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泥河湾盆地第四系有孔虫化石群锶同位素及其古环境意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
泥河湾组含有孔虫化石层位的沉积环境问题存在很大争议。本文从生物壳体的锶同位素地球化学特征对其中的有孔虫进行了进一步研究。样品采自泥河湾小渡口剖面27,28层的有孔虫化石(NonionshansiensisWang)和与其共生的介形虫和腹足类。同时,对该剖面22层介形虫以及流经该剖面的桑干河和支流壶流河河水的87Sr／86Sr值也进行了测定。结果表明,有孔虫壳体87Sr／86Sr值为0.71190～0．712018,介形虫壳体为0．710612～0．711481,腹足类碎片为0．710299～0．712057,壶流河为0．709960,合流前桑干河为0．711721,合流后桑干河为0．71150 相似文献
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珠江口黄茅海河口湾的表层沉积物100个站位样品中共发现有孔虫21属36种、介形虫16属20种。优势种组合分别为Ammonia beccarii-Quinqueloculina akneriana rotunda-Cavarotalia annectens-Elphidium advenum和Neomonoceratina delicata-Sinocytheridea impressa-Bicornucythere bisanensis。有孔虫及介形虫的丰度和分异度均表现出“北低南高”,即口门低、向海高的特点。样品中有孔虫和介形虫属种的去趋势对应分析（DCA）表明,盐度是影响该区有孔虫和介形虫分布的最重要因素,其次是水动力条件,水深对有孔虫和介形虫的分布也有一定影响,但并非主要控制性因素。由于受径流影响较大,河口湾北部的水体盐度较低、径流动力较强,不利于有孔虫和介形虫的生存,导致其丰度及分异度均较低。河口湾南部水体盐度升高,潮流动力较强,同时受众多岛屿屏障作用,环境较为稳定,有孔虫和介形虫的丰度和分异度均迅速上升。 相似文献
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通过对神狐海域沉积物组分与水合物成藏关系的研究, 得到SH7B孔含水合物层(155~177 m)有孔虫丰度以及有孔虫壳体微结构与水合物饱和度的关系.结果表明, 有孔虫丰度与水合物饱和度有良好的对应关系, 有孔虫丰度高, 水合物饱和度也高; 反之亦然.有孔虫丰度与水合物饱和度二者的相关系数为0.72, 说明有孔虫与水合物的分布和富集有关.扫描电镜研究表明, 有孔虫成岩作用不明显, 有孔虫为有效孔隙, 有孔虫独特的壳体结构增加了沉积物的孔隙空间, 有利于水合物的储存和富集.大部分有孔虫壳体大小相当于砂粒级, 它的存在一方面增加沉积物粗组分砂的含量, 另一方面增加沉积物的孔隙度.沉积物中生物组分——有孔虫, 是南海神狐海域水合物富集的重要因素之一. 相似文献
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贵州罗甸纳庆剖面是竞争谢尔普霍夫阶底界全球界线层型剖面和点位的最有力候选剖面之一.纳饶剖面紧邻纳庆剖面,是其辅助剖面.纳饶剖面维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶(Viséan-Serpukhovian)界线层段的牙形刺生物地层已经初步建立,可与纳庆剖面直接对比.纳饶剖面V/S界线位于41.8 m处,是以牙形刺演化谱系L.nodosa-L.ziegleri中L.ziegleri的首现来定义的.本研究报道了这一界线层段的有孔虫化石.界线附近共识别出有孔虫23属28种,建立了两个有孔虫带,自下而上分别是Asteroarchaediscus rugosus带和Janischewskina delicata带.A.rugosus带是维宪最晚期的有孔虫带.J.delicata带是谢尔普霍夫初期的有孔虫带,以44 m处J.delicata的首现为标志.纳饶剖面V/S界线2.2 m内同时出现了谢尔普霍夫阶底界标志性的牙形刺和有孔虫,为该界线附近牙形刺和有孔虫的对比提供了重要依据. 相似文献
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湖南祁阳上泥盆统佘田桥组有孔虫 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首次报道我国湖南上泥盆统余田桥组有孔虫化石13属22种,其中包括1新种。这些有孔虫自下而上可分成三个组合,它们大多数可与苏联上泥盆统弗拉斯阶有孔虫对比,时代属晚泥盆世弗拉斯期。本文仅描述佘田桥组较重要的有孔虫8属10种。 相似文献
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珠江口盆地白云凹陷是我国现今深水油气勘探的重要地区，在其南侧的荔湾X构造的珠江组在3 000~3 281 m以混积岩沉积为主.以荔湾X构造内含有孔虫混积岩为研究对象，通过开展岩石学和同位素地球化学研究，确定了有孔虫宿主岩石类型以及有孔虫矿化的岩相学特征，重点探讨了有孔虫的矿化机制，并最终建立了有孔虫的矿化模式.荔湾X构造珠江组混积岩的生物碎屑以有孔虫碎屑为主，有孔虫壳由刃状、等径状方解石或铁方解石组成.有孔虫的房室可分为未充填、半充填和全充填3种类型.根据有孔虫房室充填的主要自生矿物类型、产状及相互关系，可将有孔虫矿化按其形成的先后分为黄铁矿化、铁方解石化、片钠铝石化和铁白云石化4种类型，其中黄铁矿的形成可能与有孔虫软体组织的生物降解有关，铁方解石可能与有机质热脱羧作用有关，片钠铝石和铁白云石中的“碳”有深部来源的岩浆成因CO2的贡献. 相似文献
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广西宁明组植物化石中黄铁矿及其沉积意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对化石中的黄铁矿进行研究,有助于明确生物的化石化过程以及期间的沉积微环境。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对广西宁明组植物化石中保存的黄铁矿进行了分析,发现离散型单晶和成群的莓状体共同保存。单晶绝大多数为无规则至球状体,晶棱不明显,表面可见凹点;少数为八面体,晶棱明显,表面光滑;单晶直径为0.79~1.58 μm;莓状体为圆球状,粒径为7.23~14.95 μm,S/Fe原子个数比的均值为1.54。莓状体的粒径大小和变化幅度均处于低值段,其S/Fe原子个数比值小于2,结果均说明当时植物体上、下表皮间为一种贫氧的水体环境,并在短时间内形成了莓状体。植物化石上、下表皮间由于未保存组织结构,而被大量的、近似层状分布的黄铁矿单晶和莓状体充填,结果支持了化石内莓状体形成与有机质降解之间存在着必然联系。 相似文献
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在湖北省京山县雁门口地区二叠世栖霞组上部的含泥灰岩中发现棘皮动物化石,其腔被不同形态微晶的草莓状黄铁矿充填,有正四面体、正六面体、五角十二面体和近球体。溶解氧与草莓状黄铁矿的形成过程有关,其浓度决定微晶的S/Fe。统计显示,黄铁矿的S/Fe平均值随微晶的边数增加而增加,所以,棘皮动物腔内草莓状黄铁矿形成由早及晚的次序为：近球体微晶,五角十二面体微晶,正六面体微晶,正四面体微晶的草莓状黄铁矿。同一环境中,黄铁矿微晶的S/Fe可用来指示形成次序。 相似文献
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豫西南淅川上泥盆统王冠组地层中发育大量与层面平行且具有蹼纹的U形遗迹化石Rhizocorallium。利用环境扫描电镜对Rhizocorallium进行微观观察,发现在其边缘管和蹼纹内部发育大量不同形态的莓状黄铁矿及莓状铁氧化物（单晶为五角十二面体,八面体,立方体和近球形）,与之对应的围岩中仅见少量黄铁矿单晶颗粒。表面具有覆盖膜的莓状黄铁矿大多存在于潜穴内部,其中边缘管中莓状黄铁矿的单晶直径（0.672~1.603 μm,平均直径1.063 μm）较之蹼纹中部的（0.376~0.877 μm,平均直径0.5 μm）的大。上述特征显示出潜穴中莓状黄铁矿的存在可能与硫酸盐类还原菌有关。Rhizocorallium边缘管和蹼纹中高丰度莓状黄铁矿的发现表明:遗迹化石Rhizocorallium可能是造迹者精心构筑的觅食-花园。由于食物供应和氧化还原条件的不同,Rhizocorallium造迹者在其潜穴内部培植不同的微生物,形成一个互利共生的群落。 相似文献
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Pyrite framboids were found in the Permian-Triassic boundary at Meishan Section, while their sulfur isotopes were determined. The majority of framboids is less than 5 μm in diameter, with some large-sized framboids. Also, euhedral gypsums were observed in the boundary clay. The authors suppose that most of the pyrite framboids formed just below the redox boundary and stopped growing after entering the lower water column. The result indicates that it was probably lower dysoxia condition in the temporal ocean. Moreover, the authors also presume that some pyrite was oxidated to sulfates accompanying the fluctuation of redox condition, which would probably be the origin of the negative sulfur isotopes of gypsum and CAS reported before. In addition, sulfur isotope of framboidal pyrite suggests that sulfur is originated from bacterial sulfate reduction in anoxic condition. Therefore, this study confirms that the ocean was widely anoxic during the Permian-Triassic transitional period. However, the redox condition in temporal ocean was probably not stable, with short-term fluctuations. 相似文献
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Hisanari Sugawara Masayuki Sakakibara David Belton Tetsuya Suzuki 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(3):811-819
Pyrite framboid in sedimentary rocks could be concerned with arsenic contamination in groundwater of acidic environment and has been studied for the formation process of its unique morphology. However, not much has been discussed about the formation process based on the heavy-metal distribution in pyrite framboids and their aggregates. To reveal the formation process of pyrite framboids and their aggregates, mudstone from the Late Cretaceous Hakobuchi Group, central Hokkaido, Japan, are investigated for mode, petrographical, mineralogical, and micro-PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission) analysis in this study. Spherical and sub-spherical pyrite framboids observed in polyframboids can be divided into two types based on the diameter of framboids (D) and the average diameter of microcrystals (d) within framboids: type 1, ranging from 2 to 9 μm and from 0.4 to 0.9 μm, respectively, and type 2, ranging from 8 to 50 μm and from 0.5 to 1.8 μm, respectively. Based on the quantitative traverse analyses and 2-D elemental mapping results by micro-PIXE, heterogeneities in the concentrations of heavy metals within the analyzed aggregations of pyrite are exhibited. On the basis of the As and Pb zoning patterns, the time range and chronological stages of pyrite-aggregation growth are revealed. 相似文献
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Sulfide minerals in coal bed III at the Chinook Mine, Indiana, are pyrite, marcasite, and rarely sphalerite. Pyrite occurs as framboids concentrated mainly in exinite, as bands or lenses in vitrinite and clay partings, as cell fillings in fusinite, and in cleats. Marcasite normally occurs in association with clusters of pyrite framboids within micro-organic remains. Sphalerite occurs exclusively in fusinite associated with cleat pyrite. The iron sulfides, which are of authigenic origin, were formed during the biochemical stage of coalification during the accumulation and compaction of peat. The factor that limited their formation in such an environment was the availability and reactivity of iron. Chemical heterogeneity in the peat swamps where the sulfides formed existed even on a microscopic scale. The iron sulfides were commonly precipitated in localized micro-environments that were favorable for their formation. The metamorphic stage of coalification did not affect the iron sulfides significantly, although it may have been responsible for the recrystallization of pyrite framboids and minor deformation of pyrite in fusinite and its local mobilisation. 相似文献
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沉积地层中草莓状黄铁矿分析方法及其在古海洋学上的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
草莓状黄铁矿是黄铁矿的特殊形态，其定义为由相近大小、相似形态的黄铁矿微晶颗粒组成的球形、亚球形聚合体。草莓状黄铁矿粒径分析已广泛应用于各个地质历史时期的古海洋环境恢复研究中，但其形成机理、判别标准与实验方法仍存在分歧。因此对沉积地层中草莓状黄铁矿的形成机理、在古海洋环境恢复中的指示意义及判别标准、实验与数据分析方法等进行总结阐述，有助于理解草莓状黄铁矿的粒径大小与形态对氧化还原条件的指示意义。草莓状黄铁矿在不同氧化还原环境下的形成机理存在差异，其粒径大小、数量以及分布范围可综合反映沉积时水体的氧化还原条件；而草莓状黄铁矿微晶几何形态及整体形貌特征也与古海洋氧化还原环境密切相关。此外，虽然有学者指出该方法可能存在一些问题，但只要在分析过程中结合沉积特征、古生态特征、地球化学指标等多方面证据对环境进行综合判别，甄别特殊条件下沉积的草莓状黄铁矿，则可有效避免这些问题。最后，针对后期氧化作用对草莓状黄铁矿粒径分布的影响进行了评价，结果显示经过后期氧化作用的草莓状黄铁矿粒径变化很小，不会对其在恢复古海洋氧化还原环境的应用上产生影响。 相似文献
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M. Massaad 《Mineralium Deposita》1974,9(1):87-89
Most of the siliceous and carbonaceous concretions found in the black shales of the Aalenian of the Helvetic and Ultrahelvetic nappes in the Swiss Alps contain framboidal pyrite. Some framboids are assembled in polyframboids. The study of these framboids under reflected light and by electronic microanalyzer shows that they are constituted solely of pyrite. These framboids are described and further explanation of their genesis is presented. 相似文献