共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
扬-泰-靖地区地下水系统水力联系与硫酸盐污染特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对长江三角洲扬-泰-靖地区第四系松散层地下水中环境同位素(D、18O、34S)的分布特征进行了分析,旨在揭示大气降水、长江水、潜水及承压水之间的水力联系,辨别地下水中硫酸盐的来源及其污染状况。研究结果表明潜水含水层接受大气降水及长江水的补给,硫酸盐主要为农业污染来源或与海源硫酸盐的混合。承压含水层主要接受大气降水的补给,与潜水含水层及长江之间的水力联系较差,硫酸盐来源不同。在研究区顶部和沿江地段的浅层孔隙承压水中,硫酸盐来源于硫化物的氧化;在东部的深层孔隙承压水中,硫酸盐主要来源于硫酸盐岩的溶解或海源硫酸盐的滞留,基本未受到潜水或地表水中硫酸盐的污染。 相似文献
2.
吉林中部平原区地下水温动态变化影响因素的关联度分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以吉林中部平原区为例,分析了孔隙潜水、孔隙承压水以及白垩系孔隙裂隙承压水温度的多年变化特征,并采用灰色关联度分析方法,确定了各含水层地下水温度与地下水埋深、气温、降水量之间的关联性,分析了影响其变化的主要因素。结果表明,对于3组含水层,从20世纪80年代初至2001年的近20年间,地下水温度都有不同程度的上升。对于孔隙潜水和孔隙承压水,地下水温度呈上升变化的本质原因是全球气候逐年变暖,而地下水活动和大气降水的增强起到了促进作用,特别是对孔隙承压水温度的上升作用更加明显;对于白垩系孔隙裂隙承压水,其温度呈上升变化则主要是由该含水层被普遍超采所引起的。 相似文献
3.
The Judea Group, a limestone and dolomite karstic aquifer of late Albian–Turonian age, is one of the most important sources
of water in Israel. In the western part of the country, the Judea Group aquifer is also known as the Yarkon–Taninim basin.
In the northern Negev, the Judea Group is a recipient for fresh water flowing southward from the Hebron Mountains and of brackish
paleowater flowing northward from Sinai. Very little is known of the hydraulic properties of this aquifer. In order to outline
assumed natural flow paths that existed in this karstic environment prior to groundwater exploitation, use was made of lithological,
structural, and paleomorphological features. A detailed hydrogeological conceptual model of the Judea Group aquifer in northern
Negev was established by the geological interpretation of high-resolution seismic reflection and by analysis of lithological
evidence from boreholes. Isopach, isolith-contour, and isolith-ratio maps were compiled for the main lithological components.
Increase in transmissivity values is inversely proportional with the cumulative thickness of argillaceous components. The
lithological and hydraulic evidence provides the basis for subdividing the subsurface into distinctive permeability zones
for the upper and lower sections of the aquifer; for outlining possible preferential groundwater flow paths for both subaquifers;
and for improving understanding of groundwater-salinty variations that result from lithological variability, direction of
groundwater flow paths, groundwater flow rates, and the duration of rock/water interactions. In an earlier conceptual model
of the basin, the Judea Group aquifer was regarded as a continuous and undisturbed entity. The present study reveals an intricate
groundwater flow pattern that is controlled by lithological and structural factors that create zones of preferential flow.
This interpretation bears on the overall evaluation of groundwater resources and their management and exploitation.
Received, December 1996 · Revised, October 1997, June 1998 · Accepted, July 1998 相似文献
4.
James A. Kingsbury Jeannie R. B. Barlow Bryant C. Jurgens Peter B. McMahon John K. Carmichael 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(6):1661-1678
Wells along two regional flow paths were sampled to characterize changes in water quality and the vulnerability to contamination of the Memphis aquifer across a range of hydrologic and land-use conditions in the southeastern United States. The flow paths begin in the aquifer outcrop area and end at public supply wells in the confined parts of the aquifer at Memphis, Tennessee. Age-date tracer (e.g. SF6, 3H, 14C) data indicate that a component of young water is present in the aquifer at most locations along both flow paths, which is consistent with previous studies at Memphis that documented leakage of shallow water into the Memphis aquifer locally where the overlying confining unit is thin or absent. Mixtures of young and old water were most prevalent where long-term pumping for public supply has lowered groundwater levels and induced downward movement of young water. The occurrence of nitrate, chloride and synthetic organic compounds was correlated to the fraction of young water along the flow paths. Oxic conditions persisted for 10 km or more down dip of the confining unit, and the presence of young water in confined parts of the aquifer suggest that contaminants such as nitrate-N have the potential for transport. Long-term monitoring data for one of the flow-path wells screened in the confined part of the aquifer suggest that the vulnerability of the aquifer as indicated by the fraction of young water is increasing over time. 相似文献
5.
通过分析长江三角洲扬泰靖地区第四系松散层地下水硫酸盐的硫同位素组成特征,揭示不同层次和地段地下水中硫酸盐的演化规律及其赋存环境变化特点。研究表明潜水中硫同位素值变化不大,8.3‰～10.5‰,而孔隙承压水中硫同位素值变化较大,随深度增加而增大(最高达71.6‰)。在潜水中,硫酸盐源于农业污染或污染物与海源硫酸盐的混合;在顶部地区和沿江地段的浅层孔隙承压水中,负δ34S值的硫酸盐源于硫化物的氧化,与其松散层岩性以砂性土为主、径流条件好、封闭性差和处于氧化环境有关;而在东部的深层孔隙承压水中,高δ34S值的硫酸盐源于硫酸盐的还原,与其松散层岩性以粘性土为主、隔水层发育、径流条件差、封闭性好和处于还原环境有关。 相似文献
6.
When pumping is conducted in confined aquifer inside excavation pit(waterproof curtain),the direction of the groundwater seepage outside the excavation changes from horizontal to vertical owing to the existence of the curtain barrier.There is no analytical calculation method for the groundwater head distribution induced by dewatering inside excavation.This paper first analyses the mechanism of the blocking effects from a close barrier in confined aquifer.Then,a simple equation based on analytical solution is proposed to calculate groundwater heads inside and outside of the excavation pit with waterproof curtain(hereafter refer to close barrier)in a confined aquifer.The distribution of groundwater head is derived according to two conditions:(i)pumping with a constant water head,and(ii)pumping with a constant flow rate.The proposed calculation equation is verified by both numerical simulation and experimental results.The comparisons demonstrate that the proposed model can be applied in engineering practice of excavation. 相似文献
7.
天然成因的高氟地下水是世界范围内备受关注的环境问题和饮用水安全问题。前人对高氟地下水的形成过程已开展了大量研究,但是对于高原盆地复杂水文地质条件下不同类型含水层组(第四系松散层含水层、基岩裂隙或岩溶含水层以及新生代古近纪以来的碎屑岩含水层)高氟地下水的分布和形成过程尚不明确。本文以化隆—循化盆地为研究区,通过采集、测试研究区内的各类地下水样品,分析研究区内不同类型含水层中地下水的化学特征及同位素特征。结果表明,高氟地下水(1.007.73 mg/L)主要分布在沿黄河的河谷区域和巴燕低山丘陵区域的泉水和潜水中以及深部的承压水中,在垂向上高氟地下水无明显分布规律。接受黄河水入渗补给的河谷潜水中氟离子浓度较低,补给黄河的河谷潜水中氟离子浓度较高。贫钙富钠的弱碱性苏打型水有利于地下水中氟的富集。泉水和潜水中氟主要来源于萤石的溶解,而承压水中氟除了来源于萤石外,还来源于其他含氟矿物。对于潜水和第四系松散层泉水,蒸发浓缩作用促进了地下水中氟的富集。另外,阴离子竞争吸附作用、阳离子交换吸附作用是泉水(第四系松散层泉水和基岩裂隙泉水)和潜水中氟元素富集的主要原因,而承压水中氟离子浓度受竞争吸附作用影响较大,阳离子交换吸附作用影响较小。研究成果可为化隆—循化盆地低氟地下水的勘查和开发提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
Giorgio Pilla Elisa Sacchi Gianmaria Zuppi Giovanni Braga Gianfranco Ciancetti 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(5):795-808
A multicriteria approach in studying hydrodynamics of a multilayer aquifer system has been used in the Lomellina region (Northern Italy). It involves the reconstruction of the hydrogeological framework coupled to the definition of the hydrochemical and isotopic features of the aquifers. A shallow phreatic aquifer, reaching depths of about 60–80 m from the surface, and deeper aquifers containing confined groundwater, were distinguished. Groundwater generally shows mineralisation decreasing with depth; dissolved ions depict calcium-bicarbonate hydrochemical facies and stable isotopes define the recharge mechanisms, the origin of groundwater, and the hydraulic confinement of deep aquifers. The phreatic aquifer is fed by local infiltration and by streams and irrigation channels. Tritium and Carbon-14 groundwater dating indicate long residence times (on the order of thousands of years) for confined aquifers. The confined aquifers show essentially passive hydrodynamic conditions and maintain a higher piezometric level than the phreatic aquifer. This inhibits the possibility of recent water penetrating far below the surface. The hydrogeological setting of the Lomellina region displays features which are common to other sectors of the Po plain. As a consequence, the results of this study, although conducted on a restricted area, are highly illustrative of groundwater hydrodynamics in large sedimentary aquifers. 相似文献
9.
冲洪积扇含水层地下水可开采量数值模拟——以文峪河冲洪积扇为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
刘少玉 《水文地质工程地质》1998,25(1):38-41
依据钻孔岩性,水文地质资料,将文峪河冲洪积扇平原分为上游单一潜水区和中下游承压水区,中下游垂向划分为上部弱水含水层和下部较强承压水含水层,对上游潜水和中下游承压水用二维侧向流数学模型,对中下游弱潜水用一维垂向流数学模型,在计算了现状开采条件下的水资源基础上,进一步计算出,在扇上游集中采水时,按工业开采和农业开采,以地下水多年总补排均衡,水位长期稳定的约束条件地下水可开采量。 相似文献
10.
A shallow alluvial coastal aquifer in the Batinah area of Oman, with sea-water intrusion that extends several kilometres inland, has been studied experimentally, analytically and numerically. The water table is proved to have a trough caused by intensive pumping from a fresh groundwater zone and evaporation from the saline phreatic surface. Resistivity traverses perpendicular to the shoreline indicated no fresh groundwater recharge into the sea. Using an analytical Dupuit-Forchheimer model, developed for the plain part of the catchment, explicit expressions for the water table, sharp interface location and stored volume of fresh water are obtained. It is shown that by the pumping of salt water from the intruded part of the aquifer, this intrusion can be mitigated. Different catchment sizes, intensities of fresh groundwater pumping, evaporation rates, water densities, sea level, incident fresh water level in the mountains and hydraulic conductivity are considered. SUTRA code is applied to a hypothetical case of a leaky aquifer with line sinks modeling fresh water withdrawal and evaporation. The numerical code also shows that pumping of saline water can pull the dispersion zone back to the shoreline. 相似文献
11.
12.
文章从一维地下水运动和渗透力学的角度,分析比较潜水位上升与承压水位下降对岩溶地区透—阻型盖层中阻水层渗透稳定性的影响,重点讨论了承压水位下降速度(降速)与下降深度（降深）对阻水层中渗透坡降的影响,结果表明:地下水位变化（潜水位上升或承压水位下降）产生的非稳定渗流不利于岩溶洞穴开口上方阻水层的稳定,承压水位的下降对岩溶开口附近处阻水层中渗透力的影响远大于潜水位的变化;在承压层水位最大降深确定的条件下,承压水位下降速度愈快,岩溶开口附近处阻水层中向下渗透力愈大。因此,在覆盖型岩溶地区抽取地下水时,为了减缓或避免覆盖型塌陷的发生,应同时控制好最大降深和最大开采速度。 相似文献
13.
通过分析抽水试验过程中井损产生的原因及确定方法,运用水位动态变化过程中的井损计算方法,对乌兰陶勒盖水源地WL6号孔的抽水试验资料的井损计算程序进行了说明,并提出了该水源地理想降深与实际降深的经验公式。利用Aqui Test软件,分别计算了忽略井损和考虑井损两种情况下潜水(承压水)抽水井渗透系数及给水度(贮水率),从计算结果来看,计算井损、修正降深所得的各参数的值要比不考虑井损的值大;井损对潜水的抽水试验资料的影响要比承压水的大。 相似文献
14.
五沟煤矿太原组上段灰岩岩溶裂隙水是矿井主采煤层（10煤）的主要充水含水层。通过对矿区水文地质边界条件、地面抽水试验和井下放水试验的分析,认为矿区水文地质边界受制于周边的较大型隔阻水断层,从而形成了较封闭的地下水系统;太原组上段灰岩含水层的富水性在平面上具有不均一性,在垂向具有随着深度的增加,岩溶发育有减弱的趋势,基本上属弱富水含水层,仅在局部构造发育带为中等富水含水层。利用利用surfer软件,绘制出矿区太原组灰岩水位等值线图;从图上可以看出,矿区目前太原组含水层水位标高总体呈北高南低,中间高两边低的态势,并在井田西南部形成以水5孔及J5-1孔为中心的低水位区。该研究对目前矿井防治水工作具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
15.
Ye-Shuang Xu Huai-Na Wu Bruce Zhi-Feng Wang Tian-Liang Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):351
Foundation dewatering has become a major cause of land subsidence in Shanghai. The burial depth of foundations in relation to geotechnical construction works is less than 75 m, and the corresponding groundwater includes phreatic, low-pressure artesian, and the first confined aquifers. Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions beneath Shanghai, methods of dewatering may be divided into three modes and further five patterns according to the insertion depth of the dewatering-retaining system. The most common dewatering mode aims to reduce the water pressure in the confined aquifer by setting the dewatering wells inside the pit, whilst the retaining walls are buried in the confined aquifer and partially cut off the confined aquifer layer. To predict the settlement due to foundation dewatering, numerical models are generally adopted, which are similar to those used to predict land subsidence induced by regional groundwater withdrawal; however, since foundation dewatering is conducted along with the setting of retaining walls and foundation pit excavation, which differs from regional groundwater withdrawal, interactions between the retaining wall-dewatering well, the dewatering-excavation, and dewatering-recharge are important factors affecting the analytical model. Since the grading of the shallow soil layers is different, stratified settlement characteristics of the shallow soil strata and seepage erosion, which results in additional deformation, need to be given particular consideration. 相似文献
16.
17.
敬信盆地第四系下更新统沉积环境以冲积扇相为主,发育有下部孔隙承压含水层(Mx);中上更新统以湖泊相为主,发育有上部孔隙承压含水层(Ms);孔隙潜水含水层的的发育层位为全新统。盆地内各层位地下水的补给来源主要为大气降水,上、下孔隙承压水主要靠孔隙潜水越流补给,其动态变化滞后于孔隙潜水近一个月,地下水向图们江径流、排泄。潜水含水层富水性较弱,水化学类型复杂;承压含水层富水性强,上部承压含水层水质优良,下部承压含水层水质稍差,水中Fe、Mn含量较高,并沿图们江向下游有增高的趋势。 相似文献
18.
利用设计建造的抽水试验装置,采取多项潜水及承压水的抽水试验,获得大量的抽水井周围饱水介质场三维动态观测数据。试验发现：无论是潜水还是承压水状态,抽水井附近观测井的水位变化,均具有距抽水井愈远愈高、愈近愈低的漏斗状分布,抽水井附件的地下水位降落漏斗是显著的;同时发现每个观测井不同高度上的观测点的水位,均呈现上高下低的特征,说明地下水具有由上到下的运动分量,地下水由周边的供水边界向抽水井聚集运移时,运动方向是下斜向的,潜水如此,承压水也如此。分析认为,这是水头压力与水体自身重力同时起作用的结果。由此推断,在抽水时,靠近承压水含水层顶板存在强势水流,且越靠近补给源,这种强势水流越强。 相似文献
19.
地下水的补排主要包括垂向的地面入渗补给、蒸发排泄（蒸发可视为入渗的负值）及侧向的地表水补给、排泄。水文地质学最基本的问题之一——地下水可持续开釆量的评价准则,涉及补给的增量与排泄的减量,因此地下水开采的预测模型必须包含上述两类的补给、排泄因素,否则不能满足要求。然而,经典的Theis不稳定井流模型,即使在傍河抽水,也只有侧边界的补给、排泄作用,而不涉及上边界的地面入渗补给。这样一来,这个解析模型基本上不能够用于预测,而只能在旱季用于井流试验求取含水系统的参数。为此,文章的目标是发展具地面入渗补给的Theis不稳定潜水井流模型。对于潜水流问题,不能再用承压水流的以水头为应变量的方程来建立,应采用第二类线性化方法的势函数来建立潜水流问题。对于既有降雨入渗补给,又有抽水井作用的复杂的水文地质问题所概化数学模型的求解,采取的方法是把它分解成若干个简单的子模型问题求解,然后将其合成为原来复杂数学模型的解。基于质量守恒原理,假定渗流服从Darcy定律并满足Dupuit徦定建立了水流基本微分方程。然后对于两平行河流及一河流平行一隔水边界形成的两类条形区域,具地面均匀稳定入渗补给的井流问题,获得通用水位方程和几类常见的特定条件水位方程及其流量方程。此外,提出并采用“边界对边界的反映法”用以求解一河流平行一隔水边界条形区域的同一问题,减少了许多推导过程。最后,作为上述理论成果的初步应用,也是一个重要的应用,即在河水水质不能满足要求的河流附近,设有一口抽水井,计算该抽水井在不汲取河水的前提下的临界流量方程,获得具重要意义的结构简洁的关系式。该方程也可以用于滨海区的抽水井,在不发生海水入侵前提下的临界抽水流量计算。给出了上述条件不稳定井流过程某时刻的地下水流网图,其流网与文献中常见的傍河井流的流网相比,具显明的特征。 相似文献
20.
Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Florida, USA 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Geochemical reaction models were evaluated to improve radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater
from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer in central and northeastern Florida, USA. The predominant geochemical reactions
affecting the 14C activity of DIC include (1) dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite with calcite precipitation (dedolomitization), (2) sulfate
reduction accompanying microbial degradation of organic carbon, (3) recrystallization of calcite (isotopic exchange), and
(4) mixing of fresh water with as much as 7% saline water in some coastal areas. The calculated cumulative net mineral transfers
are negligibly small in upgradient parts of the aquifer and increase significantly in downgradient parts of the aquifer, reflecting,
at least in part, upward leakage from the Lower Floridan aquifer and circulation that contacted middle confining units in
the Floridan aquifer system. The adjusted radiocarbon ages are independent of flow path and represent travel times of water
from the recharge area to the sample point in the aquifer. Downgradient from Polk City (adjusted age 1.7 ka) and Keystone
Heights (adjusted age 0.4 ka), 14 of the 22 waters have adjusted 14C ages of 20–30 ka, indicating that most of the fresh-water resource in the Upper Floridan aquifer today was recharged during
the last glacial period. All of the paleowaters are enriched in 18O and 2H relative to modern infiltration, with maximum enrichment in δ18O of approximately 2.0‰.
Electronic Publication 相似文献