共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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针对三峡蓄水运行后的泥沙淤积问题,基于实测资料,采用输沙率法和断面法分析了三峡水库运行初期的泥沙淤积特点.结果表明:三峡水库2003—2013年泥沙淤积总量为15.31亿t,平均排沙比为24.5%,均较论证阶段降低;库区泥沙淤积主要分布在常年回水区的宽谷和弯道河段,宽谷段全断面发生淤积、弯道断面流速较小一侧淤积、峡谷无累积性淤积;常年库区近坝段泥沙淤积速度逐年减小,而上段泥沙淤积速度则呈增大趋势;淤积物粒径沿程分选不明显,常年回水区淤积物中值粒径多在0.01 mm以下.库区峡谷段深泓线无明显变化、尚未出现泥沙淤积三角洲、库尾泥沙淤积上延和尾水抬高不明显,据此初步推断峡谷河段存在富余挟沙力而成为局部侵蚀基准面,整个库区将无统一平衡比降的趋势. 相似文献
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建立反映河床调整幅度的体幅指标K,分析2003～2008年三峡水库下游宜昌—昌门溪河段河床调整幅度的沿程变化。研究发现该河段K与河段净冲刷强度不成正相关,而是与河道宽深比成正相关,当床沙中值粒径小于0.5 mm时,K与床沙中值粒径成负相关。初步分析认为:三峡下游粗颗粒泥沙容易达到输送饱和状态,当水流挟沙力减小时出现落淤,使得宽浅河段局部出现较大淤积,净冲刷强度较小,调整幅度较大;当床沙中值粒径小于0.5 mm时,该河段河床冲刷以悬移质输沙为主,河床组成越细,被冲刷的量越大,河床调整幅度也就越大。结合建库前后不同粒径组悬移质输沙量的沿程变化,对水库下游河床粗化方式进行了讨论。 相似文献
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水库下游河道冲淤调整是一个长期复杂的过程, 对防洪、航运、生态等均会产生一定影响。为探究长江中游沙市—汉口河段演变趋势并为不利变化的防控提供参考, 分析了三峡建库后悬移质分组冲淤时空变化规律: 建库后, 沙市—监利河段各粒径组泥沙均发生冲刷, 沙市流量为10 000~25 000 m3/s时, 0.125~0.250 mm粒径组泥沙冲刷量最大; 以0.125 mm为粗细颗粒分界粒径, 监利—螺山段呈现汛期、蓄水期"粗淤"而枯水期、消落期"冲细"现象; 螺山—汉口段各粒径组泥沙均发生冲刷, 且流量越大冲刷量越大。在此基础上, 通过建立流量—分组输沙量关系并根据水流挟沙力公式, 发现建库后沙市—监利、螺山—汉口河段冲淤受泥沙、水力因素共同作用, 其中泥沙因素对沙市—监利河段影响大于螺山—汉口河段; 监利—螺山河段"淤粗冲细"主要受含沙量恢复程度的影响, 与上游河床冲刷补给及本河段粗、细颗粒泥沙交换有关, 反映了冲刷条件下河道通过水流挟沙能力级配调整加大输沙能力。 相似文献
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在弯道水槽中展开系列试验,研究水力冲刷过程中非粘性岸坡冲刷崩塌与河床冲淤交互作用过程及其影响因素,进一步分析塌岸淤床泥沙贡献率。试验成果表明,水流冲刷过程中岸坡破坏是水流淘刷岸坡坡脚、岸坡崩塌及崩塌体淤积坡脚并在河床上输移掺混的交互作用反复循环过程。塌岸淤床模式及掺混程度与近岸流速、主流贴岸程度、水位及河床边界条件等关系密切。近岸流速越大、水位越高,岸坡总冲刷坍塌量、河床总淤积量以及河床累计淤积率也越大,稳定后的岸坡越趋平缓;河床可动程度越大,岸坡总冲刷坍塌量及其在河床上的总淤积量也越大,但河床累计淤积率却越小;水位越高,在弯道段等横向输沙强度较大的地方,岸坡冲刷崩塌体与河床发生掺混的程度也越大。 相似文献
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滩地的淤积层分布记录着以往漫滩洪水的特征,即反映漫滩洪水的量级、频率和持续时间等,同时河漫滩也是预估河流泥沙、洪水灾害防治和湿地生态系统保护等的重要组成部分。根据黄河下游水文年鉴资料,分析滩地的淤积与漫滩洪水的定量关系,为未来河流泥沙预估提供依据。经分析得到大漫滩洪水在来沙系数S/Q<0.030 kg·s/m6时,主槽冲刷而滩地淤积,反之则滩槽同淤。当S/Q<0.030 kg·s/m6时,大漫滩洪水滩地的淤积量主要与漫滩系数Qmax/Qp、上滩水量W0和含沙量S有关;大漫滩洪水的主槽冲刷量则除了与洪水期水量W和沙量Ws有关外,还与滩地的淤积量有关。一般漫滩洪水,当来沙系数S/Q<0.023 kg·s/m6时,主槽冲刷而滩地淤积,反之则滩槽同淤。一般漫滩洪水主槽冲刷量与来沙系数S/Q和洪水期水量W有关,而滩地淤积量仅与含沙量S有关。黄河下游漫滩洪水滩地的淤积和主槽的冲刷主要发生在孙口以上河段,而孙口以下河段主槽冲刷和滩地淤积量均较少。 相似文献
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通过不同时期实测地形资料,对比分析射阳港拦门沙航道一期整治工程建设后航道的回淤分布特征;利用实测水文泥沙资料和潮流数学模型计算分析射阳河口拦门沙航道开挖后的水流、含沙量特征;探讨了射阳港拦门沙航道淤积的泥沙来源和淤积成因。研究表明:航道开挖后沿程普遍淤积,尤其是口门及堤根区段航道淤积严重。导致航道淤积的主要原因为:有掩护航道内涨潮流速大、落潮流速小,口门外高含沙量水体进入航道后泥沙很难被带出航道,导致航道内普遍淤积;口门内2 km范围内回淤较大是由于越堤流输沙和口门内侧涨潮期间存在明显回流;导堤根部航道段回淤较大是由于射阳河与黄沙港河汇流后河道放宽,落潮期间出河口的水体挟沙力突然降低。 相似文献
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在前人研究成果的基础上,根据挟沙水流任一粒径组泥沙在输移过程中质量守恒原理,建立了一维非恒定挟沙水流悬移质泥沙和床沙交换基本方程;通过引入平衡冲淤物粒径的概念,建立了河床处于淤积与冲刷时冲淤物粒径的计算公式,并提出了一套完整的一维非恒定挟沙水流悬移质泥沙和床沙交换计算方法。将该成果引入黄河下游一维扩展泥沙数学模型中,采用黄河下游1977年高含沙洪水与1999年汛后至2002年汛前冲刷系列进行了验证。结果表明,该方法能较好地模拟悬沙与床沙的交换过程,克服分组挟沙力方法的缺陷,使得非均匀沙计算理论上更加完善,应用上更加方便。 相似文献
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在野外放水试验条件下,利用染色法和侵蚀针法分别观测坡面流速和侵蚀产沙空间变异性。结果表明,坡面各横向断面的流速与距坡顶距离之间呈正相关,且相关性随流量增大逐渐变得显著,纵向断面流速的变异程度明显强于横向断面。总体上,上、下坡位侵蚀程度较重,而中坡位最轻;小流量时沉积作用明显,大流量时距坡顶0~2 m范围为净侵蚀区;各坡段侵蚀量与其距坡顶距离之间呈负相关;发生泥沙沉积部位随流量增大逐渐下移,细沟侵蚀量占坡面总侵蚀量的比例随流量增大不断增加。试验条件下流速为0.30 m/s时,细沟侵蚀产沙大于细沟间侵蚀,且坡面侵蚀量迅速增大。随流量增大,流速和侵蚀产沙量呈增大趋势;但在流量较大时,坡面各坡位侵蚀量与流速呈负相关,这可能与坡面中下部位粗颗粒泥沙沉积以及含沙水流的挟沙能力基本达到饱和有关。 相似文献
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华北峡谷珍品--河北野三坡"百里峡构造-冲蚀嶂谷"的成因 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
野三坡国家地质公园位于紫荆关大断裂北端,河北涞水县境内。百里峡构造一冲蚀嶂谷由3条分裂嶂谷组成,总长达52．5h,发育在紫荆关大断裂东侧的中元古界雾迷山组燧石条带白云岩中。中一新生代4期宏大而直立的构造节理,特别是喜马拉雅期南北向追踪张节理,是嶂谷形成的先决条件;更新世阶段地壳迅速的抬升、外力的物理风化作用,特别是晚更新世间歇性山区洪水的冲蚀,是形成嶂谷的直接原因。百里峡构造一冲蚀嶂谷是喀斯特地貌中一种特殊的类型。 相似文献
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为揭示黄河口清水沟河道长时段的冲淤演变规律并建立其冲淤计算方法,分析了清水沟1976—2015年的时空冲淤演变过程,采用河床演变的滞后响应模型,考虑河口来水来沙及河道延伸与蚀退的影响,建立了清水沟累计冲淤量的计算方法。结果表明:1976—1980年改道初期清水沟改道点上游先冲后淤,改道点下游淤滩塑槽,淤积量随着下游河道展宽而增加,1980年后改道点上、下游河道冲淤过程趋于一致;受水沙条件等因素影响,1980—1986年清水沟主槽冲刷展宽,之后主槽淤积萎缩;1996年清八改汊和2002年小浪底水库"调水调沙"原型试验以来,河道转淤为冲,2002年后河道冲刷速率随时间指数衰减;河床演变的滞后响应模型可计算清水沟长时段的冲淤过程,该方法可为预测未来清水沟冲淤演变趋势提供科学参考。 相似文献
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The Yellow River in China carries large amounts of sediments in suspension at concentrations up to several hundreds of kilograms per cubic metre; the sediment is composed mainly of silt. These high sediment concentrations influence the hydrodynamics (flow velocity and turbulence) which, in turn, determine the sediment concentration profile, whereas both the high sediment concentrations and pseudo-cohesive properties of silt determine the morphodynamics of the Yellow River. The effect of sediment on the hydrodynamics is analysed using the Richardson number and the Reynolds number to provide a framework to differentiate between various flow regimes in the Yellow River, which is calibrated and validated with Yellow River data. The flow may be sub-saturated (stable flow), super-saturated (unstable flow characterized by high deposition rates, caused by collapse of turbulence), or hyperconcentrated sub-saturated (stable flow because of hindered settling effects), depending on the Richardson number. Independent of this, the flow may be turbulent, transitional or laminar, depending on the Reynolds number. Analysis of these flow types improves understanding of the flow regimes and morphodynamics of the Yellow River. The morphodynamics of the Yellow River are also affected by pseudo-cohesive behaviour caused by shear dilatance, which results in increasing critical shear stress for erosion at decreasing grain-size. This pseudo-cohesive behaviour may be partly responsible not only for the high deposition rates which characterize the lower Yellow River, but also for mass erosion during river floods. 相似文献
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Catchment-scale soil erosion and sediment yield simulation using a spatially distributed erosion model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Increasing rainfall intensity and frequency due to extreme climate change and haphazard land development are aggravating soil erosion problems in Korea. A quantitative estimate of the amount of sediment from the catchment is essential for soil and water conservation planning and management. Essential to catchment-scale soil erosion modeling is the ability to represent the fluvial transport system associated with the processes of detachment, transport, and deposition of soil particles due to rainfall and surface flow. This study applied a spatially distributed hydrologic model of rainfall–runoff–sediment yield simulation for flood events due to typhoons and then assessed the impact of topographic and climatic factors on erosion and deposition at a catchment scale. Measured versus predicted values of runoff and sediment discharge were acceptable in terms of applied model performance measures despite underestimation of simulated sediment loads near peak concentrations. Erosion occurred widely throughout the catchment, whereas deposition appeared near the channel network grid cells with a short hillslope flow path distance and gentle slope; the critical values of both topographic factors, providing only deposition, were observed at 3.5 (km) (hillslope flow path distance) and 0.2 (m/m) (local slope), respectively. In addition, spatially heterogeneous rainfall intensity, dependent on Thiessen polygons, led to spatially distinct net-erosion patterns; erosion increased gradually as rainfall amount increased, whereas deposition responded irregularly to variations in rainfall. 相似文献
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The erosion and deposition of debris flows at Jiangjia Gully in Dongchuan section of Yunnan province, southwestern China,
was surveyed at 12 cross sections from 1999 to 2003. Deposition occurred in most sections because of the low debris-flow magnitude.
The result was an increase in their elevations except for two sections at D17 and D19, where the channel was diverted in September
1999. As the annual sediment discharge of debris flow increased, the deposited volume decreased in the upper channel and increased
in the lower channel. In each debris flow event, the erosion or deposition at the upper and the lower channel were different,
but the eroded/deposited volume and the trend of erosion or deposition were similar between the neighboring sections. The
average elevation change of all cross sections between consecutive surveys can reasonably represent the debris flow influence
on the channel. Its relationship with the total sediment discharge between two surveys follows a three-stage pattern: when
debris flow magnitude is small, deposition in the channel increases with the magnitude. When the magnitude reaches a certain
level, the deposition begins to decrease and eventually erosion takes place. In three typical cross sections which had similar
channel width, the debris flow showed a clear trend that the deposited volume decreased, while the eroded volume increased
as the discharge of debris flow sediments increased. 相似文献
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三峡库区絮凝现象是细颗粒泥沙淤积的重要原因,泥沙絮凝临界条件对三峡库区泥沙淤积规律和模拟具有重要意义。在三峡库区忠县和奉节河段开展泥沙絮凝的现场测量,基于声学多普勒流速仪（Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter,ADV）和泥沙采样测得同步的瞬时流速和含沙量,通过泥沙扩散理论反算现场泥沙沉速及絮团粒径,得到了三峡库区泥沙絮凝度及其与粒径、流速和含沙量的关系。结果表明:库区细颗粒泥沙发生絮凝,且多为中轻度絮凝,重度絮凝较少;库区泥沙絮凝的临界粒径约为0.018 mm,临界流速约为0.7 m/s,临界含沙量约为0.8 kg/m3。研究结果可为三峡库区泥沙的运动规律以及泥沙淤积模拟等提供一定的理论支撑。 相似文献
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采用实测资料分析和理论探讨的方法,研究了黄河口海岸造陆与水沙过程变异的关系.研究结果表明:黄河口陆域来水来沙是海岸造陆的基础,来水来沙越大,造陆面积越大,水沙过程变异后,由于水沙的急剧减少,黄河口海岸造陆速度减缓,典型岸段严重蚀退造陆面积也大幅减小;尾闾河道萎缩对海岸造陆影响较大,萎缩越严重,越不利于海岸的造陆发育.运用多元回归分析建立了黄河口海岸造陆水沙临界综合关系式,可供科学调控来水来沙实施黄河口海岸防护过程中参考. 相似文献