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1.
海南岛蓬莱地区超镁铁岩包体及其寄主玄武岩的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
蓬莱地区寄主玄武岩为晚第三纪火山喷发的产物,主要岩石为碧玄岩,碱性橄榄玄武岩和橄榄玄武岩,其中含有超镁铁岩包体。寄主玄武岩属碱性系列,是地幔橄榄岩低度部分熔融的产物。超镁铁岩包体具有局部熔融的迹象和弱亏损型地幔岩的特征,推测为上地幔橄榄岩低度部分熔融后的难熔残余。 相似文献
2.
吉林辉南大椅山碱性玄武岩及其成因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
大椅山是龙岗火山群的西部成员之一,本文试图以大椅山玄武岩研究为例,说明整个龙岗火山群的岩浆起源。主要结论有:①大椅山玄武岩为幔源原生岩浆;②玄武岩中的超镁铁岩包体是地幔岩熔出玄武岩浆后的残留矿物组合;③玄武岩浆起源于70—90公里左右的地幔深处,T=1337—1408℃,P=20.6—26.3kb;④龙岗火山群的各种特点是上地幔源区含水和构造裂隙发育的综合结果。 相似文献
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宕昌好梯第三纪超镁铁质岩中巨晶及其形成条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分布于好梯第三纪陆相地层中的超镁铁质岩属碱性超基性岩，为超镁铁煌斑岩。该岩石系中心式超基性火山爆发—喷溢产物。其产出与南北向幔型断裂活动和地幔部分熔融岩浆贯入密切相关。根据岩石组合及产状，好梯陆相超基性火山岩可分为火山颈相、喷发相和次火山岩相。其中火山颈相和喷发相内的碎屑熔岩含有大量的二辉橄榄岩包体，并与单斜辉石和橄榄石巨晶共生。研究结果表明，巨晶系岩浆在上地幔条件下结晶的高压产物 相似文献
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吉林汪清超镁铁岩包体的岩石学特征及辉石岩成因问题的讨论 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
吉林汪清的新生代碱性玄武岩中含有丰富的超镁铁岩包体,其岩石类型,矿物成分,结构构造及成因均较复杂,是研究包体的良好地点。本文重点研究包体的岩石学特征并讨论辉石岩的成因问题。有关该区碱性玄武岩岩浆及辉石岩岩浆起源,上地幔的演化历史等问题将另文讨论。汪清位于内蒙兴安华力西地槽褶皱区的吉、黑华力西晚期褶皱带的东南边缘。新生代碱性玄武岩不整合复于白垩纪砂页岩层之上,属裂隙式喷发。据吉林区测队,玄武岩时代可能属于新第三纪。按约得和蒂里(1962)的玄武岩分类,本区玄武岩多为碧玄岩。自下而上主要 相似文献
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我国六合、张家口碱性玄武岩内橄榄岩包体中的高密度二氧化碳流体包裹体 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
碱性玄武岩,特别是时代较新的第三纪、第四纪碱性玄武岩中,常常含有以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主的超镁铁岩包体。这类超镁铁岩包体一般被认为是来自上地幔的岩石碎块。因此,对它们进行深入的研究,对于探讨下地壳-上地幔中的地质作用过程、上地幔的局部 相似文献
7.
吉林辉南大椅山玄武岩中超镁铁岩包体的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
龙岗火山群位于中朝准地台的东北缘,距离中朝准地台的北界辉龙河——古洞河断裂带大约20公里,是第四纪火山活动的产物。大椅山是该火山群的西部成员之一,它西邻柳河一样子哨地堑,由中心式火山喷出的碱性橄榄玄武岩及其火山碎屑物组成。本文试图通过大椅山基性火山岩中所含超镁铁岩包体的研究来说明本区岩石圈上地幔的特点,上地幔的演化发展及其对浅部地质作用的影响。 相似文献
8.
内蒙古阿巴嘎旗新生代玄武岩中超镁铁岩包体的特征 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
内蒙古东部阿巴嘎旗及其以北地区第四纪更新世钠质碱性火山岩中发现的超镁铁岩包体,主要为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩、纯橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、尖晶石单斜辉石岩和单斜辉石巨晶以及辉长岩、花岗闪长岩、石英长石片麻岩等壳源包体。超镁铁岩包体和巨晶的岩相学特征显示它们不是寄主玄武岩岩浆分离结晶堆积体;其主要元素、稀土元素特征与阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩相似,其组成接近于原始地幔岩值;同位素地球化学特征表明它们与寄主岩-玄武岩浆不是同源的;尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体形成的平衡温度和压力范围分别为1056.9℃～1103.1℃,压力为1.50～1.84GPa,形成相当深度为49.5～60.72km。辉石岩包体形成温度为887.1℃～958.6℃,压力为1.25～1.4GPa,形成相当深度为41.25～46.2km。寄主玄武岩形成温度1390℃～1450℃,压力1.75～2.20GPa,形成相当深度为60～70km。可以认为,研究区在新生代发生了软流圈地幔上涌,导致岩石圈减薄以及地壳的拉张,大量岩浆物质沿构造通道溢出地表。其中超镁铁岩包体与寄主玄武岩浆之间没有熔体与残余物这种成因联系,它们是寄主玄武岩浆在上升过程中捕获的岩石圈地幔碎块。 相似文献
9.
女山火山岩及其中高压巨晶形成的温压条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李有柱 《西安地质学院学报》1996,18(4):9-18
安徽女山玄武岩属于钠质系列的强碱性玄武岩，它包括碧玄岩、碱性橄榄玄武岩和霞石岩。根据玄武岩的Ｍｇ值和高Ｎｉ含量，以及其中含丰富的幔源包体，说明女山玄武岩岩浆是分异程度很低的接近原生的岩浆。 相似文献
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J. Nicholls M. Z. Stout D. W. Fiesinger 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1982,79(2):201-218
Volcanic activity has produced Late Tertiary and Quaternary cinder cones and flows between the Snake River Plain, U.S.A. and the Yukon Territory, Canada. The rock types include basanites, alkali olivine basalts, high-iron basalts, hawaiites, ankaramites, nephelinites, and olivine tholeiites. The alkali olivine basalts, basanites and hawaiites sampled are chemically similar to rocks from the mid-Atlantic islands. Associated with the volcanic rocks are xenoliths of ultramafic rocks, gabbros, granites and granulites.Seismic data indicate that the Moho throughout the region dips eastward at a very shallow angle. The low velocity zone has been located beneath southern British Columbia and displays a topographic high trending northwest-southeast. The nephelinite was erupted from near the crest of this high with less undersaturated lavas erupted from along its flanks.The suite of ultramafic xenoliths spans a greater variety of rock types than can be generated by maximum amounts of partial melting of a uniform source material to produce the lavas in the region. Calculated residual olivine compositions in equilibrium with the magmas at low velocity zone depths and liquidii temperatures are more iron-rich than the typical lherzolite xenolith olivine. This suggests that the residua from the partial melting episodes which produced the volcanic rocks are different from the upper mantle lid above the low velocity zone as represented by the ultramafic xenoliths. 相似文献
12.
将胜利油田盆地内火山岩类分为石英拉斑玄武岩、橄榄拉斑玄武岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩3类。其中,碱性橄榄玄武岩多分布于盆地边部、出现较晚并受深断裂控制,其成分中明显更富碱、富轻稀土、富大离子亲石元素而贫铬、镍等相容元素和挥发分,深度大而熔融程度不高,应源于富集地幔。二氧化碳气藏与碱性橄榄玄武岩有空间、时间和成因上的关系;二氧化碳气藏区的火山岩中含有高含量的金。二氧化碳和金是盆地和火山岩类演化一定阶段的产物,源于富集地幔的岩浆去气是其形成的主要机制。 相似文献
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Zhang Shimin Dou Suqin 《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》1997,(1)
一、引言大同第四纪火山群位于山西省大同县和阳高县境内(图1),包括近5年来在大峪口,秋林地区首次发现的6个小火山。该火山群大、小火山共计31个。大同火山群南以六棱山北麓断裂为界,分布于大同盆地东部的第四纪沉积区范围。火山群南侧的六棱山和北部的小北山是由前寒武花岗片麻岩组成的山地。 相似文献
14.
Xenolithic inclusions in calc-alkaline andesite from Mt. Moffettvolcano, Adak Island, Aleutian arc, reveal a nearly continuousrecord of crystallization of basaltic magmas in the crust, andpossibly upper mantle, of the arc. The record is more detailedand continuous than that obtained from study of calc-alkalinevolcanic rocks in the arc. Cumulate xenoliths form a progressiveseries in modal mineralogy from ultramafic, hornblende-bearingolivine clinopyroxenite to both hornblende-bearing and hornblende-freegabbros. The cumulate hornblende gabbro xenoliths are typicalof those found in island arc andesites worldwide. Xenolithicinclusions without cumulate textures, here termed compositexenoliths, are characterized by forsteritic olivine, zoned Cr-diopsideand hornblende, and are interpreted to have resulted from reactionand chilling upon magma mixing at depth. The olivine and clinopyroxene in both cumulate and compositexenoliths show the largest and the most complete variation trendsfor Ni, Cr, and FeO/MgO ratio yet reported in igneous xenolithsfrom island arc volcanic rocks. Variation of Ni in olivine indicatesthat the parent magmas for the xenoliths had minimum MgO contentsof 9 wt. per cent. Variation of Cr in clinopyroxene indicatesthat the magmas were basaltic rather than picritic, probablyin equilibrium with spinel lherzolite at near Moho depths. Successiveinjections of batches of primary melt into a magma chamber fractionatingolivine and clinopyroxene can reproduce observed compatibleelement depletion trends. A steady-state process of cotecticcrystallization in a magma chamber continually replenished withbasaltic magma is a possible mechanism for producing large accumulationsof olivine and clinopyroxene, suggesting that Alaskan-type ultramaficcomplexes are related to hydrous basaltic magmas in island arcs.This steady-state open-system crystallization process can alsoyield the abundant high-alumina basalt type in the Aleutianarc. Continued crystallization of high-alumina basalt in lowercrustal magma chambers, recorded in a mineralogically coherentseries of pyroxenite to hornblende gabbro xenoliths, can yieldbasaltic to andesitic magmas of the calc-alkaline series. No xenoliths with a sedimentary protolith have been found atMt Moffett, evidence that the arc crust is igneous in origin,with the lower crust formed of gabbro crystallized from mantle-derivedmelts. Ultramafic cumulates may reside in both the lower crustor upper mantle beneath the arc. A model is proposed wherebythe cumulate crystallization products of hydrous, mantle beneaththe arc. A model is define the upper mantle and lower crustof the arc over time.The net composition added to the crustof the arc is that of high-alumina basalt. 相似文献
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Six crystalline mixtures, picrite, olivine-rich tholeiite, nepheline basanite, alkali picrite, olivine-rich basanite, and olivine-rich alkali basalt were recrystallized at pressures to 40 kb, and the phase equilibria and sequences of phases in natural basaltic and peridotitic rocks were investigated.The picrite was recrystallized along the solidus to the assemblages (1) olivine+orthopyroxene+ clinopyroxene +plagioclase+spinel below 13 kb, (2) olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+spinel between 13 kb and 18 kb, (3) olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+ garnet+spinel between 18 kb and 26 kb, and (4) olivine+clinopyroxene+garnet above 26 kb. The solidus temperature at 1 atm is slightly below 1,100° and rises to 1,320° at 20 kb and 1,570° at 40 kb. Olivine is the primary phase crystallizing from the melt at all pressures to 40 kb.The olivine-rich tholeiite was recrystallized along the solidus into the assemblages (1) olivine+ clinopyroxene+plagioclase+spinel below 13 kb, (2) clinopyroxene+orthopyroxene+ spinel between 13 kb and 18 kb, (3) clinopyroxene+garnet+spinel above 18 kb. The solidus temperature is slightly below 1,100° at 1 atm, 1,370° at 20 kb, and 1,590° at 40 kb. The primary phase is olivine below 20 kb but is orthopyroxene at 40 kb.In the nepheline basanite, olivine is the primary phase below 14 kb, but clinopyroxene is the first phase to appear above 14 kb. In the alkali-picrite the primary phase is olivine to 40 kb. In the olivine-rich basanite, olivine is the primary phase below 35 kb and garnet is the primary phase above 35 kb. In the olivine-rich alkali basalt the primary phase is olivine below 20 kb and is garnet at 40 kb.Mineral assemblages in a granite-basalt-peridotite join are summarized according to reported experimental data on natural rocks. The solidus of mafic rock is approximately given by T=12.5 P
Kb+1,050°. With increasing pressure along the solidus, olivine disappears by reaction with plagioclase at 9 kb in mafic rocks and plagioclase disappears by reaction with olivine at 13 kb in ultramafic rocks. Plagioclase disappears at around 22 kb in mafic rocks, but it persists to higher pressure in acidic rocks. Garnet appears at somewhat above 18 kb in acidic rocks, at 17 kb in mafic rocks, and at 22 kb in ultramafic rocks.The subsolidus equilibrium curves of the reactions are extrapolated according to equilibrium curves of related reactions in simple systems. The pyroxene-hornfels and sanidinite facies is the lowest pressure mineral facies. The pyroxene-granulite facies is an intermediate low pressure mineral facies in which olivine and plagioclase are incompatible and garnet is absent in mafic rocks. The low pressure boundary is at 7.5 kb at 750° C and at 9.5 kb at 1,150° C. The high pressure boundary is 8.0 kb at 750° C and 15.0 kb at 1,150° C. The garnet-granulite facies is an intermediate high pressure facies and is characterized by coexisting garnet and plagioclase in mafic rocks. The upper boundary is at 10.3 kb at 750° C and 18.0 kb at 1,150° C. The eclogite facies is the highest pressure mineral facies, in which jadeite-rich clinopyroxene is stable.Compositions of minerals in natural rocks of the granulite facies and the eclogite facies are considered. Clinopyroxenes in the granulite-facies rocks have smaller jadeite-Tschermak's molecule ratios and higher amounts of Tschermak's molecule than clinopyroxenes in the eclogite-facies rocks. The distribution coefficients of Mg between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene are normally in the range of 0.5–0.6 in metamorphic rocks in the granulite facies. The distribution coefficients of Mg between garnet and clinopyroxene suggest increasing crystallization temperature of the rocks in the following order: eclogite in glaucophane schist, eclogite and granulite in gneissic terrain, garnet peridotite, and peridotite nodules in kimberlite.Temperatures near the bottom of the crust in orogenic zones characterized by kyanitesillimanite metamorpbism are estimated from the mineral assemblages of metamorphic rocks in Precambrian shields to be about 700° C at 7 kb and 800° C at 9 kb, although heat-flow data suggest that the bottom of Precambrian shield areas is about 400° C and the eclogite facies is stable.The composition of liquid which is in equilibrium with peridotite is estimated to be close to tholeiite basalt at the surface pressure and to be picrite at around 30 kb. The liquid composition becomes poorer in normative olivine with decreasing pressure and temperature.During crystallization at high pressure, olivine and orthopyroxene react with liquid to form clinopyroxene, and a discontinuous reaction series, olivine orthopyroxene clinopyroxene is suggested. By fractional crystallization of pyroxenes the liquid will become poorer in SiO2. Therefore, if liquid formed by partial melting of peridotite in the mantle slowly rises maintaining equilibrium with the surrounding peridotite, the liquid will become poorer in MgO by crystallization of olivine, and tholeiite basalt magma will arrive at the surface. On the other hand, if the liquid undergoes fractional crystallization in the mantle, the liquid may change in composition to alkali-basalt magma and alkali-basalt volcanism may be seen at a late stage of volcanic activity.Publication No. 681, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles. 相似文献
16.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1122-1137
We have studied melt and fluid inclusions in minerals from alkali basalts, mantle xenoliths, and dawsonite-bearing sandstones from the Shuangliao volcanic field in southern Songliao Basin, Northeast China. The inclusions have been investigated using petrographic, geochemical, and laser Raman spectroscopic techniques. Volcanic rocks of the Shuangliao field are predominantly alkali olivine basalts that contain rare mantle xenoliths. Silicate melt and fluid inclusions are common in both olivine phenocrysts and the mantle xenoliths. The fluid inclusions are mainly composed of CO2 with small amounts of CO, CH4, N2, and H2O, which is consistent with an upper mantle origin. CO2 gas reservoirs in the southern Songliao Basin are mostly derived from a mantle–magmatic source. Coeval fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures, coupled with the thermal burial history, show that the CO2 gas reservoirs in the southern Songliao Basin are Cenozoic (40–63 Ma) and coeval with the magmatism in the Shuangliao volcanic field. Despite the relatively small scale of this volcanic activity, it released large amounts of CO2. Much of the magma was not erupted, and CO2- and H2O-rich magma was probably intruded into the basin along deep faults, acting as a major source of inorganic CO2 gas in the southern Songliao Basin. 相似文献
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The Okete Volcanics form small volume monogenetic volcanoes situated around the flanks of larger tholeiitic cones of the Plio-Pleistocene Alexandra Volcanics, in the back-arc tectonic environment of western North Island, New Zealand. The lavas and tuffs of the Okete Volcanics have compositions which include basanites, alkali olivine basalts, olivine tholeiites, and hawaiites. Most rocks have Mg numbers >66, >250 p.p.m. Ni, >500 p.p.m. Cr, and often contain ultramafic xenoliths, which indicate that they are very close to being primary magmas. The Okete Volcanics show geochemical trends, from basanite to hawaiite, of progressive depletion of both compatible and incompatible trace elements, progressive increase in Al2O3, and heavy REE and Y enrichment with crossingover REE patterns in the hawaiites. These geochemical trends can be accounted for by varying degrees of partial melting of a light REE enriched garnet peridotite with subsequent modification of the melts near source or during ascent by fractional crystallization of olivine and minor clinopyroxene. Mass balance calculations cannot quantitatively constrain the degree of partial melting or fractional crystallization, but nevertheless indicate that the Okete alkali olivine basalts, olivine tholeiites, and hawaiites have been derived by successively larger degrees of partial melting relative to basanites, and have also been progressively more modified by fractional crystallization than have the basanites. Sources of the alkalic melts lay at depths corresponding to >20 kb, and most of the ultramafic xenoliths, apart from some which may be cognate cumulates, are unrelated to the magmas that brought them to the surface. Magmas have changed in composition with time from older smaller-volume volcanoes of basanite or alkali olivine basalt compositions, to younger and more voluminous volcanoes which contain hawaiites. The geochemical trends shown by the Okete Volcanics and their spatial association with voluminous tholeiitic volcanism, are features which are different from those observed elsewhere in the Pliocene to Recent basaltic fields of northern North Island, and may be related to their unique tectonic setting, situated in a distinct structural domain. 相似文献
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北部湾涠洲岛及斜阳岛火山岩微量元素和同位素地球化学及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文在北部湾内一对姊妹火山岛即涠洲岛及斜阳岛火山地质研究基础上,进一步开展火山岩微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素,以及地幔橄榄岩Re-Os同位素地球化学研究.岛上早晚两期火山岩均为碱性玄武岩,分别属于碱性橄榄玄武岩和碧玄岩.碧玄岩为玻基斑状结构,舍地幔橄榄岩碎块(一般<1cm),表明为地幔岩浆快速喷出地表冷凝而成,岩浆上升过程中极少演化.火山岩微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素资料表明,涠洲岛及斜阳岛玄武岩与雷琼及北部湾周边、南海海盆玄武岩类似,具有亏损地幔的Sr、Nd同位素组成与Pb同位素显示的EMII富集地幔特征的Dupal异常,表明岩浆并非来自单一地幔源区,不可与OIB或MORB源区简单类比,也非地幔柱成因,而是由两个不同的地球化学组分混合而成.Re-OS同位素特征也指示地幔橄榄岩捕虏体来源于亏损的岩石圈地幔,而非核幔边界.推测涠洲岛及斜阳岛与雷琼及北部湾周边的岩浆可能是由于南海扩张后大陆裂解-软流圈地幔热物质上涌,与上覆薄而年轻的岩石圈地幔相互作用的产物. 相似文献
19.
Mohamed T. S. Heikal El-Metwally M. Lebda Yuji Orihashi Abdalmenam Habtoor 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(1):69-86
The Plio-Quaternary Balhaf–Bir Ali volcanic field (BBAVF) constitutes one of the largest volcanic fields in SE Yemen, covering some 500 km2. It comprises cinder cones complexes associated with vesicular lava flows and scoria–spatter cones. In many places, ultramafic xenoliths are encountered within these volcanics. The explosive volcanism is mainly of alkaline character including alkali olivine basalt, hawaiite and mugearite together with subordinate tuffaceous trachytes. Major, trace and REEs data from the basaltic rocks of the BBAVF are interpreted in terms of a mantle-lithospheric origin in which crustal contribution during the initial stage of rift magmatism has occurred. Magma genesis may have resulted from plume-derived melt introducing into the base of the lithosphere. A mantle plume source is proposed for the Balhaf–Bir Ali basaltic lavas that are here interpreted as having been generated by partial melting of garnet lherzolite in the uppermost part of asthenosphere. The magmatic evolution of Balhaf–Bir Ali volcanic field may be accounted for by the recent models developed for plume structure. 相似文献