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针对自然降尘进行的物相、成分分析表明该降尘的物相组成非常复杂,以石英、方解石、钠长石、白云石、云母为主要物相成分。为探讨降尘中矿物在有机酸中的溶解情况,进一步揭示其对人体的危害程度。本文以西宁降尘为研究对象,并选择柠檬酸为代表有机酸,分别用XRD、FTIR及ICP-AES等方法对柠檬酸处理前后降尘的残余固体及反应上清液进行分析。结果表明,降尘中方解石在经柠檬酸作用10 min后完全溶解,白云石在16 h内基本溶解完全,根据红外分析结果,Si—O、Al—O结构未发生明显破坏。然而,溶出元素结果显示,Al、Si的溶出量随着溶解时间的增长而缓慢增加,说明柠檬酸对Si—O四面体及Al—O八面体也造成了一定的破坏作用。通过分析降尘中3种难溶矿物在相同条件下的溶解速率可以得出,在整个溶解过程中,钠长石的溶解速率高于绢云母,而石英的溶解速率在不同的溶解时间有着较大的差异。根据3种纯矿的溶解速率推断三者的溶解顺序,钠长石明显先于云母溶解,石英的溶解先后顺序还有待进一步研究。通过降尘及纯矿在柠檬酸中溶解过程中不同时刻的元素溶出比例及矿物溶出速率可以得出除石英外4种主要矿物的溶解顺序为:方解石,白云石,钠长石,绢云母。 相似文献
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韶关市大气降尘矿物成分和形貌特征研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用X射线衍射（XRD）仪、扫描电镜X射线能谱（SEM/EDX）仪研究大气降尘矿物成分和颗粒物形貌特征。结果表明，韶关市大气降尘主要矿物成分为伊利石、斜长石、绿泥石、石英、方解石、白云石和无定型非晶质物等，大气颗粒物形貌可分为4种类型：粒状、片状单矿物，链状集合体，圆球状飘珠和不规则粒状集合体。伊利石、绿泥石来源于地面扬尘，方解石、白云石来源于建筑扬尘，无定型非晶质物来源于工业烟尘。粒状、片状单矿物是地面扬尘的标志，链状集合体和圆球形飘珠是工业烟尘的标志，不规则粒状集合体是建筑扬尘的标志。大气降尘矿物成分和形貌特征是判别污染物来源的重要标志。 相似文献
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兰州市一次沙尘暴期间PM10的矿物组成特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究兰州市2006年3月31日沙尘暴期间及之前大气PM10中的矿物学特征,运用场发射扫描电镜和带能谱的扫描电镜识别和统计了PM10中单个颗粒的微观形貌特征和矿物组成.结果表明,沙尘暴期间PM10的质量浓度是一个突增渐降的过程,沙尘暴到来时,PM10的质量浓度在短时间内增至约1500 μg/m3,然后随着沙尘暴的消退逐渐降低,在较长时间内保持较高的浓度值,期间主要为矿物颗粒;沙尘暴之前,PM10的质量浓度普遍高于国家二级标准(150 μg/m3),最高可达500 μg/m3,主要颗粒类型有燃煤飞灰、烟尘集合体和少量的矿物颗粒.单颗粒矿物分析表明,沙尘暴之前的非沙尘暴期,单个矿物颗粒的数量百分比从大到小依次为方解石、石英、伊利石、绿泥石、伊/蒙混层、钙长石、钠长石、钾长石、高岭石和石膏等,沙尘暴期间,矿物颗粒中伊利石和绿泥石的数量百分比明显增加,而方解石含量明显减少. 相似文献
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《西北地质》2020,(2)
为了研究大同煤田南部煤中伴生元素的地球化学特征,运用矿物学、煤地球化学以及岩石学等学科的理论和研究方法,利用X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)、电感耦合等离子质谱分析(ICPMS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜+能谱分析(SEM-EDS),对五家沟矿区5号煤中伴生元素的含量及赋存特征进行研究。结果表明,五家沟5号煤中常量元素Al、Si、Ca、Fe含量较高,占到灰分总量的95%以上。Al主要以高岭石的形式存在,Si以黏土矿物和石英的形式赋存于煤中,煤中Ca的主要载体是方解石,Fe在煤中主要以黄铁矿的形式存在。煤中微量元素Li富集,Ga、Sr、Zr、Nb、Hf、Ta轻度富集。锂和镓主要赋存于高岭石中;铌和钽赋存于黏土矿物中,部分可能赋存于伊利石中;锆和铪赋存于黏土矿物中,还有部分赋存于金红石内。 相似文献
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金沙江河流悬浮物与沉积物的矿物学特征及其表生地球化学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究金沙江流域表生风化特征,系统采集了金沙江和岷江流域32件河流悬浮物和河床砂样品,对其进行了矿物组成分析。结果表明,不同江段河流悬浮物、沉积物的矿物组成大致相同,以石英、方解石、斜长石和粘土矿物为主,局部有白云石、钾长石和角闪石等;粘土矿物主要有伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石。河床沉积物中非粘土矿物碎屑(岩屑)含量明显高于悬浮物。伊利石为铁镁质,Kubler指数在轻微变质范围内,主要来源于三叠系碎屑岩和砂板岩。金沙江、岷江的河流悬浮物矿物组成与流域内出露的碎屑岩、砂板岩、火成岩、碳酸盐岩等的分布有较好的对应关系。河流悬浮物和沉积物的矿物组成及伊利石结晶指数特征表明流域内以物理风化为主。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2016,(3)
成岩作用强度和类型对非常规油气勘探开发具有重要影响,为详细刻画矿物和成岩作用特点,以扶余油层致密砂岩为研究对象,通过QEMSCAN矿物定量分析技术对样品进行了扫描分析,认为QEMSCAN分析技术能详细刻画致密砂岩中矿物的组成、含量、粒度和接触关系等,测试结果准确,数据可靠;研究区致密砂岩主要由石英、斜长石和碱性长石矿物组成,岩石类型为细粒岩屑长石砂岩;根据岩相学特征确定成岩共生序列由早到晚依次为:混合黏土(机械渗滤黏土)-绿泥石-长石的溶蚀、溶解作用-高岭石-伊利石-斜长石的钠长石化-黄铁矿-方解石;不同元素在矿物中的含量存在差异,具有相同元素组成的相邻矿物之间存在转换关系;QEMSCAN分析技术在致密砂岩中的运用对非常规油气勘探具有重要的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
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页岩储层研究已经成为页岩气研究的重点,页岩组构特征的特殊性使得页岩储层发育纳米/微米级孔隙。岩石及矿物中的纳米/微米级空隙是黔北黑色页岩的结构组分之一,传统的光学显微镜方法由于分辨率及放大倍数的限制无法对页岩储层的孔隙类型进行观察;核磁共振等仪器虽能准确测试页岩储层的孔隙度,但是无法获得孔隙的形貌及分布特征等信息。本文整合扫描电镜微区分析与X射线谱学分析的优点,运用Hitachi S-4800型场发射扫描电镜与IE250X-Max50牛津能谱仪组合,对黔北黑色页岩储层中矿物的分布、形态特征及矿物的组成元素进行分析测试。分析结果表明,利用场发射扫描电镜发现黑色页岩中发育微裂缝、纳米/微米级粒内溶孔;通过X射线能谱发现黑色页岩矿物主要有伊利石、石英、钠长石,其次为绿泥石、白云母、白云石等。黔北黑色页岩中裂隙直径为0.1~20μm,其中主要分布在1~5μm,均大于甲烷分子直径(0.414 nm),因此可作为天然气的运移通道与储集空间。此外通过X射线能谱仪对黔北黑色页岩中的石英、方解石、白云石、伊利石等脆性矿物进行分析,发现石英的含量(9.1%~78%)较高,伊利石(17.6%~25.5%)等黏土矿物含量较低,所以该页岩具有很高的脆性,易产生裂缝,可为游离气提供运移通道及储集空间,提高页岩气的产能及储量,进而为黔北地区储层评价及预测等提供依据。 相似文献
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用化学分析、光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、差热分析和扫描电镜等对产于陕西洛川黄土不同层位中的三种成因类型五种结构类型姜石测试表明,姜石是由方解石(为主)、石英、长石和粘土矿物伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石等构成的多矿物聚集体。 姜石作为矿物药材用于防治疾病,其药理作用主要在于含有具特殊疗效的微量元素和矿物成分。当方解石和具有强吸附性能及离子交换容量大的粘土矿物含量占一定比例时,疗效最佳。产于晚第三系三趾马红粘土层(N_2)和第四系早更新世午城黄土下部(Q_1~1),且具有碎斑状结构及均质结构的姜石药性最佳 相似文献
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黄骅坳陷三马地区中-深部储层成岩作用及主控因素分析 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
黄骅坳陷三马地区储集岩样品的显微特征及成岩矿物的组合关系分析结果表明，三马地区下第三系中深层储层主要处于晚成岩A期，成岩现象包括石英、长石的次生加大、碳酸盐矿物胶结作用、矿物交代作用、溶解作用和粘土矿物转化作用等。其中石英次生加大于2700m左右开始出现，随埋深增大，石英增生加强；长石次生加大现象不十分普遍；碳酸盐胶结作用包括早期自生泥晶方解石胶结作用、连晶方解石和晚期白云石(或铁方解石)的胶结作用。在扫描电镜下可见到方解石与含铁方解石集合体充填在粒间孔隙中或与石英、钠长石及粘土矿物共生，白云岩多呈菱形粒状分布于粒间；常见的交代现象主要有方解石交代长石、石英及粘土矿物，粘土矿物交代长石、石英等；溶解作用主要有长石的溶解、碳酸盐颗粒的溶解和方解石胶结物的溶解等，粘土矿物的转化主要为蒙脱石、高岭石向伊利石(或绿泥石)转化。还讨论了储层岩相、岩性特征、孔隙水中有机酸含量、早期方解石的充填、烃类早期注入等因素对储层成岩演化的控制作用。 相似文献
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《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2016,57(7):1048-1063
The Shurijeh Reservoir Formation of Neocomian age is represented by a sandstone sequence, occasionally interbedded with shale, in the Gonbadli gas field, Kopet-Dagh Basin, Northeastern Iran. In this study X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques were used together to characterize the Shuirjeh clay minerals in 76 core samples collected from two deep Gonbadli wells. The results of XRF analysis showed high percentages of silicon and moderate to low percentages of aluminum, sulfur, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and iron in both wells. The XRD analysis indicated that the above elements were concentrated in the form of quartz, anhydrite, dolomite, calcite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, hematite, and clay minerals. Further XRD examination of the clay fraction revealed that illite, chlorite, and kaolinite were the major types of clay minerals. Unlike, glauconite, smectite, and a mixed layer clays of both the illite–smectite and chlorite–smectite types were observed only in very few samples. The percentages of individual clay minerals were determined using external standard calibration curves and successfully validated by a system of simultaneous linear equations acquired from detailed elemental information based on the XRF analysis. The error reached ± 5% for the main mineral constituent and ± 15% for minor minerals. A local regression relationship was also derived, based on the XRF elemental information, which can be used to estimate the clay contents of other Shurijeh drilled wells with data of pulsed-neutron spectroscopy tools. According to the proposed quantitative approach, the amount of illite varied considerably, reaching 18.3%. In contrast, the amounts of kaolinite and chlorite were generally small, i.e., less than 8.4%. The amount of total clay minerals changed greatly from a minimum of 5% to a maximum of 32.5%. An increase in illite with increasing burial depth and temperature was an obvious indication of deep burial diagenesis in this formation. 相似文献
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兰州市取暖期可吸入颗粒物中单颗粒矿物组成特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为研究兰州市2005年冬季大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中单颗粒的矿物组成,用能谱扫描电镜识别和统计了兰州市区(东方红广场)和郊区(榆中县)两个采样点的单矿物颗粒。结果在市区样品中识别出方解石、伊/蒙混层、石英、斜长石、伊利石、石膏、绿泥石、高岭石、浊沸石和钾长石等21种矿物,前7种占统计总量的75%以上;郊区样品中识别出20种矿物,以方解石、石英、伊利石、绿泥石、斜长石和伊/蒙混层为主(占70%以上),与市区相比缺少钾石膏、金红石和水铝酸钙而增加了硫酸镁和磷灰石。总体来看,大气PM10中的矿物颗粒可分为粘土类、长石类、碳酸盐类、硫酸盐类、氧化物类和其他六类,以粘土类和碳酸盐类矿物为主(约占60%);冬季市区颗粒物表面的“硫化”现象较郊区严重;这些矿物颗粒主要来自地表土,人为排放和大气中二次化学反应生成的矿物的贡献较小。 相似文献
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Despite recent advances, diagenetic processes in fine-grained sediments are still relatively poorly understood. Key questions still to be resolved include the types of diagenetic minerals present in mudstones and the extent of element mobility in these low permeability systems. This study utilizes data from the Haynesville-Bossier Shale, USA, to analyze lithologies, discriminate authigenic phases and identify mobile elements during diagenesis. It has implications for understanding how authigenic minerals develop and the sources of those authigenic minerals in fine-grained sediments. On the basis of grain-size and mineralogy five lithologies are designated: (i) silica-rich argillaceous mudstones; (ii) argillaceous siliceous mudstones; (iii) mixed siliceous mudstones; (iv) mixed mudstones; and (v) authigenically-dominated mudstones. The diagenetic development of the Haynesville-Bossier Shale can be divided into early and late diagenesis. Ferroan and non-ferroan dolomite, framboidal pyrite and bioclast pore-filling kaolinite and calcite grain replacements and cements all formed during early diagenesis. Late diagenetic mineral phases include illite formed by the illitization of smectite, replacive and displacive chlorite, calcite-replacive albite, quartz-replacive calcite and replacive and/or displacive quartz. The presence of extensive late diagenetic mineral precipitates indicates that there was a degree of element mobility on at least the local scale. Aluminium present in albite is most likely to have resulted from the illitization of smectite. Quartz overgrowths probably resulted from illitization and the pressure dissolution at quartz silt grain boundaries. Externally, hydrothermal fluids resulting from regional-scale igneous activity appear to have played a role in the formation of chlorite and possibly albite. The work indicates that extensive mineral development and element mobility occurred during late diagenesis. 相似文献
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A.E.KELEPERTSIS E.KONTIS 《中国地球化学学报》1997,16(1):8-19
The mineralogy and geochemistry data are presented for thirty-seven shales,four concretions,two carbonate sediments and seven lignites from the Marathousa coal field of the Megalopolis Basin in Greece.The argillaceous rocks consist of chlorite,illite,kaolinte,albite,quartz.opal-A,calcite and dolomite;the concretions of aragonite,gypsum and pyrite;and the carbonate rocks of calcite,quartz and illite.The mineral matter in the lignites consists of gypsum,quartz,albite,chlorite,illite,opal-A,dolomite,pyrite,and rarely calcite and kaolinite Athree-factor model explains the total variaition of major and trace elements in the argillaceous sediments.The first factor is an aluminosilicate factor and involves the following elements:Al,Si,Mg,Na,K,Ti,Mn,Nb,Y,Rb,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Nband V,associated with chlorite,albite and illite.The second factor involves the elements Ca,Sr,Ba,Znand Sc and is related to carbonate lithology and mainly the carbonate concretions with gypsum.The third factor involves Fe and Ce with a weak association with Mn.The diagenesis of the Marathousa sediments and lignites was not very advanced as indicated by (a) the total thickness of the sequence (500m),(b) the presence of biogenic silica(opal-A) and (c) the age of the deposit(Pleistocene).FOr these reasons the rpresence of chlorite,illite and kaolinite in the sediments and lignite is due not to diagenetic reactions but to weathering of the flysch and metamorphic rocks at the edges of the Megalopolis Basin and transport of the weathering products(illite,chlorite,kaolinite)into the basin of deposition.The diagenetic minerals of the Marathousa sequence include pyrite,gypsum,dolomite and aragonite. 相似文献
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Yu. V. Erokhin K. S. Ivanov V. A. Koroteev V. V. Khiller 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,481(1):883-886
The zircons in granitoids from the basement of the Verkhnerechenskii oil exploration area (Yamal Peninsula, West Siberia) were studied. The U–Pb age of zircons was evaluated as 254.0 ± 3.0 Ma. It was found that the inclusions in zircons are represented by various minerals: fluorapatite, titanite, monazite-(Ce), albite, quartz, chamosite, and calcite. Most likely, the latter two minerals were formed separately from zircon but belonged to later secondary minerals (the rock propylitization products). In general, the accessory zircons and inclusions belonged to the “granite” association and crystallized synchronously in the Upper Permian. 相似文献
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Euhedral quartz and albite crystals are common in Devonian (Givetian-Frasnian) shallow-marine shelf carbonates from the Belgian Ardennes. Several features such as morphology, the presence of carbonate inclusions, inversion temperatures and occurrence in the insoluble residues of stylolitic surfaces indicate that these crystals have developed authigenically. Oxygen isotope ratios point to an intermediate deep burial realm of origin at temperatures of 60–90°C. The predominance of illite and the almost total absence of smectite clay minerals is interpreted as an indication that illitization produced the silica needed for authigenesis. The mineral composition of inclusions indicates that the carbonate host rock must have consisted of low-Mg calcite already at the time of authigenesis. These inclusions represent an earlier diagenetic stage than the present carbonate rock, since they were protected from further diagenetic alteration by the surrounding quartz. The calcite inclusions display a higher Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratio than the carbonate host-rock. Because neomorphic diagenesis of the carbonate continued after silicate authigenesis, the contents of Mg and Sr in the calcite of the host carbonate are even lower. The authigenic feldspar mineralogy seems to be determined by the composition of the host-sediment. 相似文献