共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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将对流-扩散试验装置置于土工离心机中,以50g离心加速度运行12 h,研究了黏土-膨润土混合土样中Cl-的迁移扩散,使用解析解对试验结果进行拟合确定相关参数,分析了试验的相似条件,使用商用软件对离心试验原型进行模拟,与试验结果进行比较,探讨了离心机用于溶质迁移分析的比尺效应,最后通过数值分析研究了试验的黏土-膨润土屏障用于老垃圾填埋场防渗帷幕补强的效果。结果表明,土工离心机试验中,按实际出流量计算的实际孔隙水流速小于临界流速,两试样中的佩克莱数（Pe数）小于临界Pe数,机械弥散的作用可以忽略,试验满足扩散的相似定律;离心机试验所模拟的2.5 m厚衬垫原型,在水头5 m和10 m作用下3.42 a后均未被击穿;常重力下试验土样的渗透系数为8.5×10-8 cm/s,有效扩散系数为7.82×10-7 cm2/s,对试验原型进行的数值模拟表明,n倍重力加速度下,土工离心机可以 尺寸的试样实现对原型的模拟,同时将对流和扩散作用下的溶质迁移时间缩短至原型的 ;试验的黏土-膨润土屏障用于老垃圾填埋场防渗补强,可显著减缓溶质迁移,防渗补强后可满足渗滤液迁移扩散的控制要求。 相似文献
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冻土离心模型试验相似准则分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在研究土壤冻融问题时,土工离心模型试验在时间效应和应力全等型模拟方面更具优势。然而,目前关于冻土离心模型试验的研究成果较少,其中的相似准则也不够完善。针对这一现状,在充分考虑土体的水-热-力耦合作用过程的基础上,采用Butterfield量纲分析法确定了控制饱和土冻融变形性状的无量纲项,建立了冻土离心模型试验中孔隙压力、热扩散、未冻水迁移、融土固结以及冻融变形的相似准则。分析结果表明,冻土离心模型试验中未冻水迁移、融土固结及热扩散效应的非稳态时间具有统一的比尺,即离心模型是原型的1/N2倍,而未冻水迁移流速的比尺为离心模型是原型的N倍。此外,利用冻土离心模拟装置完成了一则对渠道基土冻融作用的离心模拟。 相似文献
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离心模拟技术中运动学的物理意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究离心模拟中的运动学,有助于提高对离心模型试验结果的认识。笔者推导了描述离心模型中任一质点运动的整体速度和加速度的数学表达式。按照牛顿第二定律,在离心模拟中的加速度是连接运动学与动力学的重要因素。笔者描述了整体加速度表达式中各项的物理意义,指出了离心机稳定运转时的向心加速度、由角加速度效应引起的切向加速度、互补(复合向心)加速度分量、径向(原型的竖向)、环向和轴向(原型的两个水平方向)振动效应以及离心机臂伸长效应对整体加速度的贡献。分析结果表明,对于单向振动的动力离心模拟试验,选轴向(平行于转轴)为振动方向便于理解试验结果。另外,仔细检查了Schofield[1]对离心模拟中运动学的描述并发现其混淆之处。 相似文献
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采用大型土工离心机对某工程近海软土地基上堤坝施工期及运行期进行了模拟。试验中采用停机加载法模拟分级施工加载过程, 原型中采用塑料排水板固结法处理软土地基, 模型中则根据固结过程相似的原理, 换算成等效圆截面排水体, 在模型制作中采用等效透水滤芯进行模拟。根据激光位移传感器和孔隙水压力传感器数据可以得出相应原型软土地基的沉降特性和孔隙水压力变化情况。根据试验得到的沉降曲线, 采用"经验双曲线法"推算出了地基最终沉降, 然后得出按沉降推算的分层地基平均固结度随时间的变化。对比试验模拟得到的软土地基固结度和理论计算结果, 二者基本接近, 表明塑料排水板模拟方法用于离心模型试验是可行的。 相似文献
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在土木工程、地质工程等领域,为了在实验室内分析现场岩土体或结构物的原型工况,常采用土工离心机开展缩尺模拟试验研究。近年来,随着液压、电控、微型传感器及观测技术等多种科学技术的飞速发展,土工离心模型试验已从定性分析向定量分析过渡,可为滑坡灾害、地下结构开挖与稳定、地基失效、场地液化、桩基破坏等复杂工程难题的解决提供有效的技术途径,并取得了大量的研究成果。以臂式土工离心机为主要探究对象,通过对土工离心机的原理、发展概况、结构组成、现存主要问题等进行系统总结与梳理,对离心机的设计提出改良方案,结合目前土工离心机的发展进程和应用领域,展望了该技术今后的研究和应用方向。 相似文献
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非水相污染物在包气带中的迁移是一个复杂的物理、化学及生物过程 ,离心模型是解决该问题的有效途径之一。采用理论分析和数值分析的方法 ,对两种湿润历史条件下 ,二相与三相体系中 ,毛细上升高度、达到毛细平衡所需要的时间以及迁移距离等与离心加速度之间的关系进行了研究 ,提出了存在于包气带非水相污染物迁移离心模型研究中的相似比例关系 相似文献
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P. R. Kumar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(5):581-590
This paper presents the results of a research program conducted on the geotechnical centrifuge to investigate contaminant
transport mechanism through the soil mass. The mechanism that governs contaminant transport through soil mass is discussed,
the principles of geotechnical centrifuge modelling are outlined, and relevant scaling laws that govern the relationship between
a centrifuge model and the prototype, with respect to the problem of contaminant transport, are presented. Modelling of models
has been established to validate the experimental results. It has been concluded that the geotechnical centrifuge can be used
as an experimental tool to simulate field scale problems. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionIncorporation of potentially toxic metals ( e.g.Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, As, Se, Zn, Ni) into soils ei-ther through sewage-sludge irrigation or some othersources of pollution (e.g. atmospheric deposition, ap-plication of agri-chemicals) has posed… 相似文献
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Horace Moo-Young Tommy Myers Barbara Tardy Richard Ledbetter Wipawi Vanadit-Ellis Tae-Hyung Kim 《Engineering Geology》2003,70(3-4):249-258
Marine sediment capping is a technique where clean sand or sediment is placed over contaminated sediment to reduce the migration of contaminants to the environment. Environmental regulations have limited the use of in situ sediment capping due to concerns about the contaminant migration through the cap. A series of centrifuge tests were conducted to simulate the effects of consolidation settlement of capped marine sediment. This study describes the testing and monitoring of the centrifuge tests. The results from the centrifuge tests are interpreted and compared to predictions made by the PSDDF computer program, which can qualitatively estimate the consolidation settlement of capped marine sediment.
Centrifuge tests were utilized to predict the consolidation of marine sediment caused by the placement of a capping layer. The centrifuge tests used the modeling of models technique to verify that correct modeling procedures were utilized. In this study, the maximum deviation between the centrifuge test results and PSDDF prediction was 20%. Thus, designers should utilize PSDDF consolidation settlement results with caution. Dye tracer studies showed the importance of consolidation-induced advective transport of contaminants. Thus, the capping layer must be appropriately designed to reduce the effects of consolidation-induced advective transport. This may be accomplished by adding a reactive barrier or geosynthetic barrier layer to the cap design. 相似文献
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Using TDR and modeling tools to investigate effects of interactive factors on preferential flow and transport in field sandy clay soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hasan Merdun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1821-1838
Investigation of the extent of preferential flow and transport affected by several factors and their interactions in the vadose zone using the advanced measurement and modeling techniques is crucial for protection of groundwater from agricultural chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides. The objectives of this study were to investigate the interactive effects of factors like soil structure, initial soil water content (SWC), and application rate on preferential flow and transport using the time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements of SWC and electrical conductivity (EC) in the plots of 12 treatments in a sandy clay field soil, applying the models (HYDRUS-1D and MACRO) to the measured data, performing Tukey test statistical analysis, and relating model parameters to basic soil properties, consequently, flow and transport characteristics. Analysis of response times and the changes in SWC and EC with time during the experiments in the profiles of the treatments confirmed the existence of preferential flow and transport at the site. As long as the other factors or conditions were constant; undisturbed versus disturbed soil, wet versus dry initial SWC, and high versus low application rate caused preferential flow and transport in the soil based on the TDR measurements. Overall HYDRUS-1D had better performance than MACRO in the simulations of the measured data. These results suggest that different scales of these factors in different field soils need to be further studied for better understanding the flow and transport processes in the vadose zone. 相似文献
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P. Seferou P. Soupios N. N. Kourgialas Z. Dokou G. P. Karatzas E. Candasayar N. Papadopoulos V. Dimitriou A. Sarris M. Sauter 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(6):1219-1234
An integrated approach for monitoring the vertical transport of a solute into the subsurface by using a geophysical method and a simulation model is proposed and evaluated. A medium-scale (1 m3) laboratory tank experiment was constructed to represent a real subsurface system, where an olive-oil mill wastewater (OOMW) spill might occur. High-resolution cross-hole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was performed to monitor the OOMW transport. Time-lapse ERT images defined the spatial geometry of the interface between the contaminated and uncontaminated soil into the unsaturated and saturated zones. Knowing the subsurface characteristics, the finite element flow and transport model FEFLOW was used for simulating the contaminant movement, utilizing the ERT results as a surrogate for concentration measurements for the calibration process. A statistical analysis of the ERT measurements and the corresponding transport model results for various time steps showed a good agreement between them. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the most important parameters of the simulation model (unsaturated flow, saturated flow and transport) was performed. This laboratory-scale study emphasizes that the combined use of geophysical and transport-modeling approaches can be useful for small-scale field applications where contaminant concentration measurements are scarce, provided that its transferability from laboratory to field conditions is investigated thoroughly. 相似文献
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A local-scale model for temperature-dependence of water-retention curves may be applicable to large scales. Consideration of this temperature dependence is important for modeling unsaturated flow and transport in the subsurface in numerous cases. Although significant progress has been made in understanding and modeling this temperature effect, almost all the previous studies have been limited to small scales (on the order of several centimeters). Numerical experiments were used to investigate the possibility of extending a local-scale model for the temperature-dependence of water retention curves to large scales (on the order of meters). Temperature effects on large-scale hydraulic properties are of interest in many practical applications. Numerical experiment results indicate that the local-scale model can indeed be applicable to large-scale problems for special porous media with high air entry values. A typical porous medium of this kind is the porous tuff matrix in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed geologic disposal site for national high-level nuclear wastes. Whether this finding can approximately hold for general cases needs to be investigated in future studies. 相似文献
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多孔介质中毛细压力、饱和度和相对渗透率的确定方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目前石油溢出或者地下储油罐泄漏等原因引起的土壤和地下水非水相流体（NAPLs）污染问题越来越引起人们的关注，由NAPLs、水和气所组成的两相或三相系统中的多相流问题亦是当前的研究热点。其中毛细压力（h），饱和度（S）和相对渗透率（k）是多孔介质多相流研究中的三个重要参数，在多相流室内试验研究中是主要的物理监测量，而且三者之间基本关系式的确定是多相流模拟时进行流动控制方程求解的前提条件。本文从室内试验和模型关系两个方面综述了土壤中NAPLs、水和气所组成的多相流系统中毛细压力、饱和度和相对渗透率以及它们之间相关关系的确定方法。 相似文献