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1.
低温碱性溶液中微纹长石溶解性质研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
对微纹长石在碱性溶液中的溶解过程及表面特征变化规律进行实验研究，温度为60℃，实验溶液分别为NaOH(pH≈8)、Na2CO3，[ρ(Na^ )=26μg／mL]和NaCl溶液，利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和ICP-MS测定实验前后微纹长石的表面特征及实验溶液成分变化，结果表明，随着pH值升高，微纹长石的溶解性增强；微纹长石的溶解不是被单一反应模式所控制，而是在表面控制(surface-conrtolled)、扩散控制(diffusion-controlled)和次生物相形成三种过程交替进行的结果。碱性溶液中长石表面反应分三个步骤：H^ 与长石表面碱性阳离子交换反应；OH^-联合已进入长石架状结构内部空隙，具较大结合能的Al-O键逐步破裂，并生成铝的水解产物而溶出；表面形成富Si的络合物。  相似文献   

2.
刘伟  李新俊等 《岩石学报》2002,18(3):331-339
新疆北部乌仑古塔斯嘎克碱性花岗岩体分为主体相和北部边缘相。条纹长石广泛发育出溶；石英与碱性长石复杂交生。条纹长石的出溶衍生出压应力，造成石英的变形。大部分钠铁闪石是由霓辉石交代形成的。在δ^18O石英-δ^18O条纹长石和δ^18O石英-δ^18O钠铁闪石协变图上，应用耦合的质量传输和动力学限制的同位素交换模型对样品进行了模拟。相对交换速率常数和3个矿物的显微组构特征共同指示，表面反应即溶解-再沉淀和管道扩散是氧同位素交换的主要机制。大气降水从塔斯嘎克碱性花岗岩的北部边缘相住主体相发生了平流渗透。北部边缘相样品的较陡的斜率、以及石英和条纹长石较低的^18O亏损程度，被解释为是由于与同位素组成未演化的短路径大气降水在相对较短的时限内发生氧同位素交换造成的。但是，与同位素组成演化了的长路径大气降水在相对较长的时限内的相互作用，导致了主体样品的较缓的斜率以及石英和条纹长石的较高程度的^18O亏损。对于一个侵入岩体的冷却来说，平流冷却与传导冷却一样重要。  相似文献   

3.
成岩流体酸碱性对砂岩次生孔隙的形成具有重要影响。从酸性和碱性成岩流体演化角度分析鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩成岩流体酸碱性对物性的控制作用。依据大量铸体薄片观察、扫描电镜、X衍射分析、常规物性测试和高压压汞,详细研究了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴和神府地区上古生界致密砂岩的岩石矿物学特征、物性特征、成岩作用、孔隙成因类型和孔喉结构特征,探讨了致密砂岩储层酸性和碱性成岩流体环境的识别、分带、分布和发育的各类伴生孔隙,并分析了成岩流体环境的演化过程及物性响应特征。在埋藏过程中,工区上组合层系经历了碱性-酸性-碱性的成岩流体演变模式,下组合含煤层系经历了酸性-碱性的成岩流体演变模式。酸性成岩环境以长石溶蚀、石英加大和自生高岭石沉淀为主要特征,发育长石溶蚀孔、黏土矿物晶间孔等孔隙类型,孔喉半径较大,储层质量相对较好;碱性成岩环境以石英溶蚀、自生绿泥石沉淀为主要特征,以石英溶蚀孔、黏土矿物晶间孔为主要孔隙类型,孔喉半径较小,储层质量相对较差。酸碱过渡带致密砂岩储层介于两者之间。但是每类储层的物性和孔喉结构变化较大。成岩流体环境在纵向上呈现分带特征,自上而下发育碱性带、酸碱过渡带、酸性带、酸碱过渡带和碱性带,不同地区之间分带深度边界有差别;在酸碱过渡带中,局部地区发育酸性带、较弱酸性带和较弱碱性带。  相似文献   

4.
 本文通过一条剖面的重点解剖,研究了广泛分布于上扬子台地边缘相碳酸盐岩中的玛瑙纹构造的成因。研究表明,这是一种早期的成岩组构,组成成分为纤状方解石和粒状方解石。沉淀介质为溶解了部分地表藻类的淡水同孔隙和裂隙海水发生不同程度混合的混合水溶液。被玛瑙纹充填的围岩裂隙主要由岩溶坍塌作用造成,但也有牵引拉伸裂隙和暴露收缩裂隙的叠加。由于介质溶液以地下潜水方式侧向运动,因而随潜水面波动形成了间隔的多层状含玛瑙纹岩层。  相似文献   

5.
西天山吐拉苏火山盆地金成矿系列成矿模式   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
西天山伊尔曼得金矿、恰布坎卓它金矿、阿希金矿和塔吾尔别克金矿形成于晚古生代吐拉苏火山盆地构造环境．这些金矿在同一期火山作用下成矿，成矿热液来源、成矿物质来源和陆缘岩浆带的构造背景都存在相似性和共性．但由于流体受成矿区孔隙或断裂构造的影响，如伊尔曼得金矿和恰布坎卓它金矿发育孔隙构造、阿希金矿发育断裂构造、塔吾尔别克金矿发育斑岩原生裂隙和微裂隙，成矿流体在成矿过程中，流体沿着不同构造流动，其运动方式也不同．伊尔曼得金矿和恰布坎卓它金矿的成矿流体沿孔隙以渗透方式运动，产生大量的交代作用，矿体呈穹丘状和似层状，为酸性硫酸盐型金矿；阿希金矿沿断裂构造以两个大平板间的流动方式运动，产生充填作用，矿体呈脉状，为冰长石．绢云母型金矿；塔吾尔别克金矿成矿流体沿着斑岩体的原生裂隙和微裂隙以缓慢流动和渗透方式运动，矿体呈细脉状和细脉浸染状，为斑岩型金矿．导致成矿物理化学环境、成矿机理和矿床类型上存在差异、这些矿床类型构成了金矿成矿系列，建立金矿成矿系列的成矿模式，具有重要的找矿意义．  相似文献   

6.
本次以碱性长石为研究对象,在乙酸溶液条件下,将实验与数值模拟相结合进行研究,取得以下认识:(1)温度和溶液性质是碱性长石发生次生变化的主要控制因素。低温下碱性长石以溶解为主;在高温下碱性长石以溶蚀溶解为主,形成港湾状、条带状溶孔和溶蚀残余骨架;伴随温度提升,实验样品质量损失增大。(2)残留溶液中离子浓度的规律性变化是矿物的溶蚀、溶解和新生矿物的沉淀的集中体现。随实验温度升高,K~+,SiO_2和矿化度浓度升高,K~+浓度在0.21 mg/L~16.29 mg/L之间,SiO_2浓度在4.26 mg/L~108.2mg/L之间,矿化度在32mg/L~234mg/L之间。新生高岭石的长、宽分布在2.5μm~4μm之间,厚度分布在0.2μm~0.4μm之间,长/宽比值分布在1.2~1.4之间。(3)PHREEQC数值模拟验证了长石溶蚀溶解作用和新生高岭石沉淀的实验结果,数值模拟可从理论上为实验研究提供依据。  相似文献   

7.
吐哈盆地铀矿找矿工作因十红滩矿床的发现而取得了重要突破,之后又在八仙口、苏巴什等地区相继找到了铀矿体与铀矿化.尽管矿床的发现带来了与铀矿化有关的研究工作不断深入,然而,矿床层间渗入氧化成矿作用的关键控制因素——沉积相与微相并未引起人们的足够重视.通过分析盆地的构造演化、钻孔岩心观察和测井曲线分析,识别出含矿目的层西山窑组（包括一段、二段、三段）主要形成于辫状三角洲环境.西山窑组一段、三段沉积于辫状三角洲平原环境,而最为重要的含矿层——西山窑组二段则沉积于辫状三角洲前缘相的水下分流河道、河口坝、分流间湾等微相.镜下鉴定结果表明,目的层岩石类型主要为岩屑砂岩,长石岩屑砂岩,次要为岩屑长石砂岩.电子探针分析结果显示,铀的存在形式主要是独立铀矿物,即沥青铀矿和含钛铀矿物.连井剖面对比研究表明,含铀含氧流体自南东向北西方向迁移,形成的铀矿体主要为板状和卷状.沉积相、微相与铀矿化之间的关系研究表明,铀矿化发育在辨状三角洲水下分流河道微相与河口坝微相环境,或水下分流河道微相与分流间湾微相接触界面附近的岩石中,沉积相（或微相）界面是控制铀矿化的关键因素.   相似文献   

8.
东营凹陷北部沙四上亚段是重要的含油层系,其储层的形成过程和分布规律是近年来的研究难点和热点。通过对研究区样品进行偏光显微镜和荧光观察、扫描电镜分析,并结合区域构造演化史和有机质热演化史,研究东营凹陷北部沙四上亚段的固体-流体相互作用机制及其对储层物性的影响。结果表明研究区可划分出7个流体活动期次,其成岩环境的变化依次为碱性、酸性、碱性、酸性、碱性、酸性至酸碱交替。酸性流体与固体的相互作用表现为明显的碳酸盐溶解、长石溶解及石英的次生加大等,主要改善了储层物性;而碱性流体与固体的相互作用主要表现为石英的溶解、长石次生加大、铁方解石和(铁)白云石及硬石膏沉淀等,在很大程度上堵塞了孔隙,降低了储层物性。研究区共发生两次油气充注,为沙二段到东营组沉积时期以及馆陶组沉积末期,两次油气充注分别对应了两个次生孔隙发育带。  相似文献   

9.
通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、镜质体反射率、X衍射、地球化学等分析,对东营凹陷陡坡带沙河街组四段砂岩储层的成岩演化过程进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:沙四段原始沉积环境为碱性盐湖环境,岩石中普遍含钙质和泥质;成岩演化主要受碱性原始沉积环境、层序发育、构造作用、粘土矿物转化、有机质热演化提供的酸性流体等因素的控制,先后发生了原生隐晶方解石胶结→早期绿泥石胶结→石英溶解→长石溶解→石英Ⅱ加大→石英Ⅲ加大→铁碳酸盐胶结→石英及方解石脉充填,后期成岩裂缝比较发育。证实东营凹陷沙四段储层早期主要受碱性水介质的影响,发生了原生隐晶方解石胶结、石英溶解、长石加大等碱性成岩作用;后期受酸性流体的影响,发生了石英次生加大、长石溶蚀、方解石溶蚀等成岩作用。  相似文献   

10.
内蒙古乌拉山金矿田内主要出露晚太古代乌拉山群区域变质岩和规模不一的花岗岩体以及不同时代、不同种类的脉状地质体。含金矿脉中主要矿物共生组合为碱性长石、石英、斜长石、碳酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石)和少量金属硫化物。矿床的显著特征为碱性长石交代作用强烈，碱性长石也广泛产于该地区其他各种类型的岩石中。本文采用电子显微探针分析了共生碱性长石和斜长石的化学成分，并采用三元二长石温度模型估计了碱性长石的平衡温度。结果表明，第一成矿阶段的碱性长石一石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为353℃，第二成矿阶段石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为281℃，矿脉碱性长石形成压力约为5kbar。这些结果与同类矿石中平衡共生的碳酸盐矿物和云母类矿物的地质温度计估计的形成温度以及共生石英中流体包裹体的均一温度非常一致。因此，乌拉山金矿床形成和富集的温度可估测为260～380℃，压力约为5kbar。此外，应用二长石温度计计算了本地区区域变质片麻岩和花岗岩中碱性长石的平衡温度，所得温度比采用共生铁铝榴石和黑云母温度计估计的温度要低约250℃。这表明共生的铁铝榴石和黑云母的平衡温度可能代表其寄主变质岩变质期温度及寄主花岗岩原生温度，而区域变质岩和花岗岩中的碱性长石在经历了随后多次热液作用后，可能重新平衡再生，这也与前人对乌拉山金矿的矿床地质和同位素研究的结果一致。  相似文献   

11.
Microperthitic feldspar crystals containing low microcline in a braid intergrowth often have distinctive microtextures including coarse semi- to in-coherent grain-boundary pleated rims and fine coherent intracrystalline Ab- and Or-rich pleats (Lee et al. 1997). The coarser pleated rims are generally separated from the braid microtexture in the crystal interior by a coherent to semi-coherent transitional zone. Partial phase separation has occurred in the transitional zone in step with that in the Ab- and Or-rich pleats at the grain boundaries, such that Ab-rich lamellar film micro-antiperthite alternates along (010) with more Or-rich lamellar film microperthite; the microtextures and phases are those expected for the respective local bulk compositions. Lamellar microtextures contain tweed orthoclase, whereas low microcline is the only K-feldspar in the fine coherent pleats and braid microperthite. We propose that the small coherent pleats developed from the braid microtexture by interaction of the spontaneous coherency strains with discontinuities within or at the surface of the crystal, and that their initial spacing is guided by that of the braid microperthite. We infer that the transitional zone formed by straightening of the zig-zag braid microtexture above the pleat heads during coarsening and partial phase separation. We further infer that the resulting coherency shear strains induced a reversal of the K-feldspar phase transformation, involving Si, Al disordering of low microcline into low sanidine, now tweed orthoclase, although the crystal was at a T within the hydrostatic T-stability of microcline. Received: 10 June 1996 / Accepted: 12 December 1996  相似文献   

12.
Braid microperthitic alkali feldspars in the Klokken, South Greenland and Coldwell, Ontario syenite intrusions have bulk-compositional variations along grain boundaries called pleated rims. These, together with vein microperthites in aplites which cross-cut the syenites, have been investigated by SEM and TEM. We distinguish two main types of pleated rims, “arched ” and “parallel-sided ”, consisting of alternating Ab- and Or-rich areas on (001), which are 0.5–300 μm in length normal to (010) and 0.2–20 μm in width along (010). The smallest pleats, which occur on intracrystalline boundaries in Klokken feldspars, are fully coherent and composed of low albite and low microcline. Above the heads of some of the coarser pleats, braid microperthite grades into a film crypto- and micro-perthite and antiperthite microtexture called a “transitional zone” containing roughly planar lamellae of low albite and tweed orthoclase. During pleat development, local alternating volumes form in which the proportions of the phases differ ( phase separation) and the morphology of the intergrowths changes from braided to straight in response to this change in local bulk composition. Straightening is also accompanied by transformation of low microcline to tweed orthoclase. The coarsest pleats, which occur along grain boundaries in feldspars from the Coldwell syenite, are semi- or in-coherent and have a thick coherent and semicoherent transitional zone. Coarsening of pleats and development of the transitional zone has been facilitated by diffusion of “water” into grain interiors. In many cases, pleated rims have suffered deuteric alteration, by dissolution–reprecipitation processes, through the action of a water-rich fluid from the grain boundary, in which tweed orthoclase was transformed into irregular microcline and micropores developed. Vein microperthites in aplites from Klokken, and by extension the vein microperthites almost universal in most alkali granites, are interpreted to have formed by propagation of pleat heads across entire crystals during pervasive interaction with water. Received: 10 June 1996 / Accepted: 12 December 1996  相似文献   

13.
Turbidity is an almost universal feature of alkali feldspars in plutonic rocks and has been investigated by us in alkali feldspars from the Klokken syenite using SEM and TEM. It is caused by the presence of myriads of tubular micro-inclusions, either fluid-filled micropores or sites of previous fluid inclusions, and is associated with coarsening of microperthite and development of sub-grains. Micropores are abundant in coarsened areas, in which porosities may reach 4.5%, but are almost absent from uncoarsened, pristine braind-microperthite areas. The coarsening is patchy, and involves a scale increase of up to 103 without change in the composition of the phases, low albite and low microcline, or in the bulk composition of the crystal. It occurs abruptly along an irregular front within individual crystals, which retain their original shapes. The coherent braid microperthite gives way across the front to an irregular semi-coherent film perthite over a few m and then to a highly coarsened irregular patch perthite containing numerous small sub-grains on scales of a few hundred nm, in both phases. The coarsening and micropore formation occured at a T400°–450° C and it is inferred to have been driven by the release of coherent strain energy, low-angle grain-boundary migration being favoured by a fluid. The patchy nature of the coarsening and the absence of a relationship with initial grain boundaries suggest that the fluid was of local origin, possibly arising in part through exsolution of water from the feldspar. The sub-grain texture and microporosity modify profoundly the permeability of the rock, and greatly enhance the subsequent reactivity of the feldspars.  相似文献   

14.
Ivar B. Ramberg 《Lithos》1972,5(4):281-306
Three occurrences of braid perthite (lamellae parallel to (110) and ( )) and micro braid perthite (lamellae parallel to ( ) and ( )) from Permian nepheline syenite pegmatites in monzonite (larvikite) of the Oslo Graben are described. All the crystals studied show a zoned arrangement with either alternating mmacro- and microperthitic bands parallel to (010) or with microperthitic cores surrounded by macroperthite and a marginal zone of plagioclase. Both types of perthite are mesoperthitic and composed of maximum microcline and low albite. Chemical analyses suggest that the alkali feldspar is stoichiometric, while precession exposures imply unusual cell parameters in the host K-feldspar phase. The macroperthite seems to have crystallized at the expense of the microperthite. The braided texture of exsolved albite lamellae may be due to some kind of strain causing cracking along the prism and pyramidal planes.  相似文献   

15.
Intracrystal microtextures formed by a process of mutual replacement in alkali feldspars record fluid–rock reactions that have affected large volumes of the Earth’s crust. Regular, ≤1 μm-scale ‘strain-controlled’ perthitic microtextures coarsen, by up to 103, by a dissolution–reprecipitation process, producing microporous patch or vein perthites on scales >100 μm. We have developed earlier studies of such reactions in alkali feldspar cm-scale primocrysts in layered syenites from the Klokken intrusion, South Greenland. We present new hyperspectral CL, SEM images, and laser ICPMS analytical data, and discuss the mechanism of such replacement reactions. The feldspars grew as homogeneous sodic sanidines which unmixed and ordered by volume diffusion during cooling into the microcline field at ~450°C, giving regular, fully coherent ‘braid’ cryptoperthite. At ≤450°C the crystals reacted with a circulating post-magmatic aqueous fluid. The braid perthite behaved as a single reactant ‘phase’ which was replaced by two product phases, incoherent subgrains of low albite and microcline, with micropores at their boundaries. The driving force for the reactions was coherency strain energy, which was greater than the surface energy in the subgrain mosaic. The external euhedral crystal shapes and bulk major element composition of the primocrysts were unchanged but they became largely pseudomorphs composed of subgrains usually with the ‘pericline’ and ‘adularia’ habits (dominant {110} and subordinate {010} morphology) characteristic of low T growth. The subgrains have an epitactic relationship with parent braid perthite. Individual subgrains show oscillatory zoning in CL intensity, mainly at blue wavelengths, which correlates with tetrahedral Ti. Regular zoning is sometimes truncated by irregular, discordant surfaces suggesting dissolution, followed by resumption of growth giving regular zoning. Zones can be traced through touching subgrains, of both albite and microcline, for distances up to ~500 μm. At ≤340°C, the microcline subgrains underwent a third stage of unmixing to give straight lamellar film perthites with periodicities of ~1 μm, which with further cooling became semicoherent by the development of spaced misfit dislocations. Sub-grain growth occurred in fluid films that advanced through the elastically strained braid perthite crystals, which dissolved irreversibly. Braid perthite was more soluble than the strain-free subgrain mosaics which precipitated from the supersaturated solution. Some volumes of braid texture have sharp surfaces that suggest rapid dissolution along planes with low surface energies. Others have complex, diffuse boundaries that indicate a phase of coherent lamellar straightening by volume diffusion in response to strain relief close to a slowly advancing interface. Nucleation of strain-free subgrains was the overall rate-limiting step. To minimise surface energy subgrains grew with low energy morphologies and coarsened by grain growth, in fluid films whose trace element load (reflected in the oscillatory zoning) was dictated by the competitive advance of subgrains over a range of a few tens of mm. The cross-cutting dissolution surfaces suggest influxes of fresh fluid. Removal of feldspar to give 2 vol% porosity would require a feldspar:fluid ratio of ~1:26 (by wt). The late reversion to strain-controlled exsolution in microcline subgrains is consistent with loss of fluid above 340°C following depressurization of the intrusion. A second paper (Part II) describes trace element partitioning between the albite and microcline subgrains, and discusses the potential of trace elements as a low-T geothermometer. This paper and the Part II are dedicated in memory of J.V. Smith and W.L. Brown, both of whom died in 2007, in acknowledgement of their unrivalled contributions to the study of the feldspar minerals over more than half a century.  相似文献   

16.
The variation in cooling processes with depth in a magma body is evaluated quantitatively by analysis of the extent of exsolution coarsening and deuteric coarsening as sub-solidus reactions. This method is applied to evaluation of the Okueyama granitic body of central Kyushu, Japan. Exsolution coarsening has produced microperthite textures in this body, while deuteric coarsening has resulted in patchperthite, myrmekite, and reaction rims, respectively. Through measurement of six textural parameters, including the width and spacing of lamellae and the thickness of myrmekite and reaction rims, the extent of these sub-solidus reactions is shown to increase systematically with depth in the granite body, indicating that the Okueyama cooled gradually from the roof. The hornblende–plagioclase and ternary feldspar thermometers indicate temperature a range of 710 to 620 °C for volume diffusion associated with exsolution coarsening, while deuteric coarsening is found to have occurred at temperatures below 500 °C on the basis of the ternary feldspar thermometer. The cooling period corresponding to exsolution coarsening is estimated using a one-dimensional heat transfer model, yielding periods of 820 y at the roof and 1390–1890 y at the base of the exposure (1000 m below the roof) depending on total depth of the original magma body.  相似文献   

17.
Samples of high‐pressure felsic granulites from the Bohemian Massif (Variscan belt of Central Europe) characterized by a peak metamorphic (high‐pressure) mineral assemblage of garnet – kyanite – plagioclase – K‐feldspar – quartz ± biotite show well‐developed plagioclase reaction rims around kyanite grains in two microstructural settings. In one setting, kyanite is randomly distributed in the polyphase matrix, whereas in the other setting, it is enclosed within large perthitic K‐feldspar. Kyanite is regarded as a relict of the high‐pressure metamorphic assemblage that became metastable during transition to a low‐pressure overprint. Plagioclase rims from both microstructural settings show continuous outwards decrease of the anorthite content from An32–25 at the contact with kyanite to An20–19 at the contact with the matrix or to the perthitic K‐feldspar respectively. Based on mass balance considerations, it is shown that in some cases, a small amount of kyanite was consumed in the rim‐forming reaction to provide the Al2O3 component for the growth of plagioclase, whereas in other cases no Al2O3 from kyanite was necessary. In a majority of examples, the necessary Al2O3 was supplied with CaO and Na2O from the surrounding matrix material. For kyanite in perthite, a thermodynamic analysis reveals that the kyanite became metastable at the interface with the host perthite at the peak metamorphic pressure, and therefore the plagioclase rim started to grow at ～ 18 kbar. In contrast, kyanite in the polyphase matrix remained stable down to pressures of ～ 16 kbar, and the plagioclase rim only started to grow at a later stage during the decompression. Plagioclase rims around kyanite inclusions within large perthite have a radial thickness of up to 50 μm. In contrast, the radial thickness of plagioclase rims around kyanite in the polycrystalline matrix is significantly larger, up to 200 μm. Another peculiarity is that the plagioclase rims around kyanite in the matrix are polycrystalline, whereas the plagioclase rims around kyanite inclusions in perthitic hosts are single crystals with the same crystallographic orientation as the host perthite. The difference in rim thickness for the two microstructural settings is ascribed to the differences in the efficiency of chemical mass transfer next to the reaction site. The comparatively large thickness of the plagioclase rims grown around kyanite in the matrix is probably due to efficient material transport along the grain and phase boundaries in the matrix. In contrast, chemical mass transfer was comparatively slow in the large perthitic K‐feldspar grains.  相似文献   

18.
Eight feldspar phases have been distinguished within individual alkali feldspar primocrysts in laminated syenite members of the layered syenite series of the Klokken intrusion. The processes leading to the formation of the first four phases have been described previously. The feldspars crystallized as homogeneous sodian sanidine and exsolved by spinodal decomposition, between 750 and 600 °C, depending on bulk composition, to give fully coherent, strain-controlled braid cryptoperthites with sub-μm periodicities. Below ~500 °C, in the microcline field, these underwent a process of partial mutual replacement in a deuteric fluid, producing coarse (up to mm scale), turbid, incoherent patch perthites. We here describe exsolution and replacement processes that occurred after patch perthite formation. Both Or- and Ab-rich patches underwent a new phase of coherent exsolution by volume diffusion. Or-rich patches began to exsolve albite lamellae by coherent nucleation in the range 460–340 °C, depending on patch composition, leading to film perthite with ≤1 μm periodicities. Below ~300 °C, misfit dislocation loops formed, which were subsequently enlarged to nanotunnels. Ab-rich patches (bulk composition ~Ab91Or1An8), in one sample, exsolved giving peristerite, with one strong modulation with a periodicity of ~17 nm and a pervasive tweed microtexture. The Ab-rich patches formed with metastable disorder below the peristerite solvus and intersected the peristerite conditional spinodal at ~450 °C. This is the first time peristerite has been imaged using TEM within any perthite, and the first time peristerite has been found in a relatively rapidly cooled geological environment. The lamellar periodicities of film perthite and peristerite are consistent with experimentally determined diffusion coefficients and a calculated cooling history of the intrusion. All the preceding textures were in places affected by a phase of replacement correlating with regions of extreme optical turbidity. We term this material ultra porous late feldspar (UPLF). It is composed predominantly of regions of microporous very Or-rich feldspar (mean Ab2.5Or97.4An0.1) associated with very pure porous albite (Ab97.0Or1.6An1.4) implying replacement below 170–90 °C, depending on degree of order. In TEM, UPLF has complex, irregular diffraction contrast similar to that previously associated with low-temperature albitization and diagenetic overgrowths. Replacement by UPLF seems to have been piecemeal in character. Ghost-like textural pseudomorphs of both braid and film parents occur. Formation of patch perthite, film perthite and peristerite occurred 104–105 year after emplacement, but there are no microtextural constraints on the age of UPLF formation.  相似文献   

19.
Evan R. Phillips 《Lithos》1974,7(3):181-194
Myrmekite, first detected by Michel-Lévy in 1875 and named by Sederholm in 1899, is an intergrowth between vermicular quartz and (sodic) plagioclase situated next to potash feldspar. In felsic plutonic rocks it occurs as: rims bordering granular plagioclase, intergranular blebs set between adjacent microperthite crystals, lobes associated with muscovite in deformed alkali feldspar megacrysts or as bulbous growths at their margins, and rims on plagioclase inclusions held within orthocalse megacrysts. A literature review based largely on papers published in the past quarter century shows that hypotheses for myrmekite genesis fall mainly into five categories: simultaneous or direct crystallization, replacement of potash feldspar by plagioclase, replacement of plagioclase by potash feldspar, solid-state exsolution, and recrystallizing quartz involved with blastic plagioclase.  相似文献   

20.
Migmatites from Cone Peak, California, USA and the Satnur-Sangam road, Southern Karnataka, India contain coarser grained orthopyroxene-bearing leucosomes with subordinate biotite in finer grained hornblende-biotite-pyroxene-bearing hosts. At both localities the leucosomes are enriched in quartz and feldspar and have a higher ratio of pyroxene to hornblende + biotite compared to the host rocks. Biotite grains in leucosomes along the Satnur-Sangam road are concentrated at the margins of orthopyroxene grains and have lower abundances of Ti, Fe, and Cl and a higher abundance of F than biotite grains from the host rock. Fluorapatite grains in all rocks from both localities contain monazite inclusions similar to those produced experimentally by metasomatically induced dissolution and reprecipitation. Some fluorapatite grains at both localities are partially rimmed by allanite. The only compositional differences found between fluorapatite grains in the leucosomes and host rocks were higher concentrations of Cl in grains in leucosomes from Cone Peak. The mineralogies of the rocks suggest that the leucosomes formed by dehydration melting reactions that consumed feldspar, quartz, hornblende, and biotite and produced orthopyroxene. Allanite rims at the margins of fluorapatite grains may have formed by the later retrogression of monazite rims formed by incongruent dissolution of fluorapatite in the melt. Biotite grains at the margins of orthopyroxene crystals in the leucosomes from the Satnur-Sangam road apparently formed by retrogression of orthopyroxene upon the solidification of the anatectic melt. A similar high-grade retrogression did not affect orthopyroxene crystals at Cone Peak, indicating that H2O was removed from the crystallizing leucosomes probably in a low H2O activity fluid. Compositional differences between the paleosome and neosomes at Cone Peak are best explained by metasomatic interaction with concentrated brines while elevated Cl concentrations in fluorapatites in the leucosome suggest interaction with a Cl-bearing fluid. Brines may have been responsible for an exchange of elements between the host rock along the Satnur-Sangam road and zones of melt generation now marked by leucosomes, but fluid flow appears to have been less vigorous than at Cone Peak.  相似文献   

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