are in the range of 0.4–23 equiv wt% NaCl and the CO2 concentrations are < 2 mole%.  相似文献   

4.
In the Aberfoyle Sn/W district of N.E. Tasmania, mineralization is in quartz veins associated with Devonian granite. The host rocks to the mineralization are folded Silurian quartzites, greywackes and shales and these also contain abundant pre-mineralization quartz veins which can be difficult to distinguish from irregularly mineralized ore veins on geological criteria, especially in drill core. It was found that the decrepitation characteristics of the quartz, chiefly the intensity ratio of high and low temperature peaks, which are developed in all decrepigrams, enable a distinction between the two generations of veins to be readily made. The differences between the fluid inclusions in the two generations of veins are relatively subtle, however it seems clear that “CO2-rich” inclusions having a wide range of composition and density are the main source of decrepitation events and that the major differences in decrepitation behaviour can be correlated with differences in average homogenization temperature of these inclusions. Even those ore veins which have undergone moderate ductile deformation have the typical signature of their origin. The decrepitation results are supported by analyses of inclusion gases by Raman microprobe. These analyses differentiate a third group of veins which are possibly unmineralized veins belonging to a separate hydrothermal system.  相似文献   

5.
南岭东段大金山钨锡多金属矿大坳矿段是典型的石英脉型矿床,含矿石英脉具有近地表以钨锡矿化为主,而深部以钼矿化为主的垂向分带规律,且在岩体与地层接触界面附近发育一组与接触面近平行的含钼石英脉。大坳矿段钨锡钼的矿化呈现出上钨锡下钼的分带规律。理论上黑钨矿、锡石通常为相对高温的矿物,一般应发育于相对靠近岩体的高温环境,而辉钼矿为相对低温的矿物,似乎应发育于相对远离岩体的低温环境,初步分析后认为,该矿段的逆向分带特征主要由钨、锡与钼之间不同的地球化学亲和性造成的。  相似文献   

6.
戴盼  吴胜华  丁成武 《岩石学报》2018,34(9):2598-2614
王坞斑岩型Mo-Cu矿床位于北武夷地区,地处钦杭构造岩浆成矿带北段。目前钻孔信息显示,该矿床的矿体主要由网脉状石英-辉钼矿-黄铜矿矿石组成,也含少量的浸染状和细脉浸染状Cu-Mo矿化,主要的蚀变作用包括硅化、绢英岩化和绿泥石化。矿区内隐伏燕山期的花岗斑岩脉及石英闪长玢岩脉。本文对该矿床的花岗斑岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,对主要矿石类型(网脉状石英-辉钼矿矿石)中的辉钼矿进行了Re-Os同位素测年。结果显示,花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为136. 7±2. 2Ma,辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为132. 6±1. 8Ma~134. 5±2. 0Ma,加权平均值为133. 7±0. 94Ma,对应的Re-Os等时线年龄为134. 8±2. 1Ma。花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和辉钼矿的Re-Os年龄在误差范围内基本一致,且花岗斑岩和矿体之间具有密切的空间关系,指示王坞Mo-Cu矿床的Mo矿化可能与矿区内的花岗斑岩存在密切的成因联系。北武夷地区主要的斑岩-矽卡岩和岩浆热液脉型Cu-Mo多金属矿床的成岩成矿年龄数据的统计结果显示,北武夷地区的Cu-Mo-Pb-ZnAg成矿作用主要集中在燕山期,可被划分为150~165Ma和140~125Ma两个阶段。结合区域构造背景资料,王坞Mo-Cu矿床形成于早白垩纪伸展的构造背景下。  相似文献   

7.
The Brandberg West region of NW Namibia is dominated by poly-deformed turbidites and carbonate rocks of the Neoproterozoic Damara Supergoup, which have been regionally metamorphosed to greenschist facies and thermally metamorphosed up to mid-amphibolite facies by Neoproterozoic granite plutons. The meta-sedimentary rocks host Damaran-age hydrothermal quartz vein-hosted Sn–W mineralization at Brandberg West and numerous nearby smaller deposits. Fluid inclusion microthermometric studies of the vein quartz suggests that the ore-forming fluids at the Brandberg West mine were CO2-bearing aqueous fluids represented by the NaCl–CaCl2–H2O–CO2 system with moderate salinity (mean=8.6 wt% NaClequivalent).Temperatures determined using oxygen isotope thermometry are 415–521°C (quartz–muscovite), 392–447°C (quartz–cassiterite), and 444–490°C (quartz–hematite). At Brandberg West, the oxygen isotope ratios of quartz veins and siliciclastic host rocks in the mineralized area are lower than those in the rocks and veins of the surrounding areas suggesting that pervasive fluid–rock interaction occurred during mineralization. The O- and H-isotope data of quartz–muscovite veins and fluid inclusions indicate that the ore fluids were dominantly of magmatic origin, implying that mineralization occurred above a shallow granite pluton. Simple mass balance calculations suggest water/rock ratios of 1.88 (closed system) and 1.01 (open system). The CO2 component of the fluid inclusions had similar δ 13C to the carbonate rocks intercalated with the turbidites. It is most likely that mineralization at Brandberg West was caused by a combination of an impermeable marble barrier and interaction of the fluids with the marble. The minor deposits in the area have quartz veins with higher δ 18O values, which is consistent with these deposits being similar geological environments exposed at higher erosion levels.  相似文献   

8.
黄羊山西金矿位于东准噶尔卡拉麦里成矿带的中段,它由4条含金矿脉组成,矿化发生在富钾、偏碱性花岗斑岩中。为了限定成矿时代,采用LA-MC-ICP-]MS U-Pb同位素定年法对含矿花岗斑岩中的锆石进行了系统的年代学测试;3件样品的锆石CL阴极图像和测试结果揭示花岗斑岩成岩时间为318.4～310.3 Ma,年龄分别为(318.4±1.1 ) Ma(MSWD=1.3)、(310.3±2.6 ) Ma(MSWD=2.1)、(315.9±2.2) Ma(MSWD=2.1)。结合区域地壳演化特征,初步厘定卡拉麦里地区在晚古生代发生两期金成矿作用:早期与偏碱性岩浆活动有关,晚期与韧-脆性构造变形有关;二者均发生在晚古生代碰撞造山期后的伸展环境。  相似文献   

9.
坦桑尼亚的Sangambi地区位于姆贝亚的东北部、卢帕金矿田的东部。通过1∶10 000土壤地球化学测量,圈定了6个Au,Cu,Cr,Ni元素的组合异常,其中ZH-1和ZH-6组合异常与金、铜的矿化关系密切,而ZH-3和ZH-4组合异常与铬、镍(铜)矿化有一定关系。在片麻状花岗岩、细晶闪长岩和花岗闪长岩中发育大量NW向的韧性剪切带和断裂构造,其中的石英脉中经常见有黄铁矿、黄铜矿和金的矿化,刻槽取样最高品位w(Au)=11.5×10-6。土壤测量的结果证实,在卢帕金矿田的东部依然存在金成矿的潜力。  相似文献   

10.
2014年发现的维拉斯托锡锌矿是继20世纪末该矿区铜锌矿之后的重要找矿进展,已控制Sn金属资源量10万t。成矿作用与隐伏花岗岩体有关,该岩体侵入于前寒武纪变质岩中。矿化类型包括岩体顶部的花岗岩型锡锌矿、岩体外侧的石英脉型锡锌矿以及外围的铜锌矿。针对花岗岩、各类矿体开展了岩石学、矿床学、主微量元素地球化学、年代学等研究,初步查明岩浆演化机制、矿床成因及三类矿化的关系。细粒斑状碱长花岗岩La-ICPMS锆石UPb年龄(139.5±1.2)Ma(MSWD=3.3)。岩石中发育多级斑晶,结晶(沉淀)顺序为钠长石→石英→钾长石→钠长石→石英、黄玉、锡石、闪锌矿。花岗岩富Si O2贫Al2O3、Ti O2、TFe2O3、Ca O等,高Rb、Cs、Nb、Ta及W、Mo、Bi、Cu、Zn、In等元素,低Sr、Ba等,钠长石An0.3,与锡钨多金属矿成矿花岗岩性质相似。岩浆晚期经历了岩浆-热液过渡阶段(浆液过渡态流体),自硅酸盐相中分离出富Si、富F和富S的流体相,分别形成花岗岩型矿石中的石英、黄玉、锡石-闪锌矿囊状体(珠滴),伴随熔融包裹体和熔流包裹体,晚期逐渐、连续地向热液阶段过渡。岩浆-热液过渡阶段在岩体顶部形成花岗岩型锡锌矿石,热液阶段在岩体外侧和外围形成石英脉型锡锌矿及铜锌矿、铅锌银矿。这些矿体连同成矿花岗岩共同构成岩浆-热液型锡多金属矿床成矿系统。锡林郭勒—赤峰地区,很多脉状铅锌银矿的成矿作用与酸性侵入岩有关,深部可能存在大规模岩浆-热液型锡(钨)多金属矿。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract. Denggezhuang gold deposit is an epithermal gold‐quartz vein deposit in northern Muru gold belt, eastern Shandong, China. The deposit occurs in the NNE‐striking faults within the Mesozoic granite. The deposit consists of four major veins with a general NNE‐strike. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral parageneses, the veins appear to have been formed during the same mineralization epochs, and are further divided into three stages: (1) massive barren quartz veins; (2) quartz‐sulfides veins; (3) late, pure quartz or calcite veinlets. Most gold mineralization is associated with the second stage. The early stage is characterized by quartz, and small amounts of ore minerals (pyrite), the second stage is characterized by large amounts of ore minerals. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz contain C‐H‐O fluids of variable compositions. Three main types of fluid inclusions are recognized at room temperature: type I, two‐phase, aqueous vapor and an aqueous liquid phase (L+V); type II, aqueous‐carbonic inclusions, a CC2‐liquid with/without vapor and aqueous liquid (LCO2+VCC2+Laq.); type III, mono‐phase aqueous liquid (Laq.). Data from fluid inclusion distribution, microthermometry, and gas analysis indicate that fluids associated with Au mineralized quartz veins (stage 2) have moderate salinity ranging from 1.91 to 16.43 wt% NaCl equivalent (modeled salinity around 8–10 wt% NaCl equiv.). These veins formatted at temperatures from 80d? to 280d?C. Fluids associated with barren quartz veins (stage 3) have a low salinity of about 1.91 to 2.57 wt% NaCl equivalent and lower temperature. There is evidence of fluid immiscibility and boiling in ore‐forming stages. Stable isotope analyses of quartz indicate that the veins were deposited by waters with δO and δD values ranging from those of magmatic water to typical meteoric water. The gold metallogenesis of Muru gold belt has no relationship with the granite, and formed during the late stage of the crust thinning of North China.  相似文献   

12.
位于江西省龙南县上围地区出露的燕山期花岗质复式岩体明显受北东向马屎山硅化断裂带和鹅形石英断裂夹持控制,是有利的产铀岩体,已探明291铀矿床和292矿点。岩体内断裂作用强烈,热液蚀变和铀矿化现象普遍。经地质调查,在岩体内识别出北东向断裂6条和北北东向断裂11条及若干北西—北西西向断裂。其中,北东向断裂主要包括岩体西部的硅化带和东部的石英断裂;北北东向断裂主要包括岩体东部的蚀变碎裂岩带和西部硅化破碎带;北西—北西西向断裂多被中基性岩脉充填,主要包括501～504号脉。北北东向断裂与铀成矿关系最密切,是容矿断裂。断裂的规模和产状控制了铀矿体的空间分布和展布形态,断裂性质控制了铀矿化类型,断裂变形程度控制铀矿化蚀变分带,断裂与中基性岩脉复合控制了富铀矿体的产出形态。  相似文献   

13.
Absolute ages of granite magmatism, as well as of tungsten mineralization, are poorly constrained in the Mongolian Altai and adjacent areas. There are no reports focusing on special isotopic investigations of the tungsten deposits. For the deposits in the Achit nuur and the Zagaan-Shibetin tectonic zones, two concepts that are discussed in the literature assume Paleozoic or Mesozoic ages for mineralization and related granite magmatism. We report the first results of a combined Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotope investigation of rocks and vein minerals of the Ulaan uul tungsten deposit at Kyzyltau; the results suggest Paleozoic ages for vein mineralization and for albitization of the host granite. The Sm-Nd isotope system, and the structure of vein minerals used for isotopic dating, were only slightly affected by late alteration processes. Sm-Nd mineral isochrons for wolframite and fluorite from the veins define an age of 303 ± 17 Ma (MSWD = 1.8, εNd = +0.9 ± 0.2). The Rb-Sr isotope system of the vein-hosting granite was strongly influenced by alteration processes. The Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron (282.2 ± 2.4 Ma, Sri = 0.70667 ± 0.00032, MSWD = 0.53) is interpreted as a mixing line and the age so defined has no direct geological meaning. Nevertheless, using Rb-Sr model ages and data on the degree of alteration of the samples, an age somewhat below 316 Ma can be estimated for albitization of the vein-hosting granite. This age estimation is in good agreement with the Sm-Nd isochron age for the vein mineralization. High εNd values obtained for wolframite and fluorite from the ore veins indicate an important role for material derived from the upper mantle in the ore formation processes.  相似文献   

14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1020-1039
The Shizhuyuan deposit is the largest among the economically important polymetallic tungsten deposits in China. The deposit occurs within the thermal aureole of Yanshanian felsic intrusions that were emplaced into Devonian carbonates and marls. The mineralization can be divided into three phases that are genetically associated with three episodes of granitic emplacement-pseudoporphyritic biotite granite, equigranular biotite granite, and granite porphyry. During the emplacement of pseudoporphyritic biotite granite, thermal metamorphism and subsequent skarnization developed around the stock. The pure limestone was transformed to marble, whereas marls and argillite interlayers were changed to a series of metamorphic rocks such as grossular-diopside hornfels, wollastonite hornfels, diopside hornfels, wollastonite-vesuvianite hornfels, muscovite-K-feldspar-anorthite hornfels, and prehnitevermiculite hornfels. Because of the subsequent strong skarn development, most hornfelses later were transformed into skarns. The skarns distributed around the granite stock are mainly calcic. They are massive in structure, and are composed mainly of garnet, pyroxene, vesuvianite, and wollastonite, with interstitial fluorite, scheelite, and bismuthinite. Although there is no cassiterite in the early skarns, their tin contents average 0.1%. The distribution and compositional and mineralogical relationships of skarn minerals suggest that they formed as a result of progressive reactions of a hydrothermal solution with a limestone of generally constant composition, and that the dominant process was progressive removal of Ca and addition of other constituents to the rocks.

Following the primary skarn formation, some of the assemblages were retrograded to new assemblages such as fluorite-magnetite-salite rock, magnetite-fluorite-amphibole rock, and magnetite-fluorite-chlorite rock. The retrograde alteration of the skarns is characterized by a progressive addition of fluorine, alkali components, silica, tin, tungsten, and bismuth. A zonation from garnet-pyroxene skarn or garnet skarn, through fluorite-magnetite-salite rock, to magnetite-fluorite-chlorite rock frequently can be recognized in the deposit. All retrograde-altered rocks contain scheelite, cassiterite, molybdenite, and bismuthinite.

During the emplacement of equigranular biotite granite, skarn veins several tens of centimeters wide were developed; they contain large crystals of garnet and vesuvianite, and interstitial scheelite, wolframite, cassiterite, and molybdenite. This second stage of mineralization occurs predominantly as coarse and fine stockwork greisens, which were superimposed on the massive skarns and surrounding marble. Such W-Sn-Mo-Bi-bearing greisens can be divided into topaz greisen, protolithionite greisen, muscovite greisen, and margarite greisen. Besides calcic skarn veins and greisens, manganese skarn veinlets also were developed; they consist of rhodonite, spessartine-almandine solid solution, spessartine, and helvite. The distribution of greisens is responsible for a metal zonation—i.e., W-Sn-Mo-Bi and Sn-Be-Cu-F zones from the contact boundary between the granite stock and skarns outward in the deposit. A third stage of mineralization is represented by lead-zinc veins, which also are accompanied by manganese skarns consisting of spessartine, rhodonite, manganese-rich pyroxene, helvite, tephroite, fluorite, tourmaline, and manganese-rich phlogopite.  相似文献   

15.
西昆仑大红柳滩一带锂辉石矿基本特征和勘查新进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
涂其军  韩琼  李平  王登红  李建康 《地质学报》2019,93(11):2862-2873
西昆仑大红柳滩一带伟晶岩型锂铍等稀有金属成矿带位于康西瓦断裂南侧、大红柳滩-郭扎错断裂北侧,该区内广泛发育三叠纪二长花岗岩,锂铍矿体产于花岗伟晶岩中,近几年的矿产勘查工作,发现了多处具有大型—超大型找矿前景的锂铍等稀有金属矿产地。本次研究在系统收集资料的基础上,确定了锂辉石矿基本特征,开展了成矿条件、成矿规律研究。研究表明该区稀有金属矿的成矿时代为晚三叠世—早侏罗世,矿体受伟晶岩脉控制明显,伟晶岩脉的含矿性与岩体之间空间分布距离具有一定的关系,一般表现为近岩体含矿性差,远离岩体含矿性好的特征。三叠纪岩体周边的伟晶岩脉具有良好的稀有金属矿产的找矿前景,有形成稀有金属矿产接替基地的条件。  相似文献   

16.
The Dongpo tungsten ore deposit, the largest scheelite skarn deposit in China, is located at the contact of a 172-m. y. biotite granite with a Devonian marble. The mineralization associated with the granite includes W, Bi-Mo, Cu-Sn and Pb-Zn ores. Several W mineralization stages are shown by the occurrence of ore in massive skarn deposits and in later cross-cutting veins. The high garnet/pyroxene ratio, the hedenbergite and diopside-rich pyroxene and the andradite-rich garnet show the deposit belongs to the oxidized skarn type. Detailed fluid inclusion studies of granite, greisen, skarn and vein samples reveal three types of fluid inclusion: (1) liquid-rich, (2) gas-rich and (3) inclusions with several daughter minerals. Type (3) is by far the most common in both skarn and vein samples. The dominant daughter mineral in fluid inclusions is rhembic, highly birefringent, and does not dissolve on heating even at 530°C. We assume that this mineral is calcite. The liquid phase in most of the fluid inclusions has low to moderate salinities: 0–15 wt. %; in a few has higher salinities (30–40 wt. % NaCl equivalent). The homogenization temperatures of inclusions in the skarn stage range from 350°C to 530°C, later tungsten mineralization-stage inclusions homogenize between 200°C and 300°C, as do inclusions in veins. Fluid inclusions in granite and greisen resemble those of the late tungsten mineralization stage, with low salinity and homogenization temperatures of 200°–360°C. The tungsten-forming fluids are probably a mixture that came from biotite granite and the surrounding country rocks.  相似文献   

17.
The Eastern Desert of Egypt is well known as a gold-mining district since ancient times. Gold mineralization is closely associated with the granitic rocks in such way that the mineralization is either hosted by or occurs immediately adjacent to the granite intrusions. Granitic rocks accompanying gold mineralization in the Eastern Desert can be grouped into three categories i.e. syn-late tectonic calc-alkaline granites, calc-alkaline to mildly alkaline granites of the transitional stage and post-tectonic alkaline granites.Tectonically, gold mineralization is linked with the tectonothermal stages that were operative during the evolution of the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS). During the primitive stages of the island-arc formation, pre-orogenic gold mineralization (auriferous exhalites) was formed by hot brines accompanying submarine volcanic activity. No role for the granite is observed in this stage. Syn-orogenic gold mineralization (i.e. gold hosted in altered ophiolitic serpentinites along thrust faults and in sutures, quartz veins hosted in the metavolcano-sedimentary assemblage and/or the I-type granitic rocks surrounding them) connected with the collision and accretion stage is characterized by emplacement of calc-alkaline (I-type) older granite batholiths. Shear fractures reflected in brittle–ductile shear zones and amphibolite-green schist facies regional metamorphism were broadly contemporaneous with this intense compressional tectonic regime. Available fluid inclusion microthermometry and isotopic studies reveal that both metamorphic and magmatic fluids related to the syn-late tectonic calc-alkaline granites were operative. A further indication for the role of the granites is indicated by the presence of some concentrations of Antimony, Bismuth, Molybdenum, Tungsten, Rubidium, Beryllium, Tin, Yttrium, Ytterbium, Tantalum and Niobium in some auriferous quartz veins in the Egyptian gold mines.In the cratonal development of the (ANS), the land underwent a transitional stage between the major subduction-related calc-alkaline magmatic activity and the subsequent post-tectonic plutonism represented by the alkaline granites. This transitional stage is dominated by the eruption of Dokhan volcanics and deposition of molass-type Hammamat sediments. At ~ 590–530 Ma, the Arabian–Nubian Shield was deformed by post-accretionary structures, in the form of N-trending shortening zones such as the Hamisana shear zone and NW-trending strike-slip faults such as the Najd fault system. The regional NNW–SSE directed extension opened spaces that were progressively sealed with different magmatic phases including among them a considerable proportion of rocks referred to as “younger granites” in the Egyptian literature. Late-orogenic gold mineralization connected with the transitional stage is represented principally by the gold-bearing quartz veins traversing Hammamat molasse sediments, quartz veins traversing syn-extensional younger granites and generally quartz veins in ductile to brittle shears related to the Najd fault system and within Hamisana shear zone and its splays.By the end of Pan African orogeny until the Tertiary, the basement was intermittently intruded by a number of sub-alkaline to per alkaline granite bodies that host Mo, Sn, W, Nb–Ta and U mineralization in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Anorogenic gold mineralization connected with post-orogenic granites is represented by small amounts of the element in disseminations, stockworks and quartz veins of Sn–W–Ta–U mineralization.The present review shows that gold mineralization in Egypt is an expression of two major cycles with distinct magmatic and tectonic characteristics, and the two cycles were separated by a transitional stage. The emplacement of granites in the compressional cycle played an important role in metamorphosing the country rocks by producing the heat energy required for the regional metamorphism and the providing of the magmatic fluids. The H2O–CO2 fluids enriched in volatiles were released at the greenschist–amphibolite facies transition at 450°–500 °C and mixed with the I-type calc-alkaline granite related fluids and both moved down a temperature gradient away from the amphibolite-green schist transition at depth to a lower temperature regime in the upper levels where it is deposited in brittle–ductile shear zones. With the extensional cycle, the syn-extensional granite intrusions acted as heat engine in such way that the heat of the granite drove the convective cells to circulate through the auriferous host-granite contacts, leaching gold and other elements and depositing it in structurally favorable sites. In addition, the contrasts in competency between the granites with brittle deformational characteristics and the surrounding country rocks with a ductile response to stress, led to a generation of extensive fracture pattern within the more competent unit.  相似文献   

18.
Gold mineralization at Hutti is confined to a series of nine parallel, N–S to NNW–SSE trending, steeply dipping shear zones. The host rocks are amphibolites and meta-rhyolites metamorphosed at peak conditions of 660±40°C and 4±1 kbar. They are weakly foliated (S1) and contain barren quartz extension veins. The auriferous shear zones (reefs) are typically characterized by four alteration assemblages and laminated quartz veins, which, in places, occupy the entire reef width of 2–10 m, and contain the bulk of gold mineralization. A <1.5 m wide distal chlorite-sericite (+biotite, calcite, plagioclase) alteration zone can be distinguished from a 3–5 m wide proximal biotite-plagioclase (+quartz, muscovite, calcite) alteration zone. Gold is both spatially and temporally associated with disseminated arsenopyrite and pyrite mineralization. An inner chlorite-K-feldspar (+quartz, calcite, scheelite, tourmaline, sphene, epidote, sericite) alteration halo, which rims the laminated quartz veins, is characterized by a pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, ilmenite, rutile, and gold paragenesis. The distal chlorite-sericite and proximal biotite-plagioclase alteration assemblages are developed in microlithons of the S2–S3 crenulation cleavage and are replaced along S3 by the inner chlorite-K-feldspar alteration, indicating a two-stage evolution for gold mineralization. Ductile D2 shearing, alteration, and gold mineralization formed the reefs during retrograde evolution and fluid infiltration under upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies conditions (560±60°C, 2±1 kbar). The reefs were reactivated in the D3 dextral strike-slip to oblique-slip environment by fault-valve behavior at lower greenschist facies conditions (ca. 300–350°C), which formed the auriferous laminated quartz veins. Later D4 crosscutting veins and D5 faults overprint the gold mineralization. The alteration mineralogy and the structural control of the deposit clearly points to an orogenic style of gold mineralization, which took place either during isobaric cooling or at different levels of the Archean crust. From overlaps in the tectono-metamorphic history, it is concluded that gold mineralization occurred during two tectonic events, affecting the eastern Dharwar craton in south India between ca. 2550 – 2530 Ma: (1) The assemblage of various terranes of the eastern block, and (2) a tectono-magmatic event, which caused late- to posttectonic plutonism and a thermal perturbation. It differs, however, from the pre-peak metamorphic gold mineralization at Kolar and the single-stage mineralization at Ramagiri. Notably, greenschist facies gold mineralization occurred at Hutti 35–90 million years later than in the western Dharwar craton. Editorial handling: G. Beaudoin  相似文献   

19.
Geochemical characteristics of the Chagande’ersi molybdenum deposit in Inner Mongolia and its genesis were analyzed in this study using rock mineralography and rock geochemical testing. The mineralized country rocks of the Chagande’ersi molybdenum deposit consist mainly of medium-to fine-grained monzogranite,medium-to fine-grained rich-K granite,with minor fine-grained K-feldspar granite veins and quartz veins.The rocks are characterized by high silica,rich alkali,high potassium,which are favorable factors for molybdenum mineralization.The rocks have the Rittmann index ranging from 1.329 to 1.961,an average Na2O+K2O value of 7.41,and Al2O3/（CaO+Na2O+K2O）>1,suggesting that the rocks belong to the high-K calc-alkaline peraluminous granite.The typical rock samples are enriched in Rb,Th,K and light rare earth elements,depleted in Sr,Ba,Nb,P and Ti, and these features are similar to that of the melt granite resulting from collision of plate margins.TheδEu of the rocks falls the zone between the crust granite and crust-mantle granite,and are close to that of the crust granite;（La/Lu）N indicates the formation environment of granite is a continental margin setting.The Nb/Ta ratios are close to that of the average crust（10）;the Zr/Hf ratios of monzogranite are partly below the mean mantle（34-60）,while the Zr/Hf ratio of K-feldspar granite are close to the mean value in the crust.Comprehensive analyses show that the granite in this area formed during the transition period between tectonic collision and post-collision.During the plate collision and orogeny,the crust and mantle material were mixed physically,remelting into lava and then crystal fractionation,finally gave rise to the formation of the rock body in this area.This has close spatial and temporal relation with the molybdenum mineralization.  相似文献   

20.
Strongly deformed volcaniclastic metasediments and ophiolitic slices hosting the Sukari gold mineralization display evidence of a complex structural evolution involving three main ductile deformational events (D1–D3). D1 produced ENE-trending folds associated with NNW-propagating thrust slices and intrusion of the Sukari granite (689 ± 3 Ma). D2 formed a moderately to steeply dipping, NNW-trending S2 foliation curved to NE and developed arcuate structure constituting the Kurdeman shear zone (≤ 595 Ma) and East Sukari imbricate thrust belt. Major NE-trending F2 folds, NW-dipping high-angle thrusts, shallow and steeply plunging mineral lineation and shear indicators recorded both subhorizontal and subvertical transport direction during D2. D3 (560–540 Ma) formed NNE-trending S3 crenulation cleavage, tight F3 folds, Sukari Thrust and West Sukari imbricate thrust. The system of NW-trending sinistral Kurdeman shear zone (lateral ramps and tear faults) and imbricate thrusts (frontal ramps) forming the actuate structure developed during SE-directed thrusting, whereas the prevailing pattern of NNE-trending dextral Sukari shear zone and imbricate thrusts forming Sukari thrust duplex developed during NE-directed tectonic shearing. Sukari granite intruded in different pluses between 689 and 540 Ma and associated with at least four phases of quartz veins with different geometry and orientation. Structural analysis of the shear fabrics indicates that the geometry of the mineralized quartz veins and alteration patterns are controlled by the regional NNW- and NE-trending conjugate zones of transpression. Gold-bearing quartz veins are located within NNW-oriented sinistral shear zones in Kurdeman gold mine area, within steeply dipping NW- and SE dipping thrusts and NE- and NS-oriented dextral and sinistral shear zones around Sukari mine area, and along E-dipping backthrusts and NW-SE and N-S fractures in Sukari granite. The high grade of gold mineralization in Sukari is mainly controlled by SE-dipping back-thrusts branched from the major NW-dipping Sukari Thrust. The gold mineralization in Sukari gold mine and neighboring areas in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt is mainly controlled by the conjugate shear zones of the Najd Fault System and related to E-W directed shortening associated with oblique convergence between East and West Gondwana.  相似文献   

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