共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 968 毫秒
1.
This study experimentally investigates the effect of particle size, particle concentration and flow velocity on the migration of suspended particles of size 1.02–47 μm in porous media. The results show that at the same flow velocity, the peak values of the breakthrough curves decrease and corresponding pore volumes increase slightly with increasing particles size. The migration velocity of smaller suspended particles is even greater than water flow velocity, which is attributed to the size exclusion effect. With increase of the injected particle concentration, the deposition coefficients of small single particles increase at first and then tend to a steady state or even decrease slightly, explained by the maximum retention concentration. The dispersivity of small particles decreases with increasing velocity. However, at a high flow velocity, the hydrodynamic dispersivity becomes increasingly dominant with the increase of particle size. The deposition coefficients for large-sized particles are higher than those for small-sized particles, which is attributed to considerable mass removal due to straining. An analytical solution, considering the release effect of sorbed particles, is developed to account for the one-dimensional flow and dispersive effect using a source function method, and then three transport parameters—dispersivity, deposition coefficient and release coefficient—are fitted using the experimental results. Finally, suspended-particle migration is predicted by the proposed model for short-time constant-concentration injection and repeated three-pulse injection. Overall, particle size has a significant effect on the seepage migration parameters of suspended particles in porous media such as the particle velocity, dispersivity and deposition coefficient. 相似文献
2.
Understanding particle transport in porous media is critical in the sustainability of many geotechnical and geoenvironmental infrastructure. To date, the determination of the first-order rate coefficients in the advection–dispersion equation for simulating attachment and detachment of particles in saturated porous media typically has been relied on the result of laboratory-scale experiments. However, to determine attachment and detachment coefficients under varied hydraulic and geochemical variables, this method requires a large experimental matrix because each test provides only one set of attachment and detachment coefficients. The work performed in this study developed a framework to upscale the results obtained in pore-scale modeling to the continuum scale through the use of a pore network model. The developed pore network model incorporated variables of mean particle size, the standard deviation of particle size distribution, and interparticle forces between particles and sand grains. The obtained retention profiles using the pore network model were converted into attachment coefficients in the advection–dispersion equation for long-term and large-scale simulation. Additionally, by tracking individual particles during and after the simulation, the pore network model introduced in this study can also be employed for modeling the clogging phenomenon, as well as fundamental investigation of the impact of particle size distribution on particle retention in the sand medium.
相似文献3.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely manufactured nanoparticles which are utilized in a number of consumer products, such as sporting goods, electronics and biomedical applications. Due to their accelerating production and use, CNTs constitute a potential environmental risk if they are released to soil and groundwater systems. It is, therefore, essential to improve the current understanding of environmental fate and transport of CNTs. The current study systematically investigated the effect of solution chemistry (pH and ionic strength) and physical conditions (collector grain size and flow rate) on the deposition and mobilization of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a series of column experiments under fully saturated conditions. A one-dimensional convection–dispersion model including collector efficiency for cylindrical nanoparticles was used to simulate the transport of MWCNTs in porous media. It was observed that an increase in pH resulted in increased mobility of MWCNTs. However, the transport of MWCNTs was strongly dependent on ionic strength of the background solution and a critical deposition concentration was observed between 3 and 4 mM NaCl concentration, with more than 99 % filtration of MWCNTs at 4 mM. The finer sand grains were able to filter a significant amount of MWCNTs (15 % more than coarse sand) from the inflow solution; this was likely caused by grain-to-grain straining mechanisms in the finer sand. A decrease in pore water velocity also led to more deposition of MWCNTs due to lowering of the kinetic energy of the particles. The results from this study indicated that a weak secondary minimum existed under unfavorable conditions for deposition, but the particles were trapped at both primary and secondary minimum. 相似文献
4.
悬浮颗粒形状对其在多孔介质中迁移和沉积特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
悬浮颗粒在多孔介质中迁移的研究在地下水回灌、地下污染物扩散、核废料处置、石油开采等领域有重要的理论意义和应用价值。为了研究形状对颗粒迁移的影响,对1组球状颗粒（10 ?m中位粒径）和2组杆状颗粒（长径比为3:1和6:1）进行了三阶段室内土柱试验,得到了不同形状颗粒在多种溶液离子强度条件下的穿透曲线。结合DLVO理论分析了悬浮颗粒沉积和释放机制,阐释了形状对颗粒迁移行为的影响。试验结果表明,颗粒形状对迁移特性有重要影响,当离子强度较低时（6 mmol/L）,DLVO势能曲线展现较高能量壁垒,各种形状颗粒沉积主要为次级势阱沉积;当离子强度较高时（150 mmol/L）,球状颗粒因能量壁垒较高,其滞留机制仍以次级势阱沉积为主,但长径比为6:1的杆状颗粒在次级势阱和初级势阱都有沉积,这和杆状颗粒的静电性能和优先方向有关。对于杆状颗粒,边位沉积比端位沉积具有更深的次级势阱和更大的影响距离,边位沉积是更加稳定的沉积方式和沉积的优先方向。基于Derjaguin近似方法的DLVO理论计算显示,DLVO理论预测结果和土柱试验结果吻合较好。 相似文献
5.
Retention of surface-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles in the porous media near the point of injection has been reported in the recent studies. Retention of excess particles in porous media can alter the media properties. The main objectives of this study are, therefore, to evaluate the effect of particle retention on the porous media properties and its implication on further NZVI particle transport under different flow conditions. To achieve the objectives, a one-dimensional transport model is developed by considering particle deposition, detachment, and straining mechanisms along with the effect of changes in porosity resulting from retention of NZVI particles. Two different flow conditions are considered for simulations. The first is a constant Darcy’s flow rate condition, which assumes a change in porosity, causes a change in pore water velocity and the second, is a constant head condition, which assumes the change in porosity, influence the permeability and hydraulic conductivity (thus Darcy’s flow rate). Overall a rapid decrease in porosity was observed as a result of high particle retention near the injection points resulting in a spatial distribution of deposition rate coefficient. In the case of constant head condition, the spatial distribution of Darcy’s velocities is predicted due to variation in porosity and hydraulic conductivity. The simulation results are compared with the data reported from the field studies; which suggests straining is likely to happen in the real field condition. 相似文献
6.
Tahar Ikni Ahmed Benamar Mohamed Kadri Nasre-Dine Ahfir Hua-Qing Wang 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2013,345(9-10):392-400
The transport and filtration behaviour of fine particles (silt) in columns packed with sand was investigated under saturated conditions by using step-input injections. Three samples of different particle size distributions (coarse medium, fine medium and a mixture of both) were used in order to highlight the influence of the pore size distribution on particle retention and size selection of recovered particles. The main parameters of particle transport and deposition were derived from the adjustment of the experimental breakthrough curves by an analytical model. The higher particle retention occurs in the mixture medium, owing to its large pore size distribution, and the filtration coefficient decreases with increasing flow velocity. Particle size distribution of recovered particles shows a thorough size selection: (i) the first recovered particles are the coarser ones; (ii) the size of the recovered particles increases with increasing flow velocity and enlarger pore distribution of the medium. 相似文献
7.
多孔介质中悬浮颗粒迁移和沉积特性的研究对地下污染物净化、石油开采、核废料处置、水土保持等有很重要的意义。对4种不同浓度的悬浮颗粒在3种不同的渗流速度下进行室内试验,研究悬浮颗粒的浓度对其迁移和沉积特性的影响。结果表明,在一定的悬浮颗粒浓度下,随着渗流速度的增加,穿透曲线中的悬浮颗粒的相对浓度也增大。同时,渗流速度一定时,悬浮颗粒的浓度存在一个临界值,小于该临界值,穿透曲线中的相对浓度随悬浮颗粒的浓度增大而增大;大于该临界值时,相对浓度随悬浮颗粒的浓度增大而减小。另外,悬浮颗粒的临界浓度是与渗流速度相关的,随着渗流速度增加,悬浮颗粒的临界浓度也逐渐增大 相似文献
8.
In the classical view of fine sediment transport and deposition in streams, particles are expected to be removed from flowing water simply by direct sedimentation onto the streambed. However, recent research has demonstrated that fine sediments can propagate into pore spaces in the streambed due to hyporheic exchange and be removed by a combination of physical and chemical processes. This behaviour can significantly alter fine sediment size distributions during in-stream sediment transport because the physical transport of fine particles and their attachment to bed sediment grains are both a function of the particle size. Herein, we present model simulations for deposition of suspended sediments with a bimodal size distribution. We also applied this approach to analyse the results of laboratory flume observations of suspended sediment deposition. Results from model simulations and flume experiments clearly show that the rate of particle deposition increases with increasing particle size. Thus, the larger particles are preferentially removed from mixtures and there is a fining of the mixed suspensions over time. Both particle deposition mechanisms, i.e. particle sedimentation and filtration, contribute to the fining of the mixed fine particle suspensions over time, and their effects are clearly demonstrated using the fundamental process-based model. These results clearly demonstrate the effects of stream-subsurface exchange on the temporal evolution of the suspended fine sediment size distribution in downstream transport. 相似文献
9.
One of the major causes of instability in geotechnical structures such as dikes or earth dams is the phenomenon of suffusion including detachment, transport and filtration of fine particles by water flow. Current methods fail to capture all these aspects. This paper suggests a new modeling approach under the framework of the porous continuous medium theory. The detachment and transport of the fine particles are described by a mass exchange model between the solid and the fluid phases. The filtration is incorporated to simulate the filling of the inter-grain voids created by the migration of the fluidized fine particles with the seepage flow, and thus, the self-filtration is coupled with the erosion process. The model is solved numerically using a finite difference method restricted to one-dimensional (1-D) flows normal to the free surface. The applicability of the model to capture the main features of both erosion and filtration during the suffusion process has been validated by simulating 1-D internal erosion tests and by comparing the numerical with the experimental results. Furthermore, the influence of the coupling between erosion and filtration has been highlighted, including the development of material heterogeneity induced by the combination of erosion and filtration.
相似文献10.
Transport and deposition of suspended particles in saturated porous media: hydrodynamic effect 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Nasre-Dine Ahfir Hua Qing Wang Ahmed Benamar Adbellah Alem Nicolas Massei Jean-Paul Dupont 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(4):659-668
A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the transport and deposition rate of suspended particles in columns of saturated porous media (gravel and glass beads), where the porous media were subjected to steady-state flow. Silt particles with a mode of 14 μm diameter (used as the suspended particles) and fluorescein (as the conservative tracer) were injected into the columns in short pulses. The breakthrough curves were competently described with the analytical solution of a convection–dispersion equation with a first-order deposition rate. The experiments were performed using different flow rates. The suspended particle size distribution, the porous media, and the flow rates themselves were the main factors retained in this study to investigate the mechanisms governing the transport and deposition kinetics in detail. The results showed the existence of a flow rate, beyond which suspended particles travel faster than the conservative tracer. A decrease of the deposition rate of suspended particles beyond a critical flow velocity was also observed. Such behaviour led to consideration of the couple hydrodynamic-gravity forces at high flow rates. As the hydrodynamic force increases, particle deposition rates are reduced due to the effect of hydrodynamic forces inhibiting the deposition. 相似文献
11.
在收集查阅国内外已有研究资料的基础上,对地下水中胶体稳定性、迁移机制以及模拟预测方法进行了详细归纳和总结。研究表明,胶体稳定性主要受自身理化性质和水文地球化学条件的影响,其受控于胶体粒径、形态、电势电位以及地下水的pH、离子强度等条件。胶体在多孔介质中的迁移机制主要表现为胶体沉积和形变阻塞,其中针对胶体稳定性的差异性,胶体沉积过程分别表现为表面封阻和过滤熟化。目前有关胶体在地下水中迁移的模拟技术已发展得日益成熟,但结合多孔介质非均质性和胶体化学性质非均质性的数学模型还需进一步探讨。 相似文献
12.
地下环境中可移动的胶体能够促进强烈吸附的污染物质的运移,而胶体自身在运移过程中也会伴随发生沉淀、释放。根据高岭石胶体的土柱出流实验,对不同离子强度条件下胶体在饱和多孔介质中的沉淀和释放行为进行分析,并采用不同模型对其过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,离子强度是影响胶体沉淀和释放过程的重要因素,随着离子强度的增加,胶体的出流峰值逐渐降低,即胶体在多孔介质中的沉淀量逐渐增大,且沉淀速率系数K d 与离子强度成正相关;模型拟合的释放系数与NaCl 浓度显著相关,Grolimund 模型可以很好地模拟胶体的沉淀过程（R 2 >0.95）,但不能准确地模拟释放过程;而胶体运移方程耦合溶质运移方程能够模拟不同离子强度影响下胶体的释放过程（R 2 >0.9） 相似文献
13.
In order to describe diffusive transport of solutes through a porous material, estimation of effective diffusion coefficients is required. It has been shown theoretically that in the case of uncharged porous materials the effective diffusion coefficient of solutes is a function of the pore morphology of the material and can be described by the tortuosity (tensor) (Bear, 1988 [1]). Given detailed information of the pore geometry at the micro-scale the tortuosity of different materials can be accurately estimated using homogenization procedures. However, many engineering materials (e.g., clays and shales) are characterized by electrical surface charges on particles of the porous material which strongly affect the (diffusive) transport properties of ions. For these type of materials, estimation of effective diffusion coefficients have been mostly based on phenomenological equations with no link to underlying micro-scale properties of these charged materials although a few recent studies have used alternative methods to obtain the diffusion parameters (Jougnot et al., 2009; Pivonka et al., 2009; Revil and Linde, 2006 2, 3 and 4). In this paper we employ a recently proposed up-scaled Poisson–Nernst–Planck type of equation (PNP) and its micro-scale counterpart to estimate effective ion diffusion coefficients in thin charged membranes. We investigate a variety of different pore geometries together with different surface charges on particles. Here, we show that independent of the charges on particles, a (generalized) tortuosity factor can be identified as function of the pore morphology only using the new PNP model. On the other hand, all electro-static interactions of ions and charges on particles can consistently be captured by the ratio of average concentration to effective intrinsic concentration in the macroscopic PNP equations. Using this formulation allows to consistently take into account electrochemical interactions of ions and charges on particles and so excludes any ambiguity generally encountered in phenomenological equations. 相似文献
14.
The groutability depends on the properties of the grout, its injection processes, and on the mechanical properties of the soil formation. During the process of pouring cement‐based grouting into a porous medium, a variation with time occurs in the viscosity of grout suspension. In addition, the particle filtration phenomenon will limit the expansion of the grouted zone because cement particles are progressively stagnant within the soil matrix. In this paper, a closed‐form solution was derived by implementing the mass balance equations and the generalized phenomenological filtration law, which can be used to evaluate the deposition of cement‐based grout in the soil matrix. The closed‐form solution relevant to a particular spherical flow was modified by a step‐wise numerical calculation, considering the variable viscosity caused by a chemical reaction, and the decrease in porosity resulting from grout particle deposition in the soil pores. A series of pilot‐scale chamber injection tests was performed to verify that the developed step‐wise numerical calculation is able to evaluate the injectable volume of grout and the deposition of grout particles. The results of the chamber injection tests concurred well with that of the step‐wise numerical calculation. Based on the filtration phenomenon, a viable approach for estimating the groutability of cement‐based grout in a porous medium was also suggested, which might facilitate a new insight in the design of the grouting process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
建立考虑吸附-解吸效应的颗粒加速迁移问题控制方程,通过Laplace变换和Fourier变换求出颗粒瞬时和周期性注入情况下点源和面源问题的解析解。同时,开展点源瞬时注入方式下颗粒迁移试验,并将试验和理论计算结果进行对比分析,两者较为吻合,从而验证了解析解的正确性。点源瞬时注入方式下颗粒迁移参数的分析进一步表明：吸附系数越大,颗粒的浓度峰值越小。解吸系数对浓度峰值左侧曲线影响较小,而对浓度峰值右侧曲线来说,解吸系数不仅影响颗粒浓度,也影响颗粒迁移时间;浓度等值线在x-y平面上的形状近似为椭圆形,解吸系数越大,相应的浓度等值线的范围越大;随着y方向弥散系数增大,浓度峰值上、下两侧的等值线梯度逐渐减小。研究成果可为地下污染物治理、地下水开采、核废料处置以及城市固体废弃物填埋等工程提供理论基础。 相似文献
16.
《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2003,68(1-4):167-182
A new method and simple, yet accurate, equations for determining the tenacity of particle attachment and the particle size limit in flotation were developed by applying the force analysis of the gravity–capillarity coupling phenomena controlling the bubble–particle stability and detachment. Approximate solutions to the Young–Laplace equation were used to develop simple equations for the tenacity of attachment of particles with diameter up to 20 mm. Simple equations for the maximum size of floatable particles were derived as explicit functions of the particle contact angle, the surface tension, the particle density and the mean centrifugal acceleration of turbulent eddies. For the typical particle size and contact angle encountered in flotation, the analysis showed that the bubble size has little effect on the tenacity of particle attachment. The prediction for the largest size of floatable particles is compared with the experimental data and signifies influence of turbulence on the particle detachment. 相似文献
17.
为了研究孔隙结构和水动力对悬浮颗粒在饱和多孔介质中沉积和迁移特性的影响,对天然硅粉（悬浮颗粒）和荧光素钠（示踪剂）在饱和多孔介质中的渗流迁移特性进行土柱试验,分别得到了5种不同渗流速度（0.033、0.066、0.132、0.199、0.265 cm/s）、两种不同多孔介质（石英砂和玻璃球）的悬浮颗粒和示踪剂全组合下的20条穿透曲线。根据试验结果,研究孔隙结构、渗流速度对饱和多孔介质中颗粒迁移和沉积过程中水动力作用机制、弥散效应、加速效应的影响。研究表明,悬浮颗粒的穿透曲线可以用一阶沉积动力学对流弥散方程的解析解来描述。随着渗流速度的增大,水动力学作用对颗粒出流浓度的影响越来越大,而孔隙结构的影响则相对减弱。同时,存在一个临界渗流速度值。当渗流速度超出该值时,悬浮颗粒迁移要快于示踪剂,而且临界渗流速度对于玻璃球和石英砂两种多孔介质是不同的;其次,在两种介质中,随渗流速度增大,弥散度增加,回收率和回收悬浮颗粒粒径增大,沉积系数先增大后减小。此外,在孔隙比相近的情况下,悬浮颗粒在玻璃球介质中的回收率要大于其在石英砂中的。可见,孔隙结构和渗流速度是影响饱和多孔介质中颗粒输运的重要因素,渗流速度越大,孔隙结构的作用越明显。 相似文献
18.
Modeling microbial processes in porous media 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
The incorporation of microbial processes into reactive transport models has generally proceeded along two separate lines
of investigation: (1) transport of bacteria as inert colloids in porous media, and (2) the biodegradation of dissolved contaminants
by a stationary phase of bacteria. Research over the last decade has indicated that these processes are closely linked. This
linkage may occur when a change in metabolic activity alters the attachment/detachment rates of bacteria to surfaces, either
promoting or retarding bacterial transport in a groundwater-contaminant plume. Changes in metabolic activity, in turn, are
controlled by the time of exposure of the microbes to electron acceptors/donor and other components affecting activity. Similarly,
metabolic activity can affect the reversibility of attachment, depending on the residence time of active microbes. Thus, improvements in quantitative analysis of active
subsurface biota necessitate direct linkages between substrate availability, metabolic activity, growth, and attachment/detachment
rates. This linkage requires both a detailed understanding of the biological processes and robust quantitative representations
of these processes that can be tested experimentally. This paper presents an overview of current approaches used to represent
physicochemical and biological processes in porous media, along with new conceptual approaches that link metabolic activity
with partitioning of the microorganism between the aqueous and solid phases.
Received, January 1999 · Revised, June 1999, July 1999 · Accepted, October 1999 相似文献
19.
Dong Ding 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(3):669-679
A mathematical model based on the advection-dispersion equation, modified to account for growth, decay, attachment, and detachment of microorganisms, was developed to describe the transport and growth of bacteria in aquifers. Column experiments on the transport of a species of sulfate-reducing bacteria through saturated-aquifer sediment were conducted to gain a quantitative knowledge of the attachment and detachment processes. Relevant parameter values such as the attachment-site capacity of the sediment and the attachment and detachment coefficients under different conditions, were obtained by fitting the experimental data with the non-growth condition transport model. The transport model was then refined and improved to incorporate the microbial sulfate reduction mechanism. To evaluate the applicability of this model, bacterial transport in aquifers under both nutrient-rich and oligotrophic environments was modeled by employing the parameters gained from experiments and from available literature; the model results were consistent with observations reported in former studies. In addition, the results revealed that the distribution of bacteria in the aqueous phase and in the sediments is directly related to the attachment-site capacity of the sediment. Thus, the attachment-site capacity of the sediment is a key factor to evaluate the transport and growth of bacteria in aquifers. 相似文献
20.
Chan-Hee Park Christof Beyer Sebastian Bauer Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(8):1755-1766
Precise and efficient numerical simulation of transport processes in subsurface systems is a prerequisite for many site investigation
or remediation studies. Random walk particle tracking (RWPT) methods have been introduced in the past to overcome numerical
difficulties when simulating propagation processes in porous media such as advection-dominated mass transport. Crucial for
the precision of RWPT methods is the accuracy of the numerically calculated ground water velocity field. In this paper, a
global node-based method for velocity calculation is used, which was originally proposed by Yeh (Water Resour Res 7:1216–1225,
1981). This method is improved in three ways: (1) extension to unstructured grids, (2) significant enhancement of computational
efficiency, and (3) extension to saturated (groundwater) as well as unsaturated systems (soil water). The novel RWPT method
is tested with numerical benchmark examples from the literature and used in two field scale applications of contaminant transport
in saturated and unsaturated ground water. To evaluate advective transport of the model, the accuracy of the velocity field
is demonstrated by comparing several published results of particle pathlines or streamlines. Given the chosen test problem,
the global node-based velocity estimation is found to be as accurate as the CK method (Cordes and Kinzelbach in Water Resour
Res 28(11):2903–2911, 1992) but less accurate than the mixed or mixed-hybrid finite element methods for flow in highly heterogeneous media. To evaluate
advective–diffusive transport, a transport problem studied by Hassan and Mohamed (J Hydrol 275(3–4):242–260, 2003) is investigated here and evaluated using different numbers of particles. The results indicate that the number of particles
required for the given problem is decreased using the proposed method by about two orders of magnitude without losing accuracy
of the concentration contours as compared to the published numbers. 相似文献