共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
C. J. Loupasakis B. G. Christaras G. Ch. Dimopoulos T. N. Hatzigogos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(1):71-80
The selection of the constitutive laws reproducing the response of geomaterials usually becomes a very complicated procedure;
especially during the analysis of geostructures containing coarse grained materials. The objective of this study, is the evaluation
of models based on the perfect and hardening plasticity theory, regarding their ability to analyze the behaviour of soil materials,
used for the construction of earth dams. The evaluated constitutive laws are the elastic–perfect plastic model based on the
Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion and the isotropic hardening CAP model based on the same criterion. The data used for the evaluation
of the models, originate from the body of the Sfikia earth dam. This dam is considered suitable, because of the specialized
laboratory tests’ available data, regarding the materials of every zone. The availability of those data, as well as the variety
of the construction geomaterials, allows the deduction of generalized conclusions, concerning the ability of the specific
models to simulate a variety of similar earth constructions. 相似文献
2.
This paper discusses the results of the engineering geological and geotechnical investigations that have been carried out
at the Daroongar dam site. According to the geomorphology and geological conditions and economic reason, the dam has been
designed as an earth dam with a clay core. The dam foundation is composed of a sequence of sandy limestone and limy marl of
the Upper Cretaceous period. This study is based on field and laboratory investigations, surface discontinuity surveying,
drilled borehole data and permeability of dam foundation. The present studies include the evaluation of the dam foundation
by water pressure tests. The water pressure tests indicate the necessity to provide a grout curtain below the dam foundation.The
geology of the Daroongar dam foundation has a significant influence on the permeability and groutability characteristics.
The permeability of jointed rock masses is strongly depended on joint characteristics; degree of jointing, opening, continuity
and presence of filling materials. The laboratory tests included tests for unit weight, porosity, uniaxial, triaxial, tensile
strength and deformation parameters. The strength and modulus of elasticity of rock masses were determined using the Hoek–Brown
empirical strength criterion. The rock mass qualities and classifications of the dam site is assigned using the rock mass
rating (RMR), the rock quality (Q) and the geological strength index (GSI) classification systems. 相似文献
3.
跨海峡海底隧道风化槽围岩力学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
厦门海底隧道工程是我国建设的第一条海底公路隧道。隧道在建设过程中穿越F1～F4 四条断层破碎带,破碎带处洞体围岩软弱、破碎,岩石主要为风化破碎类花岗岩,该类岩石尤其是强风化花岗岩强度低,压缩性高,自稳和自承能力差,给隧道衬砌结构的设计和施工工艺的选择带来一系列特殊的问题。通过对风化破碎类花岗岩（主要包括微风化花岗岩和强风化花岗岩）试样进行一系列的室内试验,重点研究风化槽花岗岩的力学行为。强风化花岗岩三轴压缩试验及流变试验表明：强风化花岗岩强度低、变形大、弹性模量低,在达到峰值后,有明显的塑性流动,通过Mohr-Coulomb准则得到强风化花岗岩的摩擦角 约为31°,黏聚力约为0.1 MPa,且该岩石具有明显的流变特征。在流变试验的基础上,建立适合风化槽围岩特点的流变力学模型。其研究成果为海底隧道风化槽隧道围岩注浆加固和衬砌设计提供可靠依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
4.
以福建某坝基固结灌浆工程实例为研究对象,采用单孔、跨孔声波测试及地震波测试技术对灌浆前、后岩体纵波波速进行检测。采用弹性理论计算动弹性模量,研究灌浆前、后变形参数的变化;对Hoek-Brown准则进行修正,用波速计算Hoek-Brown准则的强度参数,研究灌浆前、后强度参数的变化。研究结果表明,固结灌浆效果受岩体本身的可灌性控制,并受岩体结构影响。不同方向的固结灌浆效果是不同的,对于强风化岩体,垂直向固结效果优于水平向;对于具有缓倾结构面的中风化岩体,水平向固结效果优于垂直向。动弹性模量提高率与波速提高率呈二次函数关系。强风化岩的m（为Hoek-Brown常数）和s（为与岩体质量有关的常数）值提高率与波速提高率均呈一次函数关系,中风化岩则均呈三次函数关系。研究成果对灌浆设计和施工有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
5.
To exactly implement the non-linear Hoek–Brown shear strength reduction in slope stability calculations, three aspects of the problem are considered. Firstly, the normal and shear stress relationship of the generalized Hoek–Brown criterion (2002 edition) is derived by introducing the Mohr–Coulomb instantaneous friction angle as a variable. Secondly, the instantaneous Mohr–Coulomb friction angle and cohesive strength are derived for a micro-unit at a given stress state and they can be used to describe the shear strength of the rock mass under different stress states. Finally, the implementation of the non-linear shear strength reduction is described and a slope example is selected to verify our method. This technique can be also applied to other non-linear failure criteria. 相似文献
6.
建基岩体开挖松弛及其形成的松弛带是水利水电工程中一种常见的现象,对建基岩体的岩体质量有重要的影响。建基岩体在开挖后必然产生新的爆破裂隙,同时伴随开挖卸荷、应力的释放,尽管岩体并未发生进一步风化,但因岩体发生松弛、卸荷,在浅表部形成松弛带,因此,确定松弛带厚度及其分布,更有效地对松弛、卸荷岩体进行处理具有重要的工程实际意义。本文在现场地质环境条件调查、原位声波测试及室内综合分析的基础上详细地对一重力坝层状建基岩体的松弛带厚度及其特征进行了研究,并分析了建基岩体产生深部松弛的原因,在此基础上分析了对建基岩体工程特性的影响,其成果对类似工程的坝基开挖实践具有指导作用。 相似文献
7.
Coupled THM processes in EDZ of crystalline rocks using an elasto-plastic cellular automaton 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Peng-Zhi Pan Xia-Ting Feng Xiao-Hua Huang Qiang Cui Hui Zhou 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1299-1311
This paper aims at a numerical study of coupled thermal, hydrological and mechanical processes in the excavation disturbed
zones (EDZ) around nuclear waste emplacement drifts in fractured crystalline rocks. The study was conducted for two model
domains close to an emplacement tunnel; (1) a near-field domain and (2) a smaller wall-block domain. Goodman element and weak
element were used to represent the fractures in the rock mass and the rock matrix was represented as elasto-visco-plastic
material. Mohr–Coulomb criterion and a non-associated plastic flow rule were adopted to consider the viscoplastic deformation
in the EDZ. A relation between volumetric strain and permeability was established. Using a self-developed EPCA2D code, the elastic, elasto-plastic and creep analyses to study the evolution of stress and deformations, as well as failure
and permeability evolution in the EDZ were conducted. Results indicate a strong impact of fractures, plastic deformation and
time effects on the behavior of EDZ especially the evolution of permeability around the drift. 相似文献
8.
The strength of frozen soils has been one of the most extensively studied aspects in frozen soil mechanics. When carrying
out deep excavations using freezing methods, high stress states are often encountered. Therefore, the strength of frozen soils
under high confining pressures is of major concern. This paper first reviews the present failure criteria for frozen soils,
especially with regard to the effect of confining pressure on the strength. It is suggested that the strength consists of
two components, cohesion and friction, and can be expressed by the Mohr–Coulomb criterion and in the framework of the Drucker–Prager
criterion. However, these two components are both dependent on the stress state. Duncan’s equation for the friction angle
is extended to frozen soils. A frozen Lanzhou fine sand is taken as study subject. The frozen sand is compressed at a high
strain rate under three different temperatures and under a wide range of confining pressure. Experimental results have confirmed
the generally recognized principle that the strength increases with the confining pressure up to certain value. Thereafter,
it decreases with continued increase in confining pressure. Experimental data from our own tests and literature are fitted
to the new criterion, which shows its validity. 相似文献
9.
The study of the creation and evolution of the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) in argillaceous rocks is a major issue for
the safety of nuclear wastes underground repositories. In this context, the argillaceous Tournemire site has provided a unique
opportunity to study the evolution of the EDZ with time thanks to the existence of three openings of different ages. A thorough
characterization of the EDZ has been conducted by different means such as visual observation, analysis of samples extracted
from drilled boreholes, EDZ permeability measurements, etc. On the basis of these measurements, a conceptual model of the
EDZ initiation and propagation at the Tournemire site has been proposed. In order to validate this model, numerical simulations
of increasing complexity have been carried out. In a first attempt, the response of the rock mass to the excavation phase,
followed by seasonal cyclic variations of temperature and relative humidity inside the opening, has been simulated by means
of a purely mechanical analysis, using a simple elastic material model. The EDZ has been estimated by post-processing the
calculated stress states, using a Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. The results obtained show that no EDZ could be predicted
unless adopting a low cohesion value for the rock mass. Moreover, the deferred nature of the EDZ formation in Tournemire could
not be reproduced. These limitations have then been suppressed by using a coupled viscoplastic-damaging mechanical model,
the parameters of which have been identified from different laboratory experiments. With this model, a time evolution of the
EDZ could be predicted, but the EDZ pattern could not match the one observed in situ. Finally, in view of the importance of
the hydraulic couplings, unsaturated hydro-mechanical calculations have been carried out to investigate the effect of the
numerous seasonal variations cycles and the resulting shrinkage. 相似文献
10.
Numerical Analyses of the Influence of Blast-Induced Damaged Rock Around Shallow Tunnels in Brittle Rock 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Most of the railway tunnels in Sweden are shallow-seated (<20 m of rock cover) and are located in hard brittle rock masses.
The majority of these tunnels are excavated by drilling and blasting, which, consequently, result in the development of a
blast-induced damaged zone around the tunnel boundary. Theoretically, the presence of this zone, with its reduced strength
and stiffness, will affect the overall performance of the tunnel, as well as its construction and maintenance. The Swedish
Railroad Administration, therefore, uses a set of guidelines based on peak particle velocity models and perimeter blasting
to regulate the extent of damage due to blasting. However, the real effects of the damage caused by blasting around a shallow
tunnel and their criticality to the overall performance of the tunnel are yet to be quantified and, therefore, remain the
subject of research and investigation. This paper presents a numerical parametric study of blast-induced damage in rock. By
varying the strength and stiffness of the blast-induced damaged zone and other relevant parameters, the near-field rock mass
response was evaluated in terms of the effects on induced boundary stresses and ground deformation. The continuum method of
numerical analysis was used. The input parameters, particularly those relating to strength and stiffness, were estimated using
a systematic approach related to the fact that, at shallow depths, the stress and geologic conditions may be highly anisotropic.
Due to the lack of data on the post-failure characteristics of the rock mass, the traditional Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion
was assumed and used. The results clearly indicate that, as expected, the presence of the blast-induced damage zone does affect
the behaviour of the boundary stresses and ground deformation. Potential failure types occurring around the tunnel boundary
and their mechanisms have also been identified. 相似文献
11.
This paper describes the results of the engineering geological investigations and rock mechanics studies carried out at the proposed Uru
Dam site. Analyses were carried out in terms of rock mass classifications for diversion tunnel, kinematic analysis of excavation slopes, permeability of the dam foundation and determination of rock mass strength parameters.Uru
Dam is a rock-filled dam with upstream concrete slab. The dam will be built on the Suveri River in the central part of Turkey. The foundation rocks are volcanic rocks, which consist of andesite, basalt and tuff of Neogene Age. Studies were carried out both at the field and the laboratory. Field studies include engineering geological mapping, intensive discontinuity surveying, core drilling, pressurized water tests and sampling for laboratory testing.Uniaxial, triaxial and tensile strength tests were performed and deformation parameters, unit weight and porosity were determined on the intact rock specimens in the laboratory. Rock mass strength and modulus of elasticity of rock mass are determined using the Hoek–Brown empirical strength criterion. Rock mass classifications have been performed according to RMR and Q systems for the diversion tunnel.Engineering geological assessment of the proposed dam and reservoir area indicated that there will be no foundation stability problems. Detailed geotechnical investigations are required for the final design of the dam. 相似文献
12.
The original Hoek–Brown failure criterion was first introduced in 1980. Since then, it has been further developed and used
in different rock mechanics applications. The main advantage of the Hoek–Brown criterion is that its input data are determined
from the uniaxial compressive strength, mineralogy and structural properties of the rock. However, its application in the
petroleum industry has been limited, partly because it does not take account of the intermediate principal stress in a three-dimensional
stress state. In 2005, Priest introduced comprehensive and simplified versions of a new three-dimensional Hoek–Brown yield
criterion, which was developed by combining the two-dimensional Hoek–Brown and three-dimensional Drucker–Prager criteria.
Until now, direct analytical solutions have not been developed to solve the governing equations and numerical solution strategies
have been applied. This paper presents and validates an explicit solution for the comprehensive three-dimensional Hoek–Brown
yield criterion, which can be combined with numerical stress modelling codes. 相似文献
13.
厦门翔安隧道是国内修建的第一条海底隧道,其相关勘察、设计以及施工经验和工程总结材料将对国内其他海底隧道的建设具有十分重要的借鉴作用。与山岭隧道相比,需要解决的岩体力学与隧道工程结构设计等方面的问题不尽相同,存在不少现行规范未能涵盖而又亟待在设计中予以明确回答的问题。根据厦门翔安海底隧道风化槽强风化花岗岩的室内应力-渗流耦合试验成果,建立了强风化花岗岩的应变硬化的弹塑性模型和黏聚力演化方程,通过反演确定了模型的力学参数。研究表明,提出的应变硬化的弹塑性模型能合理地反映强风化花岗岩的力学特性,其成果具有很好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
14.
岩体与岩石的力学强度之间既有内在联系又存在明显的差异,场地岩石力学指标对于评价场地岩体的力学特性至关重要。以三门核电场地为研究对象,在室内岩石力学试验的基础上,结合野外地质调查,综合考虑岩体结构特征和应力分布状态等因素的影响,引入定量描述岩体结构特征和风化程度的地质强度指标（GSI）,采用Hoek Brown强度准则估计岩体力学参数,同时与岩体地质力学分类法（RMR）计算得到的岩体力学参数进行对比分析。基于GSI的Hoek-Brown法得到的中等风化凝灰质砂岩、微风化凝灰质砂岩和微风化安山玄武岩岩体的c值分别为4.03、6.20、6.10 MPa,φ值分别为31.96°、34.37°和33.87°。基于RMR评分的Hoek-Brown法得到的c值分别为4.42、6.44、7.24 MPa,φ值分别为28.92°、32.43°和34.51°。研究结果表明,采用Hoek-Brown准则确定的核电场地岩体力学强度指标比较合理,得到的岩体力学指标可以作为核电站基础设计的重要依据。 相似文献
15.
L. Zhang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(6):893-915
Summary Although the Hoek–Brown strength criterion has been widely used in rock mechanics and rock engineering, it does not take account
of the influence of the intermediate principal stress. Much evidence, however, has been accumulating to indicate that the
intermediate principal stress does influence the rock strength in many instances. Therefore, researchers have developed three-dimensional
(3D) versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion. In this paper, three existing 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion
are reviewed and evaluated. The evaluation shows that all of the three 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion have
limitations. To address the limitations, a generalized 3D Hoek–Brown criterion is proposed by modifying the generalized Hoek–Brown
strength criterion. The proposed 3D criterion not only inherits the advantages of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion but can
take account of the influence of the intermediate principal stress. At a 2D stress state (triaxial or biaxial), the proposed
3D criterion will simply reduce to the form of the generalized Hoek–Brown strength criterion. To validate the proposed 3D
strength criterion, polyaxial or true triaxial compression test data of intact rocks and jointed rock masses has been collected
from the published literature. Predictions of the proposed generalized 3D Hoek–Brown strength criterion are in good agreement
with the test data for a range of different rock types. The difference of the proposed generalized 3D Hoek–Brown strength
criterion from and its advantages over the existing 3D versions of the Hoek–Brown strength criterion are also discussed. It
should be noted that the proposed 3D criterion is empirical in nature because it is an extension of the 2D Hoek–Brown strength
criterion, which is empirical. Because of the non-convexity of the yield surface for a biaxial stress state, the proposed
3D criterion may have problems with some stress paths.
Correspondence: L. Zhang, Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
85721, USA 相似文献
16.
王宇飞 《地质灾害与环境保护》2010,21(2):40-43,63
喜河水电站坝型为混凝土重力坝,重力坝对地基岩体的抗剪强度有较高的要求。前期勘查成果表明喜河水电站坝址区存在较多的缓倾角结构面,缓倾角结构面的存在是影响坝基抗滑稳定的关键,因此要对坝基作出抗滑稳定性评价。首先要研究坝址区缓倾角结构面的分布规律及连通情况,通过对坝址区缓倾角结构面的综合分析研究提出合理的坝基岩体的综合抗剪强度。 相似文献
17.
The application of variations in the earth's gravity in groundwater exploration on a regional scale, especially in sedimentary
basins, metamorphic terrains, valley fills, and for buried alluvial channels, is well established. However, its use in hard
crystalline rocks is little known. In granite, for example, the upper weathered layer is a potential primary aquifer, and
the underlying fractured rock can form a secondary aquifer. Fracturing and weathering increases the porosity of a rock, thereby
reducing the bulk density. Changes in gravity anomalies of 0.1–0.7 mGal for granites, due to weathering or variations in lithology,
can be detected.
To test the use of gravity as a groundwater exploration tool for crystalline rocks, a gravity survey of the peninsular shield
granites underlying Osmania University Campus, Hyderabad, India, was undertaken. At the site, gravity anomalies reflect variations
in the lithology and in the thickness of weathered zones. These anomalies also define the position of intrusives and lineaments.
Areas of more deeply weathered granite that contain wells of higher groundwater yield are represented by negative gravity
values. In the weathered zone, well yield has an inverse relation to the magnitudes of residual gravity. The study confirms
the feasibility of gravity as a tool for groundwater exploration in crystalline rocks.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
18.
软硬相间层状复杂岩体综合变形模量原位试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
某拟建大型电站坝基岩体为一套河湖相沉积岩,包含了砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩等多种岩性岩体。不同岩体变形参数各异,常规变形试验只能获得单一岩性岩体的变形模量,而这种软硬相间层状复杂岩体的综合变形模量是与单一岩性岩体变形模量、岩层倾角、岩层厚度多个因素相关的,如何通过试验获得这种复杂组合岩体的综合变形模量是一个重要问题。本文首先对坝址区不同岩性所占的比例进行了详细的统计,获得砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩的厚度比为6:2.5:1.5,根据这一统计结果在坝轴线附近选择含有砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩三种岩体的大型变形试验区,将承压板尺寸设定为200cm37cm,承压板就能同时覆盖砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩三种岩体,且将其厚度比确定为6:2.5:1.5。通过在承压板上施加大荷载（250余吨）将应力传至下部多层岩体,从而获得软硬相间层状复杂岩体的综合变形模量。试验结果表明坝基弱下风化岩体的综合变形模量可达到7.0GPa,已经满足筑坝的要求。通过原位试验成功地论证了坝基岩体综合变形模量量值的问题。
相似文献
19.
探地雷达在岩土工程中的应用 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
介绍了探地雷达在岩土工程中的实际应用领域及推广应用前景,在岩土工程施工检测中,如特殊地层的桩基施工中遇到的花岗岩风化孤石,隐伏奇异岩溶,地下古旧建筑基础影响桩基设计及施工;桩周空洞引起大量涌水及漏浆,造成桩基施工困难,软土强夯加固改良中的抛镇块石及块石土强夯质量检控问题等,探地雷达都是可为提供有效服务。 相似文献