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近20年气候变暖对北京时令旅游的影响——以北京市植物园桃花节为例 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
北京植物园桃花节是赏花专题时令旅游的典型代表,以近20年植物园桃花节的起讫时间、持续时间及相关气温、物候期等数据为依据，探讨了气候变暖对时令旅游的影响。结果表明：1994年前后桃花节开始日期存在着显著的均值差异，后一时段比前一时段约提前6天，植物园桃花节的开始日期在总体上响应了以山桃始花为代表的北京春季物候提前的变化趋势。同时，桃花节开始日期与上年山桃始花日期、上年年均温度存在显著相关性，反映人们对桃花节的决策是参照上一年的物候现象做出的，相对于气候年际波动存在1年的滞后。桃花节结束日期受人为因素影响较大，但总的来说气候变暖有利于桃花节持续日数的延长。此外，桃花节响应气候变化的滞后性，使得气候波动容易引起时令旅游产品的不稳定，不利于时令旅游的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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植被物候是反映植被动态的重要指标和气候变化对生态系统影响的重要感应器,它影响着地表反照率、粗糙度、蒸发散、CO2通量以及人类生产活动。首先论述了基于遥感的植被物候提取方法和植被物候变化的影响因素两方面的研究进展,然后指出气候变化背景下植物物候研究存在的突出问题,包括遥感难以直接获取常绿植被叶片和冠层结构物候、尺度效应阻碍遥感产品与地面观测的匹配、气候要素(降水和日间、夜间温度等)和城市化对物候的影响及协同作用机制不清楚、缺少针对植被类型的物候产品和模型以及未将物候间滞后效应纳入考虑等。开展常绿植被物候指标的遥感提取方法及算法研制,探索气候变化、极端天气气候对物候的影响机制及未来预估,分析城市化、植被类型对物候的影响以及与气候变化的协同效应,建立综合考虑降水、滞后效应和尺度效应的群落尺度物候模型,是未来工作关注的重点。 相似文献
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近百年来全球气候呈现以变暖为主要特征的显著变化,并且未来气温将继续上升,降水模式也会发生改变。从气候变化对湿地水文水资源的影响、气候变化影响下湿地水文与生态的相互作用过程以及湿地生态水文模型等3个方面,对国内外相关研究动态和发展趋势进行了总结分析。从中发现,当前全球气候背景下的湿地生态水文学正在从单一湿地生态水文过程为主要对象,发展成为以研究气候-水文-生态三者相互作用机制为主要内容的综合性、交叉性学科。现关于气候变化影响下水文-生态之间的关系多集中于单向作用的研究,特别是水文过程对植被的影响研究较多,缺乏对气候变化影响下湿地水文过程与生态过程相互作用机理的全面认识。气候变化对湿地生态水文的影响机制研究已经成为水文学研究亟待解决的科学问题,而基于物理机制的湿地生态水文模型,逐渐成为预测未来气候变化下湿地生态水文响应的重要工具。 相似文献
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作为长江、黄河、澜沧江的发源地,三江源区是我国重要的水源涵养区和生态屏障。在气候变化背景下,三江源区广泛分布的冻土显著退化,对植被变化与生态环境产生深远影响,但近20年植被变化特征及其对气候与冻土变化的响应尚不明晰。基于2001—2020年间三江源区植被、气象与土壤冻融数据集,分析了过去20年间三江源区植被物候变化特征及其对气候因子与土壤冻融要素变化的响应。结果表明：三江源区归一化植被指数(NDVI)整体呈东南高、西北低的空间格局,2001—2020年间三江源区植被整体呈变绿趋势,生长季NDVI以每10年0.017的速率显著增加;植被物候显著变化,生长季延长[6.3 d·(10a)-1],主要由生长季开始日期(SOS)提前[4.9 d·(10a)-1]贡献。基于统计分析结果,气温和降水是生长季NDVI最重要的主导因素,植被对降水的敏感性在气温相对较高、降水相对较少的暖干区域更强;生长季开始前的降水是SOS最重要的主导因素。土壤冻融变化对植被生长的影响具有空间异质性,在暖干区域,土壤融化时段延长对植被生长起到抑制作用。总体来看,三江源季节冻土区... 相似文献
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植被物候是指示植被对自然环境变化响应的重要指标。大兴安岭多年冻土区是我国唯一的高纬度多年冻土区,该区植被物候的研究有助于认识寒区生态系统对全球气候变化的响应。本文首先比较了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、增强型植被指数(EVI)和日光诱导叶绿素荧光(SIF)在多年冻土区物候研究中的差异和适应性,结果表明EVI的应用效果最佳。其次,结合2000—2019年MODIS EVI时间序列数据和气象数据,采用Savitzky-Golay(S-G)滤波和动态阈值等方法提取植被生长季开始(SOS)、结束(EOS)和长度(LOS)等关键物候参数,分析大兴安岭多年冻土区植被物候的时空变化及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)NDVI、EVI和SIF的时间序列均能反映研究区植被生长的季节变化,与NDVI相比,EVI与SIF的变化曲线更加一致。(2)研究区2000—2019年SOS变化范围为年序日96~144 d,平均值为129.46 d。EOS变化范围为272~320 d,平均值为295 d。LOS集中分布在128~224 d,平均值为165.65 d。由于植被类型差异和逆温现象的存在,大片连续多年冻土区的LOS大于岛状融区多年冻土区。(3)研究区SOS和EOS变化趋势的平均值分别为-1.23 d·(20a)^(-1)和-0.46 d·(20a)^(-1),均呈提前趋势。LOS变化趋势的平均值为2.39 d·(20a)^(-1),呈延长趋势。研究区植被SOS与3—5月平均气温呈显著负相关,EOS与8—10月平均气温和降水呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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受全球气候变化影响,陆地植被呈明显的动态变化特性,植被对气候变化的响应关系已成为气候学、生态学领域的热点问题。选取赣江上游峡山水文站以上集水区为研究区,基于1982～2014年气象和叶面积指数(LAI)数据,分析研究区气候要素和LAI的时空演变特征,剖析LAI与气候要素的关联性,解译研究区LAI对气候变化的响应机制。结果表明:研究区近33年气温呈显著升高趋势,降水呈不显著的减少趋势,日照时长总体为增加趋势;研究区LAI显著增加,通过比较研究区5景不同时期土地利用图发现人类活动对陆地植被的影响不明显,气候要素是引起LAI动态变化的主导因素;LAI对各气候要素的敏感度由高至低:气温日照时长降水。 相似文献
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青海高原中、 东部多年冻土及寒区环境退化 总被引：17，自引：13，他引：4
近年来, 随着全球气候变暖和人类社会经济活动的增强, 处于季节冻土向片状连续多年冻土过渡区的青海高原中、 东部多年冻土退化显著. 巴颜喀拉山南坡清水河地区岛状冻土分布南界向北萎缩5 km; 清水河、 黄河沿、 星星海南岸、 黑河沿岸、 花石峡等岛状冻土和不连续多年冻土出现融化夹层和不衔接多年冻土, 有些地区冻土岛和深埋藏多年冻土消失, 多年冻土上限下降、 季节冻结深度变浅; 片状连续多年冻土地温升高、 冻土厚度减薄. 1991-2010年巴颜喀拉山南北坡不连续多年冻土分布下界分别上升90 m和100 m, 1995-2010年布青山南北坡不连续多年冻土分布下界分别上升80 m和50 m. 造成冻土退化的主要原因为气候变暖, 使得地表年均温度由负变正, 冻结期缩短, 融化期延长, 冻/融指数比缩小. 伴随着冻土退化, 高寒环境也显著退化, 地下水位下降, 植被覆盖度降低, 高寒沼泽湿地和河湖萎缩, 土地荒漠化和沙漠化造成了地表覆被条件改变. 相似文献
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地球在晚古生代晚期—中生代早期经历最近一次从冰室到温室的气候转变,是理解未来地球冰川消融、全球变暖等气候转变的重要窗口。这一时期的沉积记录和气候模型研究揭示,冰川活动、大气pCO2和气候状态间存在复杂的耦合和反馈机制,同时伴随发生陆表植被更替和生物迁移。随冰川消融、大气pCO2升高和全球变暖,低纬大陆区干旱化趋势和季节性降雨增强,出现季风气候并在冰室之后的三叠纪温室盛行。华南和华北是位于东特提斯低纬区的主要大陆,其石炭—二叠系在沉积和生物特征上与Pangea超大陆西侧热带区差异显著,蕴含有丰富的深时气候变化信息。基于前人成果,在简述石炭—三叠纪全球气候变化的基础上,对东特提斯低纬区石炭—三叠纪沉积记录进行总结,阐明其深时古气候研究意义和研究前景。 相似文献
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全球变化——海洋地学的热点问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章对当今海洋地球科学中对全球环境变化有影响的气候变暖、板块构造运动、环境地质和矿产资源开发等热点问题进行了阐述。近百年来，世界气温变化反映全球变暖的趋势。气候变暖引起的海平面上升和厄尔尼诺现象将对沿海国家近岸地区人民的生产和生活带来极大的危害和巨大的经济损失。８０年代以来，全球板块构造运动及其驱动力成为科学家研究的热点；沿岸国家海岸带海陆交互地区的开发活动和日益严重的污染对海洋生态环境造成极大危害。文章亦分析了海洋矿产资源开发的前景和海洋地球科学面临的重要课题，提出２１世纪我国海洋地质调查与研究的主要任务 相似文献
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近年的研究指出 ,北半球植被的生长季节正在逐渐延长。这一根据大气二氧化碳浓度季节变化、陆地年平均气温和卫星遥感数据的推断 ,尚有待于利用对地面植被的实际观测资料予以检验。由于植物物候现象如开花、展叶、叶变秋色和落叶等客观地描述了陆地植被的季节性生长状况 ,所以 ,利用树木的物候发生期便可确定生长季节的开始与结束时间。文中分析了德国西部 10个自然区域近 30年来物候生长季节长度的时间波动 ,发现在 2 0世纪 70年代中期存在着一次趋势转折 ,从而表明 ,有关近几十年来北半球高纬地区植被生长季节在逐渐延长的结论 ,并不能代表德国西部的实际情况。进一步的研究显示 ,生长季节时间序列与指示其开始的春季物候发生期时间序列呈负相关关系 ,而与 1月或 2月气温时间序列呈正相关关系 ,由此推断 ,春季物候发生期与气温的变化可以作为检测生长季节长度波动的早期征兆。 相似文献
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遥感技术在植物物候研究中的应用综述 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
通过遥感技术研究植物物候现象的机理分析,认为植被指数可反映植被各物候期的特征。国内外在探测植物生长季始末日期、花期变化、净第一性生产力变化、全球碳收支等方面的研究促进了植物物候的发展;同样物候研究也可提高遥感影像植物分类和作物估产的精度,同时可促进高光谱遥感的发展。通过我国物候研究从传统的农林业应用转向注重遥感探测、生态学应用的现状分析,展望了我国物候发展方向：关注植物生长季始末时间的时空分布规律;遥感监测植物季相变化;遥感监测植物花期;注重探讨植物生理和生态特征;植物高光谱遥感物候研究;重视物候科普普及工作。 相似文献
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Climate change has significantly altered the temperature rhythm which is a key factor for the growth and phenophase of the crop. And temperature change further affects crop water requirement and irrigation system. In the north-west of China, one of the most important crop production bases is Heihe River basin where the observed phenological data is scarce. This study thus first adopted accumulated temperature threshold (ATT) method to define the phenological stages of the crop, and analysed the effect of climate change on phenological stages and water requirement of the crop during growing season. The results indicated the ATT was available for the determination of spring wheat phenological stages. The start dates of all phenological stages became earlier and the growing season length (days) was reduced by 7 days under climate change. During the growing season, water requirement without consideration of phenophase change has been increased by 26.1 mm, while that with consideration of phenophase change was featured in the decrease of water requirement by 50 mm. When temperature increased by 1°C on average, the changes were featured in the 2 days early start date of growing season, 2 days decrease of growing season length, and the 1.4 mm increase of water requirement, respectively. 相似文献
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贡嘎山风景名胜区的气候变化特征及其对旅游业的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用四川省横断山最高峰贡嘎山东坡海拔3 000 m气象站近20 a的观测数据,分析了贡嘎山东坡的气候变化特征和气候变化对贡嘎山风景名胜区旅游业的影响.结果表明:贡嘎山东坡的气温正在变暖,增温率为0.15℃·(10a)-1,冬春季变暖最为明显;年降雨最有增加的趋势,夏季和冬季的降水明显减少,春季和秋季降雨有微弱增加趋势;... 相似文献
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Earlier spring onset and the associated extension of the growing season in high latitudes belong to the most obvious consequences of global warming. The natural dynamics of growing-season properties during past climate shifts however, are extremely difficult to reconstruct since temperature reconstructions are hardly ever seasonally resolved and the applied proxies such as chirinomid or pollen analysis are mainly sensitive to summer temperatures. Here we apply a newly developed leaf cuticle-based proxy to reconstruct growing degree-days (GDD) in a quantitative way and to estimate changes in the timing of spring onset over the last deglaciation. Cuticle analyses of fossil birch leaves preserved in lake sediments from southern Germany reveal extremely low GDD values during the Late Pleniglacial, which are rapidly increasing at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød interstadial. While temperature and GDDs show a simultaneous warming during deglaciation, a GDD decline precedes lowering of summer temperatures during the Older Dryas cooling. Later bud-burst dates support the hypothesis of a shortening the growing season during this cool pulse. 相似文献
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Changing growing‐season properties in the northern latitudes are among the most obvious consequences of ongoing global change. Available techniques including satellite monitoring and phenological observations enable the detection of changes over the last few decades to centuries, but the full range of natural variability is still difficult to capture. Here we introduce a new approach to reconstruct growing season properties, by studying imprints of prolonged growing season on epidermal cell growth in Betula nana. A high correlation between cell expansion determined in annually collected B. nana leaves and subfossil leaf fragments collected from recent peat sections in northern Scandinavia, and climatic indices such as budburst date, growing‐season degree‐days and May–September mean temperatures, enable the establishment of a new micro‐phenological proxy for growing season characteristics. The applicability of the epidermal cell undulation index (UI) is tested by comparison with historical instrumental records of growing‐season degree‐days for the last 200 a. The results demonstrate the potential of the new leaf‐morphology‐based technique to reconstruct and quantify past changes in growing degree‐days beyond instrumental data series. Applied to abundant B. nana leaf remains from peat and lake sediments, the UI may enable a reconstruction of growing degree‐days throughout the Holocene and other parts of the late Quaternary. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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近几十年来青藏高原升温速率约为全球同期升温速率的2倍,对植被产生了巨大影响,给脆弱的生态环境增加了许多不确定因素,准确评估该地区植被变化显得尤为重要。不同的卫星遥感数据源对评估结果带来一定的不确定性,而过去对多源数据在该地区评估的差异性研究尚不清晰。利用MODIS、GIMMS和SPOT的NDVI数据集通过Theil-Sen趋势估计和Mann-Kendall趋势检验对2000—2014年青藏高原地区的植被变化进行分析,并对不同数据之间的差异性进行评价。结果表明：SPOT NDVI反映的植被绿化显著且迅速,27.44%的像元显著绿化,分别超出MODIS与GIMMS NDVI 4.10%、15.89%,生长季显著绿化趋势达到0.0182 （10a）-1,高于其他数据0.0078~0.0090 （10a）-1。MODIS NDVI随着分辨率的提高,显著绿化的像元占比与绿化趋势却逐渐降低;MODIS数据之间显著绿化的像元占比相差不足2.80%。GIMMS NDVI显著褐化的像元占比平均达5.83%,超出其他数据3.37%~5.51%,在春季显著褐化像元最多（7.88%）,与显著绿化像元占比相当。区域平均NDVI具有最小的显著绿化趋势［0.0092 （10a）-1］,并在春、夏两季表现为植被褐化。因此,基于GIMMS NDVI探究青藏高原植被变化特征时,特别是对春季物候研究,可能会造成结果较大的不确定性。而SPOT与MODIS NDVI体现了较高的一致性,可以互为补充,探究高原植被变化。 相似文献
18.
Phytoplankton are finely tuned to the seasonality of their environment, and shifts in the timing of phytoplankton phenology provide some of the most compelling evidence that species and ecosystems are being influenced by global climate change. Evaluation of a 50-year dataset of climatic parameters, a 12-year dataset of nutrients, and a 15-year dataset of phytoplankton biomass and composition in Gyeonggi Bay of the Yellow Sea revealed that the climate has shifted from a cold to a warm phase in the last few decades and that recent warm climatic and eutrophication trends are affecting phytoplankton biomass, phenology, and structure. In Gyeonggi Bay, climatic and ecological regime shifts were detected during the 1990s and 2000s, respectively. The asymmetric relationship between climate and ecological regime shift probably depends on macrotidal system configurations that are more resistant to environmental perturbation. The spring diatom blooms observed in the 1990s have moved forward to winter blooms in the 2000s because early winter warming has been induced by higher light and precipitation, which has removed prior light limitation and control of diatom blooms. Summer blooms are triggered by enhanced nutrients, which leads to frequent and recurring dominance of dinoflagellates and diatoms, supporting the hypothesis that summer phenology might be brought about by local processes such as eutrophication, as well as by climate change. Overall, differences in phenological trends can be brought about by differences in the underlying drivers of seasonality. Based on the results of this study, perspectives are drawn regarding the utility of phenology as an organizing principle for analysis of pelagic ecosystems. 相似文献
19.
Apple orchard phenology response to desiccation and temperature changes in Urmia Lake region 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
V. Eisavi S. Homayouni E. Rezaei-Chiyaneh 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(9):1865-1878
Agricultural production activities, such as those for various fruits and cereals, play a significant role in the local economy and food security of the Urmia Lake region. In particular, this region has thousands of hectares of apple orchards, which have an important socioeconomic impact on the life of people. Climate and land cover changes over the past several decades threaten the apple orchards phenology (AOP). Recent studies have emphasized the effect of temperature on plant phenology; however, they have overlooked the influence of land cover changes, such as Lake Desiccation, on plant phenology. Meanwhile, how climate change and Lake Desiccation will affect the AOP is still not very well understood. Therefore, in this study, we used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) extracted from remote sensing images acquired by the MODIS sensor spanning from 2003 to 2014, in order to extract the AOP events. Furthermore, we used a random forest regression (RFR) for analyzing the relationship between temperature changes/Lake Desiccation and AOP. The results revealed that EVI is a very useful tool for estimating the AOP with a mean root-mean-square error of 6.25 days. Moreover, there is a linear trend toward the early start of season in this region. The end of season (EOS) and the growing season length have also increased in the areas closer to the lake until 2008. This seems that the delayed EOS in the area closest to Urmia Lake has been associated with the lake microclimate since 2008. 相似文献