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1.
探讨了我国四大矿区天然温石棉致大鼠肺部损伤作用及肺组织中HO-1和HSP-70的表达差异。从我国四大天然矿区采集4种天然温石棉,用扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线荧光光谱分析其粉尘形貌、表面活性基团和化学组分。将90只初断乳SPF级Wistar大鼠,随机分为5组(甘肃阿克塞、青海茫崖、四川新康、陕西陕南温石棉组和生理氯化钠溶液阴性对照组),用2. 0 mg/m L温石棉粉尘悬液0. 5 m L(1次/月)对大鼠非暴露式气管内滴注染毒。于1、6、12个月分批处死大鼠6只,测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和总蛋白(TP)含量,采用qRT-PCR检测肺组织中血红素氧化合酶1(HO-1)和热休克蛋白70(HSP-70) mRNA表达水平,采用western blot检测肺组织中HO-1和HSP-70蛋白表达水平。结果显示,阿克塞、茫崖和新康温石棉组LDH及各温石棉组AKP和TP在各时间点均比阴性对照组高(P 0. 05),且随染毒时间延长呈上升趋势(P 0. 05)。染毒1月时,各染毒组HO-1、HSP-70 mRNA和HO-1、HSP-70蛋白表达量比阴性对照组高(P 0. 05);染毒6月时,各染毒组比阴性对照组高,阿克塞和陕南温石棉组低于茫崖和新康温石棉组(P 0. 05);染毒12月时,阿克塞和陕南温石棉组高于茫崖和新康温石棉组(P 0. 05),茫崖和新康温石棉组低于阴性对照组。 相似文献
2.
探讨活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在温石棉激活线粒体通路诱导A549凋亡中的作用。采用不同浓度温石棉粉尘染毒人肺上皮细胞(A549)后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测ROS抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)预处理前后的细胞凋亡率、胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位,Western Blot法检测各组细胞半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、p53蛋白表达水平。实验结果显示,温石棉可降低A549细胞存活率,呈现时间-剂量效应关系;NAC可显著减少胞内ROS水平、阻止线粒体膜电位下降,并下调caspase-3、p53蛋白的表达水平,抑制部分细胞凋亡的发生。表明ROS可通过诱导p53蛋白过表达,激活线粒体凋亡通路,诱导A549细胞发生凋亡。 相似文献
3.
选取我国四大矿区主产地的温石棉,制备成粒径小于10μm的可吸入纤维,采用非暴露式气管滴注法染毒Wistar雄性大鼠,分别于1、3及6个月时称重并处死,迅速分离肺组织,观察肺形态并称量,计算肺脏器系数,并采用HE染色法利用光学显微镜观察肺组织病理改变,RT-PCR法测定p53、p16基因表达,探讨我国温石棉可吸入纤维的生物安全性。结果表明,四大主矿区的温石棉纤维粒度基本小于10μm,符合可吸入纤维粉尘标准,研磨前后纤维粉尘的结构和活性基团无破坏;染毒组Wistar大鼠体重明显减轻,肺重量显著增加,肺脏器系数变大;染毒组Wistar大鼠肺组织发生严重病理改变,出现不同程度的充血、水肿、炎性细胞浸润和纤维增生;染毒组Wistar大鼠肺p53、p16基因表达均降低。综合以上结果,发现我国四大主矿区温石棉的可吸入纤维粉尘均对Wistar大鼠肺组织呈不同程度和方式损伤。随着染毒时间延长,Wistar大鼠肺组织的抑癌基因p53、p16表达显著降低,推测我国四大矿区温石棉的可吸入纤维粉尘具有致肺癌的风险。 相似文献
4.
PM_(2.5)降尘作用于A549细胞后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,扫描电镜观察细胞形态,流式细胞术检测细胞周期改变,RT-PCR检测周期阻滞相关基因p53、p21、CDK1、c-myc和lncRNA H19的表达水平,Western-blot检测周期蛋白cyclin B1表达。通过转染H19 siRNA干扰H19的表达,RT-PCR检测其对p53、c-myc及CDK1表达的影响,以探讨PM2.5降尘诱导A549细胞周期阻滞的作用机制。结果显示,PM2.5降尘暴露可降低A549细胞存活率,随作用浓度及时间增加呈递减趋势,并可观察到细胞形态破坏,细胞膜表面吸附聚集大量粉尘颗粒。PM2.5作用于细胞24 h后,A549细胞增殖阻滞在G2/M期,周期阻滞相关基因p53、p21及H19表达增加,CDK1及cyclin B1表达降低。此外,转染H19 siRNA后成功干扰H19的表达,并调控CDK1表达进一步降低。综合以上结果,PM2.5降尘处理A549细胞后可通过激活p53及p21活性,抑制CDK1和cyclin B1表达水平,诱导G2/M期阻滞从而抑制细胞增殖。短期暴露于PM2.5后,lncRNA H19在染毒细胞中可能发挥特异性癌基因的作用,通过与p53及c-myc结合参与调控细胞周期,干扰H19低表达使细胞G2/M期阻滞更加明显。 相似文献
5.
6.
将中国仓鼠肺细胞(Chinese Hamster Lung Cell, V79细胞)分别暴露于不同浓度的温石棉及代用品粉体悬液中48 h后,MTT检测细胞存活率;免疫组化法检测V79细胞中Survivin、Cap43、Bcl-2、p16和p53肿瘤相关蛋白的分布及表达,分析我国两大主产区的温石棉及4种主要人工代用品对V79细胞的增殖抑制率与肿瘤相关蛋白谱的影响,以探讨我国温石棉及人工代用品是否是导致肿瘤的高危因素之一。结果表明: ① 在6种粉体中,四川新康及陕西陕南温石棉对细胞生长抑制最强,岩棉纤维粉体对细胞生长抑制最弱。各粉体对V79细胞的存活率影响不同,随着暴露粉体浓度的增加,细胞的存活率降低,呈现剂量效应关系。②各染毒组细胞的癌基因Survivin、Cap43、Bcl-2表达的蛋白上调,抑癌基因p16和p53表达的蛋白下调,以胞浆阳性为主。综合以上结果,发现我国不同地区温石棉及其代用品均不同程度抑制V79细胞生长,上调肿瘤相关蛋白Survivin、Cap43及Bcl-2,下调p16和p53,从而诱导癌症的发展。 相似文献
7.
青海省茫崖石棉矿矿区环境地质问题及治理对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
论文在阐述茫崖石棉矿矿区地质环境质量现状及尾矿可利用价值的基础上,依据矿区粉尘污染、废尾矿成堆,不合理削坡引发灾害事件三大矿山环境地质问题的特点,本着“预防为主,防治结合”,在保护中开发,在开发中保护和“依靠科技进步、发展循环经济,建设绿色矿业”的原则,针对矿区干旱少雨的自然环境特征,提出封存尾矿堆及矿坑边坡削坡的治理方法,借以消除粉尘污染和边坡地质灾害隐患,达到综合利用的目的。 相似文献
8.
采用XRF、XRD和SEM对阿克塞红柳沟矿区的石棉尾矿进行了矿物学特征分析,并进行了制备含硅、镁系列化合物的开发研究。结果表明: 3个矿山石棉尾矿样品的主要化学组成为SiO2 37.01%～39.35%,MgO 37.00%～38.92%,其次是TFe2O3 6.02%～8.37%,烧失量为12.29%～13.56%;主要矿物组成为蛇纹石,且含少量滑石、磁铁矿、水镁石、菱镁矿。石棉尾矿经酸浸获得硫酸镁,制备了"卡房状"氢氧化镁、片状碱式碳酸镁及"卡房状"氧化镁粉体;石棉尾矿的酸浸渣经碱浸获得偏硅酸钠,制备了球状纳米级白炭黑。研究结果对阿克塞红柳沟矿区的石棉尾矿的资源化利用和环境保护具有一定的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
9.
纤蛇纹石石棉及代用纤维粉尘的光谱研究与噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以纤蛇纹石石棉、陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、岩棉、硅灰石为受试物,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测染毒72h后V79细胞的存活率,并通过吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态学上的变化。不同浓度ρ/(μg.ml-1)的矿物粉尘(100,200,400,600,800,1000)作用72h后,V79存活率下降,细胞增殖明显受到抑制并出现大量细胞衰亡,呈现出剂量效应关系,且细胞毒性大小为玻璃纤维>纤蛇纹石石棉>陶瓷纤维>硅灰石>岩棉;形态学观察发现染毒细胞出现空泡、肿胀、裸核、黑褐色颗粒以及胞浆胞核模糊、形态变化等现象,且不同的粉尘对V79细胞的影响不同。总体而言,岩棉是五种粉尘中毒性最低的石棉代用纤维。 相似文献
10.
动物体内青石棉纤维变化特征的显微研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
石棉纤维粉尘注入动物体内后，一部分形成石棉小体或石棉斑，一部分仍为裸露纤维。石棉小体内的纤维表面基团和组织内的某些蛋白反应可形成新的表面介体。粉尘在动物体内引起的动物病变主要是纤维化组织包裹和间皮瘤，机体以吞噬、包裹、缠绕，或以生化溶解方式排解粉尘。纤维自身则出现变短、尖部圆化、折断、分叉现象，也可以出现溶解、迁移、表面化学反应等。肺泡内纤维的碳酸盐化现象是体内纤维溶解和反应的新方式。动物体内间皮瘤可生长在注入部位也可在非注入部位，某种毒性衍生物质的生成和迁移是引起病变的主要原因。体内纤维粉尘的溶解是一个非常缓慢的过程，细小粉尘易于溶解和迁移。体内粉尘的膜阻滞现象在腹膜、胸膜上较为常见，在膜部位不易生成间皮瘤，肿瘤多引发在膜的内侧。但膜可以弱纤维化包裹。 相似文献
11.
温石棉是一种安全性存在争议的石棉,合理可行并且能够真实反映其暴露致病过程的染毒方法对深入研究其致病机理有着重要意义。本文采用多次非暴露式气管滴注的染毒方法对雄性Wistar大鼠分别进行不同浓度温石棉悬液的染毒,在染毒1、3和6个月后记录体重和肺脏器系数,观察肺组织大体及苏木素-伊红(HE)染色的病理形态,对支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞总数进行分类计数,并测定总蛋白(TP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的含量。结果表明,多次滴注的方式大鼠死亡率较低,并且每次滴注后能够苏醒的大鼠没有死亡发生;随着四川新康温石棉染毒时间的延长和染毒剂量增加,大鼠体重增长缓慢,肺脏器系数升高,肺大体出现水肿、肉芽肿、萎缩实质化,HE染色观察则表现为炎性细胞增多、肺泡结构遭到破坏以及出现纤维化;随着染毒时间的延长,支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的白细胞总数、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞百分比呈上升趋势,巨噬细胞百分比呈下降趋势,TP、LDH、ACP和AKP均表现为上升的趋势,并呈现一定的剂量-效应关系。综上所述,多次非暴露式气管滴注方法可用于模拟温石棉慢性暴露的致病过程,四川新康温石棉可以通过破坏巨噬细胞、肺泡上皮细胞及肺泡上皮-毛细血管屏障造成大鼠的肺损伤。 相似文献
12.
文章以攀枝花市钒钛磁铁矿区、龙门山中段煤磷矿区、新康石棉矿区为例，从矿山地质环境概况，矿山主要地质灾害，矿山地质环境分区等入手，全面分析了四川省矿山地质环境现状及开发利用对生态地质环境的影响和破坏，存在的主要环境地质问题及危害。并提出了矿山生态地质环境恢复与重建的建议。 相似文献
13.
Naturally occurring asbestos in eastern Australia: a review of geological occurrence,disturbance and mesothelioma risk 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Marc Hendrickx 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(4):909-926
Potential asbestos-bearing rocks account for about 0.2% of the land area of eastern Australia. The main mode of occurrence
is as narrow cross fibre and slip fibre veins of chrysotile asbestos in serpentinised ophiolite complexes along the boundaries
of major tectonic domains. Smaller deposits of chrysotile and amphibole asbestos occur in metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic
rocks associated with the Macquarie Volcanic Arc in New South Wales. Amphibole asbestos is also known from Proterozoic and
Palaeozoic amphibolite and from Devonian basalt. Natural asbestos-bearing materials in eastern Australia have been disturbed
by mining, road construction, agriculture and forestry, urban development and through natural weathering processes. Persons
most at risk of potential exposure to asbestos from natural sources include: farmers who work or live in areas where asbestos-bearing
materials may be routinely disturbed by agricultural activities; construction workers involved in large-scale earthwork projects
in areas underlain by asbestos-bearing rocks; and quarry workers who unwittingly disturb asbestos-bearing materials. Government
authorities and private enterprise need to take geological factors into account to reduce the likelihood of unplanned disturbance
of natural asbestos-bearing materials.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
四川石棉矿产出四种蛇纹石矿物:纤蛇纹石,Povlen型纤蛇纹石、利蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石。它们的形态、结构、化学成分和红外光谱各具特征,本文对此进行了描述和讨论。纤蛇纹石以纵纤维脉和横纤维脉形式产出,以斜纤蛇纹石为主,含少量正纤和副纤蛇纹石。纵纤维蛇纹石可能由地壳浅层中的大气热水形成。Povlen型纤蛇纹石是蛇纹石族矿物的一个新变种,其形态、结构和化学成分都不同于其他蛇纹石矿物。 相似文献
15.
Asbestos has been identified at fifty-five locations in the bedrock of the northern New Jersey area. Most occurrences are
confined to (1) The Precambrian rocks of the New Jersey Highlands, particularly the marbles; (2) the Paleozoic serpentinites
of Staten Island, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey; and (3) the Mesozoic basaltic rocks of the Newark Basin. Chrysotile and
tremolite asbestos are present in local concentrations in the marbles. In the most extensive exposure of the marble, the Franklin
band, traces of tremolite-actinolite asbestos are commonly present. Crocidolite asbestos occurs in localized areas associated
with fracture systems in Precambrian pegmatites and associated rocks. The Paleozoic serpentinites contain chrysotile asbestos
as a major component in deformed zones. Megascopic chrysotile and anthophyllite asbestos veins occur locally in the serpentinites.
Actinolite asbestos occurs in the Mesozoic basaltic rocks of the Newark Basin.
Potential environmental problems associated with asbestosbearing bedrock include production and use of rock products containing
asbestos, introduction of asbestos into environments surrounding excavations, and asbestos contamination of soils and water
supplies. 相似文献
16.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Detect the change of the Expression of oncoprotein on the Chinese hamster lung cells (V79 cells) which effect with two main district of China and four alternative chrysotile fiber to investigate the factors of lung cancer. V79 cells were exposed to the suspension of Chrysotile and its substitute with different powder content, the survival rate of cells was monitored by MTT. After 48 h, the location, distribution and expression of Survivin, Cap43, Bcl-2, p16 and p53 in V79 cell were examined by immunohistochemistry and compared. In the six kinds of powder, the inhibition of rockwool on the growth of cells was weakest, the inhibition of Chrysotile from Xinkang Sichuan and Southern Shanxi on the growth of cells was strongest. Chrysotile from Xinkang Sichuan, Chrysotile from Southern Shanxi, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, rockwool and wollastonite had a certain influence on the survival rate of V79 cells. As the concentration of powder increased the survival rate of cells decreased, which showed dose-effect relationship. The expression of Survivin, Cap43 and Bcl-2 was upregulated and the expression of P16 and P53 was downregulated in V79 cells, which was obviously in the powder suspension of Chrysotile from Southern Shanxi and Xinkang Sichuan and glass fiber. The expression was mainly in cytoplasm. The influence of different kind of powder on the cells differed in degree. Chrysotile and its substitute can induce the development of cancer by upregulating the expression of Survivin, Cap43 and Bcl-2 and downregulating the expression of p16 and p53. 相似文献
17.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(10):857-862
The paper reports physical, physicochemical, and mineralogical-petrographic studies of serpentinite samples from the Bazhenovo deposit of chrysotile asbestos. The samples differ in mineralogy, physical and physicochemical parameters, and in quality (fiber tenacity) of the hosted chrysotile asbestos. The experiments allowed estimating the temperature dependence of electrical resistance of serpentinites in a range of 20 to 800 °C, the parameters of their high-temperature resistance (the activation energy E0 and the resistance coefficient lg R0), and the relationship between fiber tenacity of asbestos and high-temperature conductance of the host serpentinites. The serpentinite samples that host brittle and tenacious chrysotile asbestos plot different fields in the coordinates E0–lg R0 without any overlap. Thus, the quality of chrysotile asbestos can be inferred from the parameters of high-temperature conductance of the host serpentinites. 相似文献