松辽盆地油田地下水化学场的形成与分布     

金爱民  楼章华  朱蓉  蔡希源  高瑞祺 《地质学报》2005,79(5):719

影响沉积盆地地下水化学性质的因素较多，如大气水下渗淡化作用、泥岩压实排水淡化作用／渗滤浓缩作用和粘土矿物脱水淡化作用等，它们对地下水化学性质的影响作用垂向上具有阶段性，平面上具有选择性。前者导致地下水化学性质的垂直分带性，结合松辽盆地实际情况，从浅到深可以划分出：①大气水下渗淡化带；②近地表蒸发浓缩带；③泥岩压实排水淡化带（C1）-压滤浓缩带（C2）；④粘土矿物脱水淡化带；⑤渗滤浓缩带等五个水化学剖面单元类型。  相似文献   

内蒙古额济纳平原地下水氢氧稳定同位素和水化学特征及其演化规律     

魏世博  王哲  李飞  吴玺  徐蓉桢 《中国地质》2023,(1):159-169

【研究目的】为研究内蒙古额济纳平原地下水水化学特征及其演化规律,于2020年8月采集水样87组,氢氧同位素样品69组。【研究方法】综合运用数理统计、离子比例分析、水文地球化学模拟等方法,分析额济纳平原第四系地下水及北部白垩系地下水水文地球化学特征,探讨水文地球化学演化规律。【研究结果】结果表明：(1)该区地下水水化学类型以SO₄-Na型为主。地下水中阴离子以SO₄^2-为主,其次为Cl^-;阳离子以Na⁺为主,Ca²⁺与Mg²⁺浓度差异不大。(2)研究区地下水SO₄^2-、Cl^-、TDS、总硬度、Na⁺和Mg²⁺浓度具有第四系承压水>第四系潜水>白垩系承压水的特点。(3)第四系潜水离子组分主要受溶滤作用、混合作用控制,局部地区受蒸发作用影响显著;第四系承压水离子组分主要受溶滤作用和阳离子交换作用控制;平原北部白垩系承压水...  相似文献   

中国第二次北极科学考察沿线气溶胶成分分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

徐建中  孙俊英  任贾文  秦大河 《冰川冻土》2005,27(2):205-212

对2003年7月15~9月28日间中国第二次北极科学考察沿线所采集的气溶胶样品进行分析,获得了Na⁺、NH₄⁺ 、Ca²⁺、Cl^-、MSA、SO₄^2- 等11种离子的浓度数据(文中使用当量浓度).根据相关分析, 可将11种离子分为3类: 海盐源离子, 包括Na⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-; 人为源, 包括NH₄⁺ 、NO₃^-; 其它源, 包括 CH₃COO^-、MSA、C₂O₄^2-. 气溶胶以海盐气溶胶为主, Cl^-、Na⁺ 离子分别是阴阳离子中含量最大的离子, (Na⁺ +Cl^-)对气溶胶载量(所测定的阴阳离子的总和)的贡献平均为60.2%, 占气溶胶总量的一半以上. NH₄⁺ /SO₄^2- 的比值的平均为0.45, 根据当地的大气环境和气溶胶的离子平衡, 认为气溶胶样品中NH₄⁺ 和 SO₄^2- 主要是以 NH4HSO4的形式结合. 根据考察沿线 NO₃^- 浓度的变化, 把考察沿线大致分为3个区: 日本海区, 中值为15.2 neq·m^-3; 鄂霍次克海及白令海区, 中值为1.8 neq·m^-3; 北冰洋区, 其浓度较低, 中值为0.4 neq·m^-3. 考察沿线白令海是MSA的高产区.  相似文献   

沉积盆地地下水与油气成藏－保存关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

楼章华  朱蓉  金爱民  李梅 《地质学报》2009,83(8):1188-1194

含油气沉积盆地地下水动力场可以划分为：①泥岩压实水离心流;②大气水下渗向心流;③(层间)越流、越流——蒸发泄水和④滞流四种局部水动力单元类型。通常盆地边缘大气水不对称下渗,发育向心流,中央凹陷区以泥岩为主的砂泥岩地层压实,发育离心流,大气水下渗向心流与地层压实离心流汇合,发育越流泄水。沉积盆地地下水动力场演化和地下水成因控制了地下水化学场的分布规律。在离心流和向心流流动过程中,地下水浓缩、盐化,在越流泄水区形成高浓缩、高盐化地下水。泥岩压实离心流是沉积盆地油气运移的主要动力之一,在地层压实排水离心流过程中,由于岩性、地层、断层等圈闭使得部分油气在运移过程中聚集;在地下水越流泄水过程中有利于油气大量聚集—富集;在向心流推进过程中,早期聚集的油气可能部分被破坏,此外也可能在特定的地质条件下形成水动力和部分岩性、地层、断层油气藏。  相似文献   

车马碧引水隧洞近场区水文地球化学特征及成因浅析     

黄静  肖先煊  许模  李兆峰 《四川地质学报》2023,(4):638-647

地下水水文地球化学特征及其成因的认识可为地下水环境及饮用水安全提供重要依据。本文以车马碧水库引水隧洞近场区为研究对象，在现场水文地质调查和分析基础上，选取33组水样进行水化学测试，并从中抽取22组水样进行氢氧同位素测定。利用Piper三线图、Gibbs模型图、离子比例分析和因子分析等方法，确定研究区地下水离子组分来源。结果表明：大气降水是研究区内地下水的主要补给来源。地下水和地表水受含水层岩性影响，主要水化学类型分别为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型、HCO₃-Ca型；支洞水由于受人类活动影响较大，阴离子由HCO₃^-型变为SO₄^2-型。水-岩作用在各离子来源中占主导作用，K⁺+Na⁺和Cl^-主要来源于盐岩和硅酸盐的溶解作用，Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-主要来...  相似文献   

洮河流域水化学特征及其时空变化研究     

朱朝霞 《地下水》2023,(4):108-111

以洮河流域河水为研究对象,通过对2018年每隔1月洮河干流及支流博拉河和广通河采样点的河水进行水化学研究,揭示了洮河流域河水的水化学组成,探讨了其水化学性质时空变化。结果表明：洮河流域水质偏碱性,干流上游pH值小于下游,并在枯水期都比丰水期为大;矿化度呈枯水期比丰水期小,河水属于中等矿化度水和适度硬水;总硬度、电导率呈枯水期比丰水期大;HCO₃^-、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、CO₃^2-含量呈枯水期比丰水期大;干流上游HCO₃^-、Ca²⁺、CO₃^2-含量大于下游,干流上游Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、MnO₄<...  相似文献   

秦岭主峰太白山北麓降水化学特征分析     

王少安  卢爱刚  康世昌 《冰川冻土》2015,37(3):676-684

利用太白山北麓2011年12月-2013年7月共39次降水样品数据资料, 定量分析了该区域降水化学的特征和时间变化规律. 结果表明: 太白山北麓地区降水中, 除常量离子Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、F^-、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-外, CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-、PO₄^3-及低分子有机酸也占有相当比例. 研究区降水常量离子浓度的顺序依次为: NH₄⁺ > SO₄^2- > Ca²⁺ > NO₃^- > Na⁺ > Cl^- > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ > F^-, 离子总浓度表现出明显的季节变化: 夏季(轻度污染) < 秋季(中等污染) < 春季(严重污染) < 冬季(极重污染). 利用因子分析法得出太白山北麓地区降水组分主要有三种来源; Na⁺、Cl^-、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺主要来自地壳源, SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺主要来自人为源, K⁺和F^-主要由海盐源和人为源共同贡献. 根据Hysplit 后向气流轨迹分析, 得出不同路径气团降水离子组分不同: 受地形等因素影响, 北方路径的气团比南方路径气团离子总浓度较高; 受土壤类型影响, 西北方向气团降水Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺浓度较高; 受人为活动影响, 东北方向SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺浓度较高.  相似文献   

昆明盆地孔隙水的化学特征及其演化规律     

叶许春  张世涛  莫美仙  宋学良  张子雄  李长才  金德山  和怀中  孙有国  双灵 《地质与资源》2007,16(1):59-67

昆明盆地为一碳酸盐岩基底背景上形成的断陷盆地.研究区内孔隙水中Ca²+、HCO₃^-在阳、阴离子中占有绝对优势,水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca、HCO₃-Ca·Mg、HCO₃·Cl-Ca等为主.受不同区域人为活动影响,地下水各离子组分空间分异较大,水化学类型由盆地边缘向盆地中心呈现出复杂化.在平面上,从盆地边缘向盆地中部的冲湖积平原方向,地下水矿化度具有东西过渡分带的特点,以矣六乡-小板桥-巫家坝-联盟镇为界,东部矿化度较低,西部则相对偏高.20年来,随城市化进程的加快,孔隙水水质的演变朝着正负两方面发展,盆地西山、草海一带生态环境有所好转,地下水矿化度在逐年降低,而地下水恶化的区间向着城市的外围边缘转移.冲湖积平原区,地下水矿化度变化不大.地下水化学类型的变异在很大程度上显示了地表土地利用方式的改变对地下水环境演变的影响.因子分析法的结果表明,地下水中Mg²⁺、HCO₃^-、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-等离子的来源很大程度上显示自然演化的结果,而NO₃^-、K⁺、PO4^3-等离子的来源主要受农业和生活污水的影响.地下水化学组分中Mg²⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-、SO4^2-和K⁺同时受到自然作用和外界污染的影响,以COD为代表的工业污染在一定程度上影响了地下水中Cl^-、SO₄^2-和K⁺的浓度及其分布.  相似文献   

中国首次北极科学考察沿线气溶胶可溶性成分的分析   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

孙俊英 《冰川冻土》2002,24(6):744-749

中国首次北极科学考察沿线采集的大气气溶胶样品可溶性成分分析表明,大气气溶胶的平均载量为195neq·m^-3,Na⁺和Cl^-的贡献为0%,NH₄⁺和SO₄^2-的贡献为27%,nssSO₄^2-对SO₄^2-的贡献为8%.气溶胶中阴、阳离子总量基本相当,大气环境呈中性.气溶胶中可溶性成分具有较强的纬度变化特征.根据离子的变化态势可将离子分为3大类,即1)Na⁺,Cl^-,SO₄^2-,K⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺;2)NH₄⁺,NO₃^-;3)MSA.Na⁺和Cl^-具有较好的线性关系,Cl^-/Na⁺的当量浓度比为1.01,小于其在海水中的比值1.1.NH₄⁺和NO₃^-的浓度随纬度的增加呈现减少的趋势,说明在低纬度近海岸地区人类活动的污染相当强烈.MSA的浓度在白令海区出现高值,与Shemya(52°N,174°E)站夏季浓度1.79±0.83neq·m^-3(170±79ng·m^-3)相当.通过与不同海区夏季释放DMS的通量对比,进一步证明了低温有利于DMS向MSA的转化.  相似文献   

牡丹江市主城区第四系地下水主要离子特征与成因分析     

王建伟  高博  佟智强  马力  宋林旭  刘浩 《矿产与地质》2023,(2):399-405

以牡丹江市主城区为研究区,对该区采集的24组第四系地下水样品中常规离子进行检测和分析,利用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型、离子比例关系等方法识别地下水主要离子成因。结果表明,研究区第四系地下水中主要离子含量变化均具有较强的离散性,阴离子平均浓度HCO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^-,阳离子平均浓度Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺,地下水整体为淡水,呈中性偏弱酸性,水化学类型以HCO₃—Na·Ca型水为主;水中的化学组分主要来源于岩石风化溶解,其中,Na⁺和K⁺主要来源于硅酸盐矿物的溶解,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺主要受碳酸盐、硫酸盐和硅酸盐矿物风化溶解作用共同控制,同时水中阳离子间存在一定交换作用。  相似文献   

Distribution and Origin of Underground Water Chemical Fields in Songliao Continental Oil—Bearing Sedimentary Basin     

楼章华  张秉坚等 《中国地球化学学报》1999,18(2):163-171

There are many factors affecting ungerground water chemistry of an oil-bearing sedimentary basin.The properties of underground water show variations in the vertical direction, giving rise to a vertical zonation with respect to underground water chemistry,Five zones could be divided downwards,including 1)The freshening zone due to meteoric water leaching (A):2)the evaporation-concentration zone near the surface(B);3) the freshening zone due to stratum compaction-released water(C1)-infiltration-concentration zone during the mudstone compaction and water releasing(C2);4) the freshening zone for clay mineral dehydration(D);and 5)the seepage-concentration zone(E).The hydrodynamic fields in the Songliao Basin are obviously asymmetrical,with the characteristics of gravity-induced centripetal flow recharged by meteoric water along the edge to the inner part of the basin mainly in its northern and eastern regions,centrifugal flow and crossformational flow in the center of the basin,as well as the cross-formation flow-evaporation discharge area in its southern area.Hydrodynamics controls the planar distribution of underground-water chemical fields;1)the freshening area due to penetrating meteoric water generally at the basin edges;2)the freshening area for mudstone compaction-released water at the center of the basin;3) the cross-formational area as the transitional aqrea;and 4)the concentration area by cross-formational flow and evaporation.The mineralization degree and the concentrations of Na^ and Cl^- and their salinity coefficeents tend to increase,while the concentrations of(CO3^2- HCO3^-) and SO4^2- and the metamorphism and desulfuration coefficients tend to decrease along the centrifugal flow direction caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area.But all of them tend to increase along the gravity-induced centripetal flow direction.  相似文献   

Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin, NE China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JIN Aimin  LOU Zhanghu  ZHU Rong  CAI Xiyuan  GAO Ruiqi Department of Water Conservancy  Ocean Engineering  Zhejiang University  Hangzhou  Zhejiang  China Petrochemical Corporation  Beijing Exploration Bureau  CNPC  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(5):688-696

There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin： （1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields： （1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of groundwater in parts of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

N. Subba Rao 《Environmental Geology》2002,41(5):552-562

Hydrogeochemical investigations, which are significant for the assessment of water quality, have been carried out to study the sources of dissolved ions in groundwaters of some rural areas of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Groundwaters in the area are mostly brackish. High contents of SiO₂, and Na⁺ and Cl^- ions in groundwater, in comparison with those of seawater, suggests a meteoric origin of groundwater. The high concentration of SiO₂ and various geochemical signatures reflect the weathering of minerals. However, the Na⁺+K⁺ vs Cl^- ratio suggests weathering, has occurred only to some extent. The chemistry of groundwater favours the formation of clay minerals (montmorillonite, illite and chlorite), because of evapotranspiration. The positive saturation index of CaCO₃ and the high signatures of Ma²⁺:Ca²⁺ and Na⁺:Ca²⁺ reveals the occurrence of evaporation. The evaporation enhances the concentration of ions (which occurred originally in the water) in the soils during summer. The very high % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr % 0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8 % frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaqabeaadaaakeaacqqG % tbWucqqGpbWtdaqhaaWcbaGaeeinaqdabaGaeeOmaiJaeeyla0caaa % aa!2EC5! SO₄^{2 -} {\rm SO}_{\rm 4}^{{\rm 2 - }} and Cl^- contents in some groundwaters and the occurrence of kankar (CaCO₃) in the area suggest a long history of evaporation. Greater ionic concentration in the groundwaters of post-monsoon compared with pre-monsoon indicates the increasing addition of leachates into the groundwater from the soils in the monsoon and anthropogenic activities, which leads to a deteriorating quality of groundwater. According to the Gibbs' diagrams, rock weathering, to some extent, and evaporation are the dominant phenomena responsible for the higher ionic concentrations found in groundwater. Measures that benefit sustainable management of groundwater quality are suggested in this study.  相似文献   

Use of chemical tracing to study acquisition modalities of the mineralization and behaviour of unconfined groundwaters under a semi-arid climate: the case of the Souss plain (Morocco)     

Y. Hsissou  L. Bouchaou  J. Mudry  J. Mania  P. Chauve 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(6):672-680

The chemical content of the Souss unconfined groundwater displays spatial variations in conductivity (between 400 and 6,000 µS cm^-1). The chemical tracers (Cl^-, SO₄^2-, Sr²⁺, Br^-), which characterize the different components of the groundwater, allowed the determination of the origin of water salinity. Cl^- and SO₄^2-, reaching respectively 2,000 and 1,650 mg L^-1, display localized salinity anomalies. Br^-/Cl^- ratio distinguishes marine-influenced impoverished zones versus the oceanic domain. Thus, salinity anomalies can be attributed: (1) downstream, to a currently existing salt-encroachment (with added waste water) and sedimentary palaeosalinity, (2) in the middle-Souss, to High Atlas evaporites and to irrigation water recycling. Sr²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio (evaporites if >1‰), confirms the evaporitic origin of the anomalies along the right bank of oued Souss. Furthermore, it facilitates the distinction between the different aquifer contributions (Cretaceous, Jurassic and Triassic), and it highlights leakage from deep Turonian limestones in the groundwater recharge system. To the south, recharge is from the Anti Atlas (evaporite-free) waters. Oxygen-18 measurements confirm the groundwater recharge from the High and Anti Atlas as piezometric maps and chemical tracers suggested, plus from leakage from the Turonian and the marine aquifers.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界储层现今地下水动力场及其流体特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

金爱民  楼章华  朱蓉  张文正 《高校地质学报》2002,8(3):334-344

油气的运移、聚集与地下水动力场的形成与演化紧密相关。含油气沉积盆地地下水动力场的理想模式可以归纳为两种,即对称型和不对称型,其中局部地下水动力单元可以划分为：（1）泥岩压水离心流;（2）大气水下渗向心流;（3）越流、越流－蒸发泄水;（4）滞留4种类型。本文试通过讨论鄂尔多斯盆地现今地下水动力场的特征,推断其油气的运移和聚集,这对分析鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界气田的形成,以及资源评价和勘探决策都具有极其重要的意义。  相似文献   

东营凹陷地下水动力场的形成与演化   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10  

楼章华  朱蓉  金爱民  武恒志  郑和荣  王宁 《地质科学》2003,38(1):85-96

沉积盆地地下水动力场的理想模式可以归纳为对称型和不对称型两种,其中局部地下水动力单元可以划分为泥岩压榨水离心流,大气水下渗向心流,越流、越流蒸发泄水和滞流4种类型。地下水动力场的演化具有旋回性,每个旋回可以分为两个阶段:盆地沉降沉积时期的泥岩压榨水离心流阶段和盆地抬升剥蚀时期的大气水下渗向心流阶段。随沉积盆地的形成与演化,水动力场也有形成、发展和消亡的过程。东营凹陷地下水动力场在平面上呈对称性:总体上大气水由凹陷边缘向凹陷中心渗入,凹陷内部各洼陷为压榨水形成的离心流区,凹陷边缘南部斜坡带和北部断阶带以及凹陷内部中央断裂带为越流泄水区。纵向上,局部水动力单元强度及演化规律与地层的埋藏深度有关。随着埋藏深度的增加,水动力单元强度逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

Water quality assessment and the investigation of the relationship between the River Delice and the aquifer systems in the vicinity of Yerköy (Yozgat,Turkey)     

Mehmet Çelik 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(6):690-700

The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution parameters relating to surface and groundwaters and to establish an interaction between these for the area near Yerköy. Three characteristic facies were determined based on the results of hydrochemical analyses: (1) Na⁺-Cl^- facies were greater the deeper the aquifer, (2) Na⁺-SO₄^2- facies were the greater portion of the shallow alluvium aquifer, and (3) Na⁺-HCO₃^- (SO₄^2-) facies represented the western portion of the shallow alluvium aquifer. Based on field and laboratory observations it was found that the water of the River Delice is suitable for irrigation and domestic use whereas the water from the shallow aquifer is extremely saline and considered to have been polluted by local lithological units. Active groundwater circulation and dilution between the alluvium aquifer and the River Delice was observed. Because of the short residence time of the groundwater in this area, the hydrogeochemical concentration and the salinity were found to be low. The other portions of the alluvium aquifer bear higher concentrations of soluble ions.  相似文献   

The chemistry of groundwater: A geoindicator of environmental change across the Polish-Lithuanian border     

J. Giedraitiene  J. Satkunas  M. Graniczny  S. Doktor 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(7):743-749

Groundwater monitoring in the Polish-Lithuanian cross-border area was launched in 1994, utilizing 24 monitoring stations. Of these, 20 are installed in aquifers in Quaternary tills, which are the main source of fresh water for centralized use and single households. Hydro-chemical sampling has been performed twice a year (spring and autumn) over a seven-year period, with determination of main chemical compounds. Hydrochemical differences on both sides of the border appear to be related to the type of land use. The groundwater quality on the Lithuanian side may have been influenced by anthropogenic factors operating prior to 1991 in the Soviet-type collective farms. The main trends over the monitoring period involve increase in SO₄²⁺and Cl^- ions on both sides of the border. The data demonstrate the importance of cross-border monitoring and exemplify groundwater chemistry as a direct geoindicator of the state of the environment.  相似文献   

The recharge of glacial meltwater and its influence on the geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Ordovician-Cambrian aquifer system,northern part of the Baltic Artesian Basin     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Ordovician-Cambrian aquifer system in the northern part of the Baltic Artesian Basin (BAB) illustrates how continental glaciations have influenced groundwater systems in proglacial areas. The aquifer system contains water that has originated from various end-members: recent meteoric water, glacial meltwater and relict Na-Cl brine. The saline formation water that occupied the aquifer system prior to the glacial meltwater intrusion has been diluted by meltwaters of advancing-retreating ice sheets. The diversity in the origin of groundwater in the aquifer system is illustrated by a wide variety in δ¹⁸O values that range from −11‰ to −22.5‰. These values are mostly depleted with respect to values found in modern precipitation in the area. The chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater has been influenced by mixing between waters originating from different end-members. In addition, the freshening of a previously saline water aquifer due to glacial meltwater intrusion has initiated various types of water-rock interaction (e.g. ion exchange, carbonate mineral dissolution).  相似文献   

Hydrochemistry,origin and evolution of sedimentary subsurface fluids: II. Early diagenetic pore-water evolution in high sedimentation-rate offshore basins     

Reinhard Hesse 《中国地球化学学报》1987,6(1):1-18

High sedimentation-rate basins are characteristic of the continental margins, where sedimentation rates up to 500m/Ma and more are no exception. The sediments are rich in organic matter and undergo a well-established sequence of bacterial oxidation reactions, starting at the sediment/water interface with: (1) the oxidation zone (absent in euxinic basins), which is followed downwards by (2) the nitrate reduction zone, (3) the sulfate reduction zone, (4) the carbonate reduction zone, (5) the fermentation zone and (6) the decarboxylation zone, which marks the onset of thermocatalytic reactions characteristic of the intermediate stage (and deeper stages) of diagenesis. This sequence of bacterially mediated organic-matter decomposition reactions in rapidly deposited sediments on the continental margins is well reflected in the vertical trends of pore-water chemistry. Carbon isotopic fractionation permits to distinguish between zones (1) to (3) with negative δ¹³C values for the CO₂ generated, and between zones (4) and (5) with increasingly heavier carbon-isotopes in CO₂ (up to + 15 to + 25‰ δ¹³C). The formation of gas-hydrates causes characteristic chemical and isotopic signatures in pore waters retrieved from hydrate-bearing sediments. After hydrate decomposition (in the sampling process or at the base of hydrate zones) marked chlorimity decreases accompanied by increases in heavy oxygen isotopes are observed. These are distinctly different from the effects of meteoric water influx, which are not accompanied by positive δ¹⁸O values. The opposite trend of increasing salinity at shallow burial depths, rather than pore-waters freshening, is observed in the vicinity of evaporites.  相似文献