共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
帷幕体的修建是为了对坝基进行加固和防渗,但在蓄水条件下,坝基帷幕体遭受长期的高压渗流、溶蚀等作用,坝基帷幕防渗作用衰减以致失效,从而引起坝基渗流量增加和扬压力增高。依据地球化学热力学的基本理论,通过分析坝基地下水微观动态,定量化解析幕后地下水溶液与某种矿物之间的反应状态,采用了基于化学热力学模型的FORTRAN程序,从一个侧面来反映坝基帷幕体防渗效果及其耐久性。结合某工程实例,建立2001－2010年的时间序列模型,计算出的方解石饱和指数由2.03变为0.26,揭示出某坝10坝段处坝基帷幕体的防渗性能及其耐久性发生了衰减,且具有阶段性变化的特点,2001－2004年间与2006－2008年间坝基地下水的微观动态处于相对稳定的时期（缓变）;2005年间与2009－2010年间处于突变时期（陡变）。揭示出该坝段坝基帷幕体的防渗性能出现了局部的衰减,其结果与地下水宏观动态反映出的规律较一致,证明该方法在一个侧面能够反映出帷幕体的防渗性能和耐久性的变化特征。 相似文献
2.
在证明了采用误差均方差最小意义下,多传感器数据融合的效果优于利用任一单个传感器进行估计的效果,采用决策级融合方法,将其应用于某坝9坝段地下水宏观动态分析。经分析知：该坝段在2003～2004年为地下水宏观动态的相对突变时期,自2004年以后,坝基地下水宏观动态与库水之间的相关程度又趋于相对的稳定时期,表明该坝段坝基帷幕体的防渗性能至少出现了局部的衰减、且具有阶段性变化的特点;就分析时段而言,2003～2004年间为帷幕体防渗性能明显衰减时期,而2004年以后为其相对稳定时期。 相似文献
3.
陈村水电站坝基丙凝加强帷幕的防渗时效分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
丙凝是一种曾流行过的化灌材料，形成帷幕体的防渗时效如何过去还很少有报道和研究。本文以陈村水电站为例，根据多年的观测资料、现场调查及室内测试等成果，经过综合分析，指出第７－１７坝段丙凝加强帷幕的总体防渗减压效果是显著的且较稳定的。但局部的防渗效果是在衰减。今后，对这种异常部位应加强观测，以确保大坝的安全运行。 相似文献
4.
碳酸盐岩区大型水库蓄水后地下水渗流场特征及岩溶演化趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳酸盐岩区大型水库蓄水引起的地下水渗流场及岩溶环境变化的研究,既是一个工程实际问题,同时也是岩溶环境学的理论问题．以高坝洲和隔河岩水库为例,运用数值模拟方法模拟了水库蓄水前后地下水渗流场的平面和剖面流网特征以及地下水渗透流速的空间变化规律．在此基础上,应用扩散边界层（ Ｄ Ｂ Ｌ） 理论模型分析了研究区不同部位的岩溶环境演化趋势．结果表明,由于库水位的大幅度抬升和防渗帷幕的实施,使得研究区防渗帷幕上游岩溶作用的强度减弱;而防渗帷幕下游岩溶作用的强度加强,并发生方解石的沉积作用．这一现象在隔河岩水库蓄水后已经被验证 相似文献
5.
坝基帷幕体的防渗性能及其时效可由传感器采集到的地下水宏观动态反映出来,而在异类多个传感器数据融合的过程中,常常出现各个评价指标不一致的现象。为消除这种现象,采用Bayes融合方法,首先验证各个传感器的可靠程度,确立正确的关系矩阵,然后将各传感器的可靠程度模糊化,进而给出各传感器的综合支持程度指标,最后给出融合结果。将其应用于某坝13坝段帷幕体防渗效果分析,结果较为符合规律。经分析知,2003－2008年间帷幕体防渗效果呈现了阶段性衰减,其中2005年和2008年为该坝段帷幕体防渗性能的相对明显衰减时期。建议加强监测,为必要时采取工程措施提供依据。 相似文献
6.
7.
精细化衡量地下水对外界因素的响应规律对分析滑坡稳定性具有重要意义。考虑库岸边坡的稳定性同时受库水位和降雨作用影响,提出了一种基于数据挖掘的滑坡地下水响应特征的研究方法。以三峡库区麻地湾滑坡为例,首先通过特征时段分析和Granger检验确定地下水响应滞后期,然后基于响应滞后期确定地下水水位的影响因素,结合Apriori数据挖掘算法揭示了麻地湾滑坡地下水的响应特征。研究结果表明:滑坡前缘地下水变化与库水位波动相关性较大,滑坡中后缘地下水变化与降雨相关性较大; 麻地湾滑坡地下水对于降雨和库水位的最佳响应滞后期为1 d;滑坡后缘的地下水水位对降雨响应较为强烈,而前缘的地下水水位对库水位响应更为强烈。 相似文献
8.
库水和降雨直接导致水库滑坡地下水变动,是诱发滑坡的主要因素。已有研究大多是基于监测数据探讨库水与降雨对滑坡变形的影响,未能揭示水库滑坡地下水响应规律,地下水浸润线计算模型没有同时考虑降雨和库水的影响,且模型边界条件与水库滑坡实际情况差别较大。为了揭示大型水库滑坡地下水动态响应规律,需要构建更接近实际情况的地下水位浸润线计算模型。通过三峡水库石榴树包滑坡地下水动态监测,揭示了库水水位变化和降雨条件下滑坡地下水水位动态响应规律,其地下水渗流场近似层流,滑坡前缘和中部的地下水水位与库水位几乎同步,滑坡后部的地下水水位主要受降雨影响,日降雨30 mm会引发地下水水位明显变动。在周期性库水位变化和随机降雨耦合条件下,建立了滑坡地下水非稳定渗流微分方程,解算出水库滑坡地下水位浸润线计算模型,并采用实际监测结果进行了验证。应用计算模型分析了不同工况条件下的滑坡渗流场,并得出滑坡内距前缘水平距离145 m内,库水对地下水有影响;引发地下水变动的降雨和库水位变化阈值分别为0.03,0.1 m/d,且不同的条件组合下降雨和库水位对地下水水位影响存在一定差异。 相似文献
9.
《地下水》2015,(6)
绕坝渗流除了影响山体本身的安全外,同时会抬高岸坡部分坝体的浸润面,在坝体和岸坡的接触面上可能产生接触冲刷等不利影响。实际工程大多采用混凝土防渗墙防渗形式,以期增大绕坝渗流渗径来削减绕坝渗流量并减小砂层渗透坡降。本研究以现有76眼民井为基础,分析西霞院水库蓄水前、后近坝区地下水动态变化及续建防渗墙对近坝区地下水影响。结果表明,近坝区地下水位变化与水库水位变化关系密切,水库蓄水对近坝区产生了明显的影响,使地下水位抬升明显、地下水渗流场发生改变。防渗墙续建前后,左岸下游地下水位与库水位响应关系已不明显,渗流方向有所改变,渗流强度明显减小,左岸防渗墙防渗作用明显;右岸渗流方向基本没变,渗流强度有所减小,下游地下水位与库水位仍存在一定的相关关系,右岸防渗墙上下游测井水位差没有左岸明显,说明右岸防渗墙也已经发挥防渗作用,但不如左岸明显。 相似文献
10.
11.
Nathaniel A. Barnes Alan E. Kehew R. V. Krishnamurthy Carla M. Koretsky 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(5):1027-1038
High iron concentrations create water quality problems for municipal use in glacial drift aquifer units. The chemical evolution
of oxic groundwater in shallow aquifer units to anoxic groundwater in deeper aquifer units, in which soluble Fe(II) is stable,
is attributed to coupled reduction of Fe(III) on aquifer solids with oxidation of organic carbon. The objective of this study
was to characterize the distribution of organic carbon in aquifer and aquitard sediments to determine the availability of
potential electron donors to drive these reactions. To do this, four complete rotasonic cores in a glacial aquifer/aquitard
system were sampled at close intervals for analyses of grain-size distribution and organic carbon content. The results indicate
significantly higher organic carbon concentrations in diamicton (till) units that function as aquitards, relative to coarse-grained
aquifer units. In addition, readily reducible iron content in the diamicton units and lower aquifer unit materials is sufficient
to produce far more dissolved iron than is present in the aquifer. Groundwater evolves to the level of iron reduction as a
terminal electron-accepting process as it moves downward through aquitard units along flow paths from upland recharge areas
to downgradient discharge areas. Deeper aquifer units are therefore unlikely to contain groundwater with low iron concentration. 相似文献
12.
重点分析了研究区潜水、浅层承压水、泉水及地表水δD、δ18O的分布特征,并对5组水文钻探井地下水样品进行分析.潜水δD变化范围为-97.32‰~-67.51‰,平均值为-80.34‰;δ18O为-15.85‰~-10.66‰,平均值为-12.08‰.浅层承压水δD为-111.93‰~-68.38‰,平均值为-84.79‰;δ18O为-16.01‰~-10.52‰,平均值为-12.30‰.泉水δD为-102.06‰~-71.63‰,平均值为-84.10‰;δ18O为-14.21‰~-9.70‰,平均值为-12.24‰.地表水δD为-90.53‰~-60.99‰,平均值为-72.58‰;δ18O在-13.20‰~-9.54‰,平均值为-11.21‰.地下水δ13C为-9.4‰~-5.6‰,平均值为-8.3‰,极差为3.8‰.结果表明:地下水与地表水均起源于当地大气降水.潜水与浅层承压水水力联系较强,潜水与浅层承压水属于同一含水系统.与浅层承压水相比,深层承压水年龄较大,在20 ka左右,属于沉积埋藏水.深层承压水与浅层承压水的水力联系较弱.潜水与浅层承压水的δ13C值较为接近,且接近大气CO2的δ13C值-7‰.研究区地下水中碳的主要来源为大气CO2. 相似文献
13.
川滇高原斜坡地带峡谷区岩溶水化学特征及演化规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
岩溶地下水不仅作为重要的生活和生产用水水源,而且作为一种重要的地质营力,对于岩溶演化史具有重要影响,对其进行水化学特征分析及演化规律研究,能够为岩溶水资源及岩溶生态环境保护提供科学依据。以川滇高原斜坡地带峡谷区岩溶地下水为研究对象,结合研究区水文地质条件,对比分析了龙爪坝河岩溶水系统和洛泽河岩溶水系统内地下水化学特征。通过常规地下水化学组分、氢氧同位素分析和水文地球化学反向模拟,识别了地下水化学类型,确定了岩溶水的主要离子来源和补给特征,判别了发生的水岩相互作用过程。研究表明：岩溶地下水以大气降水为补给来源,离子源于岩石风化作用,物质来源为灰岩、白云岩夹灰岩,水岩相互作用均受方解石、白云石和石膏沉淀及溶解作用控制,且龙爪坝河岩溶水系统内矿物饱和指数趋近饱和,岩溶发育趋于停滞,而洛泽河岩溶水系统内矿物饱和指数处于不饱和或饱和的波动态,岩溶仍然发育。 相似文献
14.
Hydrochemistry and Classification of Groundwater Resources of Ishwardi Municipal Area,Pabna District,Bangladesh 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Golzar Hossain M. Farhad Howladar Lutfun Nessa Syed Samsuddin Ahmed Chowdhury Quamruzzaman 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2010,28(5):671-679
The chemical property of groundwater depends largely on the mineralogical composition of the rocks through which the water
has moved and the rate of movement and these characteristics of surface water depend on organic and inorganic reactions, industrial
effluents, rainfall and temperature etc. The underground water tends to contain more dissolved materials than those in surface
water because of their more intimate and longer contact with organic materials of soil and rock particles. The groundwater
of the studied area is dominant of alkaline earth’s (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and weak acids (HCO3
−) which may be classified as Magnesium-Bicarbonate and Calcium Carbonate types. Genetically, the groundwater of the area belongs
to both “Normal Chloride” “Normal Sulphate” and “Normal Carbonate” to “Super Carbonate” group. Based on EC, SAR and RC, the
groundwater of the area varies from good–excellent quality for irrigation purposes with low alkali hazard and medium salinity
hazard. 相似文献
15.
水体中溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter, DOM)是含水层中砷释放的主控因素之一.江汉平原河湖众多、沟渠广布,地表水体与浅层地下水的交互作用使得DOM的组分特征及其强度有显著差异.为查明江汉平原地下水中溶解性有机质在砷迁移转化过程中的作用,对江汉平原地表水和浅层地下水进行三维荧光光谱分析,使用平行因子分析法提取水体中有机质的分子组成、功能特点和荧光特征,并分析各组分相对含量与地下水中砷与铁的关联.江汉平原水体中DOM包括3种主要组分,组分C1、C2为类腐殖质,C2是生物降解过程中产生的小分子,C3为类蛋白物质.地下水DOM以类腐殖质组分C1、C2为主,地表水以类蛋白类物质C3和小分子腐殖质C2为主.高砷地下水中DOM以陆源为主,主要通过两种途径促进As的迁移转化:(1) DOM的腐殖质组分充当微生物群落的电子运输工具,促进微生物作用下的有机质氧化和铁氧化物的还原,并伴随As的释放及大量溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)和HCO3-的产生;(2) As以铁等金属阳离子为桥接物与腐殖质结合,通过形成As-Fe-DOM络合物,导致地下水中砷的迁移. 相似文献
16.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(1):101476
Groundwater resources in the North China Plain (NCP) are undergoing tremendous changes in response to the operation of groundwater exploitation reduction (GWER) project. To identify groundwater evolution in this complex context, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were combined to interpret an integrated dataset of stable isotopes and chemical data from four sampling campaigns in a pilot area of groundwater control. We proposed a novel HCA approach integrating stable isotopes and chemical signals, which successfully partitioned the groundwater samples into the unconfined and the confined water samples. Stable isotopic evidence showed that the lateral inflow and the surface water may contribute more to groundwater recharge in this region than local modern precipitation. The unconfined water’s main hydrochemical types were Na type with mixed anions, and Na–Cl–SO4 type, while the confined water was mainly Na–Cl and Na–SO4 types. Geochemical processes mainly involved the dissolution/precipitation of halite, gypsum, Glauber's salt, feldspar, calcite and dolomite, as well as the cation exchange. PCA results showed that water–rock interaction (i.e., salinity-based and alkalinity-based processes) predominated the hydrochemical evolution, along with local nitrate contamination resulting from fertilizers and domestic sewage. The GWER project regulated the natural evolution of unconfined water chemistry, and significantly reduced the unconfined water’s salinity (mainly Na+, Mg2+, SO42?). This may be attributed to upward leakage from low-salinity confined water at some parts of the aquifer. Additionally, insignificant changes in the confined water’s salinity reflected that the impact of GWER on the confined aquifer was negligible. This study facilitates the groundwater classification effectively in the areas lack of geological data, and enhances the knowledge of groundwater chemical evolution in such a region where groundwater restoration is in progress, with important implications for groundwater sustainable management in similar basins worldwide. 相似文献
17.
Characterizing the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the karst aquifer of Fangshan,Beijing (China) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Correct understanding of groundwater/surface-water (GW–SW) interaction in karst systems is of greatest importance for managing the water resources. A typical karst region, Fangshan in northern China, was selected as a case study. Groundwater levels and hydrochemistry analyses, together with isotope data based on hydrogeological field investigations, were used to assess the GW–SW interaction. Chemistry data reveal that water type and the concentration of cations in the groundwater are consistent with those of the surface water. Stable isotope ratios of all samples are close to the local meteoric water line, and the 3H concentrations of surface water and groundwater samples are close to that of rainfall, so isotopes also confirm that karst groundwater is recharged by rainfall. Cross-correlation analysis reveals that rainfall leads to a rise in groundwater level with a lag time of 2 months and groundwater exploitation leads to a fall within 1 month. Spectral analysis also reveals that groundwater level, groundwater exploitation and rainfall have significantly similar response periods, indicating their possible inter-relationship. Furthermore, a multiple nonlinear regression model indicates that groundwater level can be negatively correlated with groundwater exploitation, and positively correlated with rainfall. The overall results revealed that groundwater level has a close correlation with groundwater exploitation and rainfall, and they are indicative of a close hydraulic connection and interaction between surface water and groundwater in this karst system. 相似文献
18.
Seawater has entered and concentrated in the Saloum hydrologic system up to 100 km upstream, contaminating both the surface water and the superficial 'Continental terminal' (CT) groundwater resources, and large proportions of cultivated lands. In the areas affected by saltwater contamination, chloride concentrations as high as 3,195 mg/l have been measured in the groundwater samples collected from wells located in the vicinity of the Saloum River, making the water inadequate for drinking water purposes. This paper presents the results of a study designed to characterise the current extent of the saline groundwater and the mechanism of saline surface water body/fresh groundwater mixing in relation to the groundwater flow trends. It also describes the groundwater chemical and isotopic composition and geochemical processes controlling the chemical patterns. Four major water types occur in the study area, namely Na-rich saline groundwater, Ca-Na-rich saline groundwater, Na-dominant fresh groundwater and Ca-dominant fresh groundwater. A hydrogeochemical zonation of the aquifer, based on the presence of different water families and on the groundwater flow, led to the identification of the main processes controlling the groundwater chemistry. Cation exchange reactions on the kaolinite clay mineral, calcite dissolution in the eastern zone where calcite minerals have been identified, reverse cation exchange reactions in the saline-contaminated band along the Saloum River and, to a lesser extent, a gypsum dissolution are the predominant processes. Results of i18O and iD analysis in 15 groundwater samples compared with the local meteoric line indicate that the groundwater has been affected by evaporation, and the groundwater is isotopically lighter as the depth of water table increases. In this study, i18O data were used in conjunction with chloride data to identify the source of high chloride. Results show a departure of the contaminated water samples from the seawater mixing line, which indicates that other processes rather than mixing between modern seawater and native groundwater alone increase the chloride concentrations. 相似文献
19.
地下水系统中有机物（OM）特征和活性对于地下水化学特征的形成和演化起着十分重要的作用。将内蒙古河套盆地表层湖相沉积物按10 cm间隔采集,并对沉积有机质的性质及来源进行重点分析。测量了不同深度上不同岩性沉积物的色度、水溶性有机物（WEOM）和盐溶性有机物（SEOM）含量及其光谱学特性。结果显示,沉积物的色度（R530-520）与TOC含量呈现相反的变化趋势:色度值较大时,TOC含量反而较小。相对于细砂层,黏土层的色度值较低,但TOC含量较高。相同的沉积物中,SEOM含量高于WEOM,但WEOM更易迁移至地下水中。有机物的光谱指数表明,WEOM以微生物来源为主,而SEOM以陆源为主。通过三维荧光光谱分析发现,荧光强度和沉积物有机碳（SOC）含量呈正相关;黏土层沉积有机物荧光强度更高;WEOM和SEOM均含类腐殖质成分和类蛋白成分,但SEOM中腐殖质成分较高;类腐殖质是所研究的沉积物中OM最主要的存在形式。 相似文献