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1.
Tourmaline occurs as a minor but important mineral in the alteration zc,ne of the Archean orogenic gold deposit of Guddadarangavanahalli （G.R.Halli） in the Chitradurga greenst~ne belt of the western Dharwar craton, southern India. It occurs in the distal alteration halo of the G.R.Halli golcl deposit as （a） clusters of very fine grained aggregates which form a minor constituent in the natrix of the altered metabasalt （AMB tourmaline） and （b） in quartz-carbonate veins （vein tourmaline）. ~[＇he vein tourmaline, based upon the association of specific carbonate minerals, is further grouped as （i） albite-tourmaline-ankerite-quartz veins （vein-1 tourmaline） and （ii） albite-tourmaline-calcite-quartz veins （vein-2 tourmaline）. Both the AMB tourmaline and the vein tourmalines （vein-I and vein-2） belong to the alkali group and are clas- sified under schorl-dravite series. Tourmalines occurring in the veins are zoned while the AMB tour- malines are unzoned. Mineral chemistry and discrimination diagrams 1eveal that cores and rims of the vein tourmalines are distinctly different. Core composition of the ve：n tourmalines is similar to the composition of the AMB tourmaline. The formation of the AMB tourmaline and cores of the vein tour- malines are proposed to be related to the regional D1 deformational event associated with the emplacement of the adjoining ca. 2.61 Ga Chitradurga granite whilst rims of the vein tourmalines vis-a- vis gold mineralization is spatially linked to the juvenile magmatic accretion （2.56-2.50 Ga） east of the studied area in the western part of the eastern Dharwar craton. 相似文献
2.
Chemical composition of tourmaline from the Yunlong tin deposit, Yunnan, China: implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary ?The Yunlong tin deposit is located in the northern part of the Lancangjiang metamorphic zone of the Sanjiang Tethys orogen
series in western Yunan province of China. It consists of vein-type cassiterite ores, which are mainly hosted in migmatites
of Caledonian age. Abundant tourmaline is associated with the ores, quartz–tourmaline veins and barren migmatized gneiss and
migmatites. A detailed electron microprobe study has been carried out to document the chemical compositions of tourmaline
from this deposit. The results exhibit a systematic compositional change that might be used as tracer for ore genesis and
in prospecting for tin mineralization. Tourmalines from the ore bodies are dravite with Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios of 0.09 ∼ 0.31
and Ca/(Ca + Na) ratios of 0.03 ∼ 0.40. These tourmalines are also rich in chromium (up to 0.74 wt% Cr2O3) and tin (up to 0.42 wt% Sn). In contrast, tourmalines from the barren migmatites are mostly schorl with Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios
of 0.38 ∼ 0.94 and Ca/(Ca + Na) ratios of 0.00 ∼ 0.14. Tourmalines from quartz–tourmaline veins that occur between ore bodies
and the migmatites show intermediate compositions, i.e., Fe/(Fe + Mg) = 0.09 ∼ 0.59, Ca/(Ca + Na) = 0.01 ∼ 0.22.
It is suggested that the Mg-rich nature of the tourmaline can be used as an exploration tool in this region to target tin
mineralization, because the tourmalines show increasing Mg contents and are more dravitic when approaching the ore bodies.
It is likely that the formation of the Yunlong tin deposit was related to migmatitic-hydrothermal processes. The high Mg and
Cr contents in tourmalines from the ore bodies were probably derived from the local meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic rocks
of the Precambian Chongshan Group rather than from the granites in the region.
Received December 28, 2000; revised version accepted January 25, 2002 相似文献
3.
辽宁东部古元古界底部地层(南辽河群)中赋存着大型的硼酸盐矿床，含矿层位中广泛分布含电气石的变粒岩和电英岩。空间上这些含电气石的岩石与硼酸盐有着密切的联系，电气石可以作为区域硼矿找矿的标志。已有研究结果表明，该地区的硼酸盐矿床是变质蒸发岩成因。本研究对该区不同产状的电气石和硼酸盐的地质特征，全岩和矿物成分、硼同位素组成进行了分析。本区的电气石包括层状和脉状两大类，而电气石的富集与硼酸盐关系密切，电英岩往往分布在硼酸盐矿体的上盘。而矿体的下盘一般不产出富电气石的岩石。当长英质脉体穿过硼酸盐矿体时，脉体中往往会富集电气石。含电气石岩石的全岩地球化学分析表明，它们的REE及其他微量元素特征以及相关性关系与周围不含电气石的同类岩石十分相似，反映出一种成因上的联系。本区电气石主要属于镁电气石一铁电气石系列，靠近硼矿体的电气石比远离硼矿体的电气石更加富镁，有着更高的Mg／Fe比值。电气石和硼酸盐的硼同位素成分分析显示出二者在同位素组成上的相似性，前者比后者的δ^11B稍低，这可能是由于热液活动过程中同位素分馏的结果。电气石的硼同位素组成在空间上显示出变化规律：远离硼酸盐矿体的电气石的δ^11B值(-5．2‰- 3．6‰)比矿体附近的电气石低(平均 10．5‰)。以上空间和成分上的关系表明硼酸盐可能是形成电气石主要的硼来源，电气石是在热液过程中通过淋滤下伏含硼蒸发岩中的硼形成含硼热液，在与上覆沉积物交代过程中形成含电气石岩石。电气石的条带是热液顺层选择交代的结果。本区电气石与硼酸盐的关系表明，层状电气石可以通过含硼热液交代的方式形成。变质地体中的层状电气石岩石的出现可能与变质蒸发岩有关。这一认识对区域硼矿勘查工作和变质地体的沉积环境分析有借鉴意义。 相似文献
4.
A microprobe study has been carried out on the chemical composition of tourmaline from the Yindongzi and Tongmugou stratabound Pb-Zn ore deposits, eastern Qinling, China. Tourmaline was analysed from a variety of rock types representative of its various occurrences associated with the ore bodies. All the tourmalines studied here belong to the schorl-dravite series. Most are of hydrothermal origin with Mg > Fe and Na > Ca. Some detrital cores of tourmaline have been recognized from their geometry and chemistry, with Fe > Mg. The chemical trends from core to rim in zoned grains suggest a multi-stage model for the growth of tourmaline and genesis of the ore bodies. The first stage was represented by a more Mg-rich hydrothermal fluid in the submarine hydrothermal system, producing Mg-rich tourmalines by selective replacement of clay-rich sediments close to the sediment-water interface. The second stage was dominated by Fe-rich hydrothermal fluid and resulted in overgrowth of Fe-rich tourmaline rims. This stage also led to the nucleation and growth of new tourmaline crystals and was responsible for the formation of the main massive sulphide orebodies. Finally, a further period of hydrothermal activity or a metamorphic event led to the formation of an additional rim of Mg-rich tourmaline. 相似文献
5.
辽东裂谷带硫化物矿床内电气石系列矿物学与找矿关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过辽东裂谷硫化物矿床中不同产状电气石的研究，提示了不同环境内形成电气石矿物的标型、光性、成分、同位素组成、红外光谱与Ｘ衍射特征方面存在一定差异。不同物化条件下形成的电气石其演化系列表现在由近矿围岩到硫化物矿层电气石由富镁由富铁－镁过渡从层状矿体到热液改造矿体电气石由铁镁向富钙－镁过渡。研究表明，电气石的形成与元古代早期底火山喷发作用后引起的富硼热泉活动有关。 相似文献
6.
We have analyzed the chemical composition and boron isotope composition of tourmaline from tourmalinites, granite and a quartz-tourmaline
vein from the Deri ore zone and from a pegmatitic band in the Rampura-Agucha ore body. These two Proterozoic massive sulfide
deposits occur in the Aravalli-Delhi orogenic belt, Rajasthan, northwest India. Tourmaline from stratiform tourmalinites closely
associated with the massive sulfides in the Deri deposit have preserved their original chemical compositions despite regional
and thermal metamorphism in the area. These tourmalines have low Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios (0.19–0.30; mean 0.26) that suggest formation
close to the sediment-sea water interface. The δ11B values (−15.5 and −16.4‰) are compatible with boron derived from leaching of argillaceous sediments and/or felsic volcanics
underlying the original massive sulfide deposit during its formation. Boron isotope compositions measured in tourmaline from
a post-ore granite and quartz-tourmaline vein in the Deri deposit indicate that boron in these tourmalines was derived from
the tourmalinites produced during ore formation. The boron isotope systematics of a coarse brown tourmaline crystal from a
pegmatitic band on the hanging wall contact of the Rampura-Agucha deposit indicate that 45 ± 25% of the boron within the original
tourmaline was lost during upper amphibolite facies regional metamorphism.
Received: 3 April 1996 / Accepted: 11 April 1996 相似文献
7.
Vsevolod Prokofiev Ivan Baksheev Lidiya Zorin Boris Belyatsky Vladimir Ustinov Nadezhda Krivitskaya 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(1):59-71
Zoned tourmaline（schorl-dravite） in the matrix of hydrothermal explosive breccia and ore veins in gold deposits,Chita region.Eastern Transbaikalia.Russia,are associated with Na- and K-rich porphyry-type subvolcanic intrusives.δ18O values of tourmaline from three gold deposits（Darasun. Talatui,Teremkinskoye） are +8.3‰,+7.6‰,and +6.0‰and calculatedδ18O values of fluids responsible for the tourmalinization are +7.3‰,+7.7‰,and +4.2‰,respectively.These data imply an igneous fluid source,except at the Teremkin deposit where mixing with meteoric water is indicated.Wide ranges of Fe3+/Fetot,and the presence of vacancies characterize the Darasun deposit tourmaline indicating wide ranges of f（O2） and pH of mineralizing fluids.Initial stage tourmalines from the gold deposits of the Darasun ore district are dravite or high mg schorl.Second stage tourmaline is characterized by oscillatory zoning but with Fe generally increasing towards crystal rims indicating decreasing temperature.Third stage tourmaline formed unzoned crystals with xMg（mole fraction of Mg） close to that of the hrst stage tourmaline,due to a close association with pyrite and arsenopyrite.From Fe3+/Fetot values,chemical composition and crystallization temperatures.logf（O2） of mineralizing fluids ranged from ca.—25 to—20. much higher than for the gold-bearing beresite—listvenite association,indicating that tourmalinization was not related to gold mineralization. 相似文献
8.
Summary The stratiform massive Zn-Pb sulphide Rosebery deposit of western Tasmania is hosted by metamorphosed deformed acid volcanics and sediments of the Cambrian Mt. Read Volcanics. Tourmalinite, a boron-rich siliceous sulphide facies iron formation, overlies and occurs as an exhalite facies equivalent of the massive sulphides. The orebody is partially replaced by post deformation tourmaline-bearing pyrrhotite-pyrite rocks associated with an alteration facies comprising magnetite-pyrite-tourmaline-phlogopite and the host metavolcanics are transgressed by quartz-tourmaline veins and tourmaline-filled joints. Tourmalinite and tourmaline in alteration zones are associated with other base metal deposits in the area. Tourmaline also occurs as fault-fill and in granitic rocks and associated Sn-W mineralization nearby. Tourmaline associated with the Cambrian massive sulphides is schorl > dravite in contrast to schorl in the Devonian granites.It is suggested that boron was an integral part of the ore fluids at Rosebery which precipitated tourmaline in exhalites immediately after and distal to the mineralization event. Tourmaline from the tourmalinite exhalites appears to have derived from submarine hydrothermal precipitation. Joint- and fracture-fill tourmaline could have derived from remobilization from tourmalinites during Devonian tectonism, however, it is more probable that these discordant tourmaline-bearing veins, tourmaline in the post-cleavage Rosebery Fault and tourmaline-bearing pyrrhotite-pyrite replacement of the Rosebery orebody derived from Devonian granite at a shallow depth which has been intersected in drilling. Tourmaline replacement associated with discordant structures is no different in composition from that from tourmalinites associated with the orebody and hence has undergone re-equilibration with the host rocks during multiple events of deformation and metamorphism associated with Devonian tectonism. In contrast, the composition of tourmaline from the Devonian granites is markedly different from that of the Rosebery area.
Zusammenfassung Die stratiforme, massive Zn-Pb-Sulfidlagerstätte Rosebery in West-Tasmanien sitzt in metamorphen und deformierten sauren Vulkaniten und Sedimenten der Kambrischen Mt. Read Vulkanit-Serie auf. Turmalingesteine treten im Hangenden dieser Serie auf. Sie stellen eine Bor-reiche Eisenformation in silizuiumreicher Sulfidfazies dar und sind als das exhalative Äquivalent der massiven Sulfide anzusehen. Der Erzkörper wird teilweise von postdeformativen Turmalin-fährenden Pyrrhotin-Pyrit-Gesteinen verdrängt, die mit einer Alterationsfazies, bestehend aus Magnetit-Pyrit-Turmalin-Phlogopit, assoziiert sind. Die erzfährenden Metavulkanite werden von Quarz-Turmalin-Gängen und Turmalinadern durchschlagen. Turmalingesteine wie auch Turmalin in Alterationszonen kommen auch mit anderen Buntmetall-Vererzungen des Arbeitsgebietes vor. Turmalin tritt weiters in Störungszonen, in Graniten und in an diese gebundenen Sn-W Mineralisationen auf.Der mit den kambrischen, massiven Vulkaniten assozierte Turmalin ist ein Schörl > Dravit, während in den devonischen Graniten Schörl dominiert. Es ist anzunehmen, daß Bor einen integralen Anteil der Erzlösungen in der Rosebery-Lagerstätte darstellt. Aus diesen ist Turmalin exhalativ, kurz nach der Sulfidmineralisation distal gebildet worden. Es zeigt sich, daß der Turmalin aus submarin hydrothermalen Absätzen herzuleiten ist. Gangturmaline könnten durch Remobilisation der Turmalingesteine während devonischer Deformation entstanden sein. Es scheint jedoch wahrscheinlicher, daß diese diskordanten Gänge, wie auch der Turmalin in der Rosebery-Störung und die Turmalin-führenden Pyrrhotin-Pyrit-Verdrängungen aus dem devonischen Granit stammen. Verdrängter Turmalin, assoziiert mit diskordanten Strukturen, zeigt in seiner Zusammensetzung keinerlei Unterschiede zum Turmalin in Turmalingesteinen aus dem Erzkörper. Im Zuge mehrphasiger, devonischer Deformation und Metamorphose ist es somit zu Reäquilibrierung des Turmalins mit dem Trägergestein gekommen. Die Zusammensetzung des Turmalins in den devonischen Graniten unterscheidet sich deutlich von der des Rosebery-Gebietes.相似文献
9.
祖母绿是由微量Cr和/或V致色的绿色绿柱石。位于云南省麻栗坡县的大丫口祖母绿矿床是中国重要的祖母绿矿床,近年来取得了一系列的研究进展,但与祖母绿相关的电气石的研究工作还未展开。本文以大丫口矿床含祖母绿矿脉和非矿脉中的电气石为研究对象,在详细的野外调查和岩相学研究基础上,对电气石进行成分测试,旨在探讨电气石成因、查明物质来源和流体演化过程,进一步探究大丫口祖母绿矿床的成矿机制。结果显示:含矿脉电气石单位分子中Na含量为0.62~0.79 apfu,Al含量为5.36~6.17 apfu,Fe/(Fe+Mg)值为0.31~0.41;非矿脉电气石单位分子中Na含量为0.64~0.76 apfu,Al含量为5.66~6.38 apfu,Fe/(Fe+Mg)值为0.14~0.34。大丫口电气石具有富Mg、Y位(Y-site)上呈低Al或无Al的特征,属于碱族镁电气石,但是含矿脉电气石则显示更高的Fe/(Fe+Mg)值。电气石成分的差异可能主要与形成环境有关,电气石的成分差异具有指示祖母绿是否富集的潜力。大丫口电气石具有成分分带且V2O3含量为0.65%~4.76%,其形成与持续的热液流体交代围岩有关。大丫口矿床是一个岩浆起源的动态热液体系,流体通过碱交代作用参与水岩反应萃取围岩中的成矿物质。早期流体的物质组成以源于花岗质熔体的Si、Al、Be、F、P为主,而随着演化的进行,Ca、V等来自地层的成分逐渐增加。研究表明,铍的氟化物或氟铍络合物是大丫口成矿流体中Be的一种重要的迁移方式。萤石、氟磷灰石等含氟矿物的结晶促使铍的氟化物或氟铍络合物分解,流体中氟元素的减少可能是大丫口祖母绿成矿的重要机制之一。 相似文献
10.
11.
Raith Johann G. Riemer née Schöner Nina Meisel Thomas 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,147(1):91-109
Tourmaline rocks of previously unclear genesis and spatially associated with W- (Cu)-bearing calc-silicate rocks occur in Palaeoproterozoic supracrustal and felsic intrusive rocks in the Bonya Hills in the eastern Arunta Inlier, central Australia. Tourmalinisation of metapelitic host rocks postdates the peak of regional low-pressure metamorphism (M1/D1, ~500 °C, ~0.2 GPa), and occurred synkinematically between the two main deformation events D1 and D2, coeval with emplacement of Late Strangways (~1.73 Ga) tourmaline-bearing leucogranites and pegmatites. Tourmaline is classified as schorl to dravite in tourmaline–quartz rocks and surrounding tourmaline-rich alteration zones, and as Fe-rich schorl to foitite in the leucogranites. Boron metasomatism resulted in systematic depletion of K, Li, Rb, Cs, Mn and enrichment of B, and in some samples of Na and Ca, in the tourmaline rocks compared to unaltered metasedimentary host rocks. Whole-rock REE concentrations and patterns of unaltered schist, tourmalinised schist and tourmaline–quartz veins—the latter were the zones of influx of the boron-rich hydrothermal fluid—are comparable to those of post-Archaean shales. Thus, the whole-rock REE patterns of these rocks are mostly controlled by the metapelitic precursor. In contrast, REE concentrations of leucogranitic rocks are low (10 times chondritic), and their flat REE patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies are typical for fractionated granitic melts coexisting with a fluid phase. REE patterns for tourmalines separated from metapelite-hosted tourmaline–quartz veins and tourmaline-bearing granites are very different from one another but each tourmaline pattern mirrors the REE distribution of its immediate host rock. Tourmalines occurring in tourmaline–quartz veins within tourmalinised metasediments have LREE-enriched (LaN/YbN=6.3–55), shale-like patterns with higher REE (54–108 ppm). In contrast, those formed in evolved leucogranites exhibit flat REE patterns (LaN/YbN=1.0–5.6) with pronounced negative Eu anomalies and are lower in REE (5.6–30 ppm). We therefore conclude that REE concentrations and patterns of tourmaline from the different tourmaline rocks studied are controlled by the host rock and not by the hydrothermal fluid causing boron metasomatism. From the similarity of the REE pattern of separated tourmaline with the host rock, we further conclude that incorporation of REEs in tourmaline is not intrinsically controlled (i.e. by crystal chemical factors). Tourmaline does not preferentially fractionate specific REEs or groups of REEs during crystallisation from evolved boron- and fluid-rich granitic melts or during alteration of clastic metasediments by boron-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids.Editorial responsibility: J. Hoefs 相似文献
12.
13.
I. A. Baksheev O. Yu. Plotinskaya V. O. Yapaskurt M. F. Vigasina I. A. Bryzgalov E. O. Groznova L. I. Marushchenko 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2012,54(6):458-473
Tourmalines from the Kalinovka porphyry copper deposit with epithermal bismuth-gold-basemetal mineralization and the Michurino gold-silver-base-metal prospect have been studied in the South Urals. Tourmaline from the Kalinovka deposit occurs as pockets and veinlets in quartz-sericite metasomatic rock and propylite. The early schorl-“oxy-schorl” [Fetot/(Fetot + Mg) = 0.66?0.81] enriched in Fe3+ is characterized by the homovalent isomorphic substitution of Fe3+ for Al typical of propylites at porphyry copper deposits. The overgrowing tourmalines of the second and third generations from propylite and quartz-sericite metasomatic rock are intermediate members of the dravite-magnesio-foitite solid solution series [Fetot/(Fetot + Mg) = 0.05?0.46] with homovalent substitution of Mg for Fe2+ and coupled substitution of X ? + YAl for XNa + YMg. These substitutions differ from the coupled substitution of YAl + WO2? for YFe2+ + WOH? in tourmaline from quartz-sericite rocks at porphyry copper deposits. At the Michurino prospect, the tourmaline hosted in the chlorite-pyrite-quartz veins and veinlets with Ag-Au-Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization is an intermediate member of the dravite-magnesio-foitite solid solution series [Fetot/(Fetot + Mg) = 0.20?0.31] with homovalent substitution of Mg for Fe2+ and coupled substitutions of X ? + YAl for XNa + YMg identical to that of late tourmaline at the Kalinovka deposit. Thus, tourmalines of the porphyry and epithermal stages are different in isomorphic substitutions, which allow us to consider tourmaline as an indicator of super- or juxtaposed mineralization. 相似文献
14.
Gold deposits in the Syama and Tabakoroni goldfields in southern Mali occur along a north-northeast trending mineralised litho-structural corridor that trends for approximately 40 km. The deposits are interpreted to have formed during a craton-wide metallogenic event during the Eburnean orogeny. In the Syama goldfield, gold mineralisation in 9 deposits is hosted in the hanging-wall of the Syama-Bananso Shear Zone in basalt, greywacke, argillite, lamprophyre, and black shale. Gold is currently mined primarily from the oxidised-weathered zone of the ore bodies. In the Syama deposit, mineralisation hosted in altered basalt is associated with an intense ankerite–quartz–pyrite stockwork vein systems, whereas disseminated style mineralisation is also present in greywackes. In contrast, the Tellem deposit is hosted in quartz–porphyry rocks.In the Tabakoroni goldfield, gold mineralisation is hosted in quartz veins in tertiary splay shears of the Syama-Bananso Shear Zone. The Tabakoroni orebody is associated with quartz, carbonate and graphite (stylolite) veins, with pyrite and lesser amounts of arsenopyrite. There are four main styles of gold mineralisation including silica-sulphide lodes in carbonaceous fault zones, stylolitic quartz reefs in fault zones, quartz–Fe–carbonate–sulphide lodes in mafic volcanics, and quartz–sulphide stockwork veins in silicified sediments and porphyry dykes. The several deposit styles in the goldfield thus present a number of potential exploration targets spatially associated with the regional Syama-Bananso Shear Zone and generally classified as orogenic shear-hosted gold deposits. 相似文献
15.
The Houxianyu borate deposit in northeastern China is one of the largest boron sources of China, hosted mainly in the Paleoproterozoic meta-volcanic and sedimentary rocks (known as the Liaohe Group) that are characterized by high boron concentrations. The borate ore-body has intimate spatial relationship with the Mg-rich carbonates/silicates of the Group, with fine-grained gneisses (meta-felsic volcanic rocks) as main country rocks. The presence of abundant tourmalinites and tourmaline-rich quartz veins in the borate orebody provides an opportunity to study the origin of boron, the nature of ore-forming fluids, and possible mineralization mechanism. We report the chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmalines from the tourmaline-rich rocks in the borate deposit and from the tourmaline-bearing fine-grained gneisses.Tourmalines from the fine-grained gneisses are chemically homogeneous, showing relatively high Fe and Na and low Mg, with δ11B values in a narrow range from +1.22‰ to +2.63‰. Tourmalines from the tourmaline-rich rocks, however, commonly show compositional zoning, with an irregular detrital core and a euhedral overgrowth, and have significantly higher Mg, REE (and more pronounced positive Eu anomalies), V (229–1852 ppm) and Sr (208–1191 ppm) than those from the fine-grained gneisses. They show varied B isotope values ranging from +4.51‰ to +12.43‰, which plot intermediate between those of the terrigenous sediments and arc rocks with low boron isotope values (as represented by the δ11B = +1.22‰ to +2.63‰ of the fine-grained gneisses of this study) and those of marine carbonates and evaporates with high boron isotope values. In addition, the rim of the zoned tourmaline shows notably higher Mg, Ti, V, Sn, and Pb, and REE (particularly LREEs), but lower Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, and lower δ11B values than the core. These data suggest that (1) the sources of boron of the borate ore-body are mainly the Paleoproterozoic meta-volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and (2) the ore-forming fluids should be the high temperature metamorphic fluids related to the amphibolite-facies metamorphism of the Paleoproterozoic foldbelt, which leach boron from the boron-rich meta-volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Liaohe Group, and the boron-rich metamorphic fluids subsequently interacted with the marine Mg-rich carbonates and evaporates, forming borate deposit, the tourmaline overgrowth in the rim and the tourmaline-rich rocks. 相似文献
16.
Cobalt Deposits in the Central China Orogenic Belt 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
XU Yong Bureau of Geology Exploration B Fuxing Rd. Beijing and ZHU Xinyou Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Anwai Beiyuan Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(3):540-543
Cobalt mostly occurs as an associated metal in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, skarn Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn deposits and volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) or sedex deposits. There are different types of cobalt deposits in the Central China orogenic belt. In the Tamu-Kalangu Mississippi-valley type Pb-Zn deposits, many cobalt-nickel sulphide minerals were found. The cobalt content of the ore is 0.064%-0.46% in sedex-type Kendekeke Fe-Pb-Zn-Au deposits, and cobalt sulphide veins with Co contents of 4%-9% have also been found. About 28000 tons of cobalt reserves were delineated in the Dur'ngoi Cu-Co-Zn deposit of VHMS type in the A'nyemaqen Mountains. It is considered that the exploration potential for cobalt is attractive in this district, especially in sedex-type deposits and Co-rich sulphide veins in sedex-type Fe, Cu and Pb-Zn deposits and their surroundings. 相似文献
17.
新疆阿尔泰彩色电气石的颜色成因研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
彩色碧玺（彩色电气石）是新疆阿尔泰花岗伟晶岩中富有特色的一种名贵宝石，主要有碧绿、黑绿、黄绿、红色和玫瑰色碧玺。通过对彩色电气石的岩石化学分析、Ｘ－衍射、紫外可见光吸收光谱和穆斯鲍尔谱测试分析，结合宏观地质观察，认为阿尔泰宝石级彩色电气石Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量高（＞４０％）而铁（锰）含量低，形成于碱性介质环境，多出现在钠锂型伟晶岩或钠长石富集地段。彩色电气石的颜色与晶体格架中配位金属离子种类、含量、物理特征及其生长阶段等因素有密切关系。铁、锰和锂离子是致色原因之一；微量元素，过渡性致色离子的存在与含量的高低也是造成电气石多色的原因之一 相似文献
18.
Tourmaline mineralization in the Barberton greenstone belt,South Africa: early Archean metasomatism by evaporite-derived boron 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tourmaline-rich rocks are common in the lowgrade, interior portions of the Barberton greenstone belt of South Africa, where shallow-marine sediments and underlying altered basaltic and komatiitic lavas contain up to 50% tourmaline. The presence of tourmaline-bearing rip-up clasts, intraformational tourmalinite pebbles, and tourmaline-coated grains indicates that boron mineralization was a low-temperature, surficial process. The association of these lithologies with stromatolites, evaporites, and shallow-water sedimentary structures and the virtual absence of tourmaline in correlative deep-water facies rocks in the greenstone bels strengthens this model.Five tourmaline-bearing lithologic groups (basalts, komatiites, evaporite-bearing sediments, stromatolitic sediments, and quartz veins) are distinguished based on field, petrographic, and geochemical criteria. Individual tourmaline crystals within these lithologies show internal chemical and textural variations that reflect continued growth through intervals of change in bulk-rock and fluid composition accompanying one or more metasomatic events. Large single-crystal variations exist in Fe/Mg, Al/Fe, and alkali-site vacancies. A wide range in tourmaline composition exists in rocks altered from similar protoliths, but tourmalines in sediments and lavas have similar compositional variations. Boron-isotope analysis of the tourmalines suggest that the boron enrichment in these rocks has a major marine evaporitic component. Sediments with gypsum pseudomorphs and lavas altered at low temperatures by shallow-level brines have the highest 11B values (+2.2 to-1.9); lower 11B values of late quartz veins (-3.7 to-5.7) reflect intermediate temperature, hydrothermal remobilization of evaporitic boron. The 11B values of tourmaline-rich stromatolitic sediments (-9.8 and-10.5) are consistent with two-stage boron enrichment, in which earlier marine evaporitic boron was hydrothermally remobilized and vented in shallow-marine or subaerial sites, mineralizing algal stromatolites. The stromatolite-forming algae preferentially may have lived near the sites of hydrothermal discharge in Archean times. 相似文献
19.
Exploration of Zn-rich sulphide deposits at Leadville, northern Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales, for over two decades has been largely on the premise that the mineralisation represents felsic volcanic-hosted massive sulphides (VHMS). Deposits are hosted by ?Silurian felsic metavolcanic, psammopelitic and calcareous metasedimentary rocks which have been intruded by the late Carboniferous I-type Gulgong Granite. Evidence for an epigenetic replacement (skarn) origin of the deposits, rather than representing metamorphosed volcanogenic massive sulphides, includes the proximity of evolved granitic intrusives and reactive carbonate rocks, a skarn mineral assemblage (with characteristic prograde and retrograde stages), lack of textural or lithological indications of an exhalative origin, and gossan and sulphide compositions consistent with Zn-Pb skarns and atypical of Lachlan Fold Belt VHMS deposits. Furthermore, sulphide lead isotope ratios are significantly more radiogenic than signatures for VHMS deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Carbonate δ13C and δ18O and sulphide δ34S values are consistent with the interaction of magmatic hydrothermal fluids with Palaeozoic carbonate rocks and a largely magmatic source of sulphur. It is concluded that the Leadville deposits are of skarn type, genetically related to the Gulgong Granite. 相似文献
20.
Dušan Němec 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1969,20(3):235-243
The determination of the fluorine content of courmalines yielded 0.28% as an average value for schorlites and dravites and 0.97% for elbaites. The plot of the fluorine contents against the lithium contents shows that the distribution of projection points for pink or green elbaites differs from that for lithian indigolites. Tourmalines are poorer in fluorine than lightcoloured micas at the same stage of pegmatite evolution. Individual regions with pegmatite occurrences can be characterized as rich or poor in fluorine according to the fluorine contents in the tourmalines and micas contained in the pegmatites. 相似文献