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1.
Rafael D. Guerrero III 《GeoJournal》1996,40(1-2):69-72
Laguna de Bay is the largest lake in the Philippines bordering metropolitan Manila, the nation's capital and the industrial hub of the country. As a multiple-use resource the lake is of prime importance for its fisheries, as a transport route and as a water source for the cooling of industrial plants and for irrigation. The lake is also envisaged to supply the domestic water needs of the basin in the year 2000. With rapid urbanization, industrial development and deforestation of its watershed, Laguna de Bay has been stressed with sedimentation, overexploitation of its fisheries and pollution. Various management strategies have been adopted by government to address such human impacts. Among the major programs are the installation of a hydraulic control structure, implementation of a zoning and management plan and the formulation of a master plan. There is need for an integrated approach for the management of the Laguna de Bay basin for its sustainable development. 相似文献
2.
The Canadian marine fisheries are presently in the midst of a grave crisis. On both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, fish stocks have been depleted through overfishing. Fish habitats are being damaged or permanently destroyed through industrial development. Gross overcapacity exists in both the primary and secondary sectors of the fishing industry, which is primarily attributable to the common property status of the resource. Many fishermen and processors have been or are in states of near bankruptcy as increasing energy costs, high product inventories and market weakness have crippled operations. A lack of alternative employment opportunities for many participants coupled with a high regional and community dependence on depressed resource-based industries has confounded attempts by government to introduce measures leading to more rational fisheries management. The outcome has been a strategy characterized as ‘incremental ad hocery’. Major inquiries were conducted into both the Atlantic and Pacific fisheries in the early 1980s. Conflict between and among the federal and provincial governments, various sectors of the commercial fishery, Indian and recreational usergroups, fishery interests and other industries, as well as Canada and other nations, has made it difficult to implement needed reforms. Stock and habitat maintainence and improvement; user regulations, coupled with tenure rights for fishermen; and marketing research and promotion are accepted as key components of any long-run fishery management strategy. In the short-run, the need is to develop approaches that are implementable in the context of diverse conflicting and vested interests. 相似文献
3.
Living resources in estuarine systems have been so intensively harvested that many fisheries are severely depleted at a time when demand for these resources is rising. In addition, multiple use demands on estuaries often conflict, leaving unresolved management questions. With the movement of the population to the coastal regions, conflicts among uses and users of estuarine resources are increasing. Aquaculture offers one means to reconcile the conflicting demands for use of the estuarine resource. Yet, the nation has few, if any new policy or management approaches to address these conflicts. Management on the level of the watershed is one effective tool that should be more effectively used. Involvement of the full range of stakeholders or user groups in policy setting and management options has brought remarkable success in a small number of cases where this approach has been used. The nation will need to develop other tools and approaches if estuaries are to be restored and protected as protected as planned in federal, regional, and state laws and initiatives. 相似文献
4.
This paper attempts to overcome the dichotomy between the broadly different and largely separate fisheries science and management (FSM) and ecosystem science and management (ESM) knowledge systems that characterise the international literature and are found in fisheries management practice in different countries. The paper argues that the construction of a heuristic we term the fisheries problematic, around issues and contexts, reveals the breadth of international fisheries management concerns and the variety of contexts in which these concerns are being faced. Adopting a political economy informed nature-society approach the paper considers ecological and socio-economic processes in their institutional settings in an attempt to shift from the either/or arguments around fish or ecosystems found in the FSM or ESM literatures to investigation that is grounded in understandings of the historically and geographically specific trajectories of fisheries related interactions and understandings of how knowledge about the trajectories and their interactions is fashioned. Drawing on recent conceptual innovations in the field, the paper develops a matrix-centred approach to explore ecological, industry, community and policy domains in New Zealand’s Quota Management System (QMS) and Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) fisheries management regime. The extended framework prioritises scrutiny of the interaction amongst the four domains, as a strategy to help develop institutional frameworks that facilitate behaviours that are societally inclusive. The paper offers three conclusions. First, the landscape of New Zealand fisheries issues is very much a product of the contingent interaction of the QMS, a management regime designed around the principles of a FSM approach and laid down in a neo-liberal political environment and Maori aspirations encompassing the fisheries sector. Second, the conceptual mapping of FSM and ESM perspectives over New Zealand’s fisheries management experience highlights that a number of management issues have been down played by the commitment to FSM, a situation that has led to on-going tensions between commercial, recreational and customary stakeholders regarding fisheries management. Put another way, there is more to running a sustainable fishery (as defined in the Fisheries Act 1996) than QMS and other tools and dialogue about the development of these should be a priority. Third and more generally, improved dialogue on fisheries questions is likely to be most expeditiously advanced by studies that explicitly conceptualise and contextualise ecological and socio-economic processes and their institutional arrangements. 相似文献
5.
Daniel D.P. McCarthy Graham S. Whitelaw Scott Anderson Donald Cowan Fred McGarry Anthony Robins Holly L. Gardner Christine D. Barbeau Nadia A. Charania Zachariah General Jeff Liedtke Celine Sutherland Paulo Alencar Leonard J.S. Tsuji 《Geoforum》2012,43(2):305-314
The remote First Nation (FN) communities of the Mushkegowuk Territory on the west coast of James Bay, Ontario, Canada are currently facing increased development pressures and the imposition of a government land use planning process. The land use planning process is mandated in the Far North Act (received Royal Assent on September 23, 2010). There is a need for capacity enhancement for community-based natural resource planning and management in the Territory. A number of frameworks are emerging for addressing change brought on by resource development and building resilience to such change at the community level. Among these include the concept of adaptive capacity. In collaboration with FN community leaders, we explored the use of “collaborative geomatics” tools to foster adaptive capacity. Our action research suggests that collaborative geomatics technologies should enhance the Mushkegowuk First Nations’ adaptive capacity to address environmental and policy change by allowing them to collect and manage data collaboratively (e.g., traditional environmental knowledge, western science) to create opportunities for innovative community development, including natural resource development and management. 相似文献
6.
J. U. Abot Dr. 《GeoJournal》1984,9(4):369-376
The indispensability of good water supply in the development of a healthy citizenry and consequently its economy is very well known. In Nigeria the last drought that affected areas north of 12oN has awakened some awareness on the need for good water resource management. Most of the scarce food items in the market are caused by lack of irrigation and total relying on the rhythm of the rain for their cultivation.In this paper the government is reminded of its obligation in the inauguration of a national water resource management (control and usage) policy that will result in integrated development. Water supply in the rural areas will not attract industries, improve agricultural output, but reduce the incidence of water-borne diseases and the rate of rural-urban migration. Improvement in living standards due to good water supply means the development of human capital that can be mobilized for economic development in the country. 相似文献
7.
B. R. Jha H. Waidbacher S. Sharma M. Straif 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2005,2(2):147-153
Size structure data particularly that of length and weight is very important fisheries management tool, which is also applied to assess the health, habitat and integrity of the rivers. Nepal is tremendously rich in both fisheries and water resource and thus, this analysis is very important. However, this kind of analysis is not common in fisheries studies and hence the size structure information of all the fish in Nepal is wanting. This study simply tries to open the door for such studies with the study of the sucker head Garra gotyla gotyla, a very common fish in Nepal. The field observation was done in nine rivers of the country in all the seasons of the 2003 by using electrofishing gear. The length-weight relationship was found to vary both spatially and temporally among rivers and seasons respectively indicating different conditions in different rivers. The length weight relationship also showed some interesting facts about the seasonal cycle of the species indicating the period of growth and stress in different rivers. The monsoon event was found to be highly influential in this relationship. 相似文献
8.
Liza Griffin 《Geoforum》2010,41(2):282-292
This paper explores a series of maxims, widely known in policy and academic circles as the ‘principles of good governance’, which state that policymaking in the European Union (EU) should be participatory, conducted as close to citizens as practicable, transparent, accountable, effective and coherent. These maxims were introduced into EU fisheries management as part of a radical reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) in 2002. This reform was instituted in response to criticisms of a prevailing management regime alleged to be inefficient, undemocratic, and potentially responsible for an environmental crisis: the exhaustion of key fish stocks. The research for this work has found that there are limits to the actual achievement of good governance in EU fisheries. In practice governance innovations are very often contradictory and rife with tensions. I reason that such problems result not merely from policy implementation failures; they constitute a more endemic feature of the CFP reforms. We can begin to understand these limits to good governance principles by looking to Agamben’s permanent state of exception thesis. Agamben’s theory helps to show how these contradictions and tensions occur under new governance regimes, because the relationship between democratic norms (like good governance) and political power is no longer clear. I argue that this blurring has been exploited by groups seeking influence in these new regimes. They do this through citing a supposed need for emergency measures to mitigate crisis. Although this research broadly supports the state of exception thesis, my analysis leads me to question some aspects of its application in contemporary governance spaces. 相似文献
9.
战略性矿产是国家资源宏观调控和的监督管理的重点对象, 加强战略性矿产研究、明确自身比较优势和薄弱环节。战略性非金属矿产是指对国家经济发展和国家安全至关重要的非金属矿产。建议将萤石、高纯石英、石墨、硼、金红石、硅藻土、叶蜡石、石榴子石、金刚石、泥炭、重晶石等11种非金属矿产为战略性非金属矿产, 对其重要性及用途、资源供需形势等进行研究, 为国家制定勘查投入规划及制定矿业发展政策提供参考。对于完善全国矿产资源规划中的战略性矿产资源目录、为国家相关产业政策制定提供借鉴参考具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
The prohibiting grazing policy (PGP) of the government “one size fits all” achieved certain effects, but also brought a series of issues. This article used a case study in the middle north of China to focus on the comparative study of three different degrees of illegal livestock grazing management patterns formed after PGP. The causes and characteristics of the illegal behavior and the impact to grassland ecosystem, social, and economic system were studied. The results showed that resource endowments and interest driven were the main causes for illegal grazing. The eco-economic analysis of “continuous grazing” pattern was poor, whereas the “breeding zone” and “barn feeding” pattern were relatively good. Grassland use still has great potential, and management patterns need to change. 相似文献
11.
During the last several decades, harmful algal bloom (HAB) events have been observed in more locations than ever before throughout the United States. Scientists have identified a larger number of algal species involved in HABs, more toxins have been uncovered, and more fisheries resources have been affected. Whether this apparent increase in HAB events is a real phenomenon or is the result of increased sampling and monitoring is a topic of intense discussions within the scientific community. We also have an inchoate understanding of the reasons for the apparent increase, particularly concerning the role of anthropogenic nutrient loadings as a causal factor. Whatever the reasons, virtually all coastal regions of the U.S. are now regarded as potentially subject to a wide variety and increased frequency of HABs. It is important to begin to understand the scale of the economic costs to society of such natural hazards. It is a common, but not yet widespread, practice for resource managers and scientists in many localities to develop rough estimates of the economic effects of HAB events in terms of lost sales in the relevant product or factor markets, expenditures for medical treatments, environmental monitoring and management budgets, or other types of costs. These estimates may be invoked in policy debates, often without concern about how they were developed. Although such estimates are not necessarily good measures of the true costs of HABs to society, they may help to measure the scale of losses and be suggestive of their distribution across political jurisdictions or industry sectors. With adequate interpretation, our thinking about appropriate policy responses may be guided by these estimates. Here we compile disparate estimates of the economic effects of HABs for events in the U.S. where such effects were measured during 1987–1992. We consider effects of four basic types: public health, commercial fisheries, recreation and tourism, and monitoring and management. We discuss many of the issues surrounding the nature of these estimates, their relevance as measures of the social costs of natural hazards, and their potential for comparability and aggregation into a national estimate. 相似文献
12.
Canada is a typical maritime country, fisheries economic prosperity and marine sustainable development have been the main management and research work. From two perspectives of research literatures and latest strategic plans, this paper studied the ocean research priorities and hot trends of Canada. The study found that the marine science and technology in Canada focuses on marine populations and ecosystems, protection of the marine environment and species, marine monitoring and data information, marine technology and management tools, Climate change and arctic research, deep-sea material energy and driving mechanisms. In the future, Canada will continue further study on arctic research, global warming, ecosystem monitoring, deep-sea exploration, marine new energy and new technologies. In summary, Canada’s research situations and development trends may provide a useful reference to China’s development of the marine industry. 相似文献
13.
《国务院关于加强地质工作的决定》为地质工作的发展提供了良好的社会氛围,对其多元化投入步伐将加快,工作领域将进一步拓宽,人才培养、装备更新力度可望加大,长期困扰地勘工作发展的政策问题有望逐步得到解决。这为地质工作发展提供了新的发展机遇与空间,同时地质工作尤其是化工地质行业也面临着市场化管理,地勘单位企业化挑战,体制上的挑战及矿种比较优势不强的挑战。贯彻、落实好决定需要有相应的配套政策;对地勘单位而言,应找准定位,利用好政策寻求发展。对化工地质队伍,更应增强了犹患意识,扎实做好主业,正确评估自身实力,搞好队伍建设及做好跟踪新理论、新技术,拓宽领域等一系列工作。 相似文献
14.
Kevin St. Martin 《Geoforum》2006,37(2):169-184
The discourse of fisheries science and management displaces community and culture from the essential economic dynamic of fisheries. The goal of this dominant discourse is to enclose fisheries, to constitute them as within the singular and hegemonic economy of capitalism. Alternative economies, such as those based on the presence of community, are always seen as either existing before or beyond the dominant economic formation. The category of community is, nevertheless, being incorporated into contemporary fisheries science and management where it has the potential to disrupt the ontological foundations of the current management regime. To avoid disruption, community is situated such that it is the domain of anthropology while the essential economic dynamic of fisheries remains the purview of fisheries bioeconomics. Community can be identified, documented, and analyzed but always only as a site of economic impact and never as a constituent of the economic itself. Curiously, this disciplining of community has a literal geographic dimension: the discursive domain of bioeconomics corresponds to the spatial domain of fisheries resources themselves while that of fisheries social science/anthropology corresponds to the terrestrial locations where fishers reside. Fishing ports become the place of community while the actual common property resource remains the site where the essential economic dynamic reigns uncompromised. 相似文献
15.
Michele Baggio 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(6):1816-1826
This article proposes a quantitative investigation of the claim that improving water quality does not yield rents in commercial fisheries that are inefficiently managed. Specifically, a combined model of the resource dynamics and fishing effort is used to investigate the effects of policy scenarios on water quality improvements on the American lobster fishery in Long Island Sound. Results indicate that short-run positive rents can be extracted from the lobster fishery even when inefficiently managed, but they dissipate in the long-run as suggested by the economic literature. 相似文献
16.
This paper takes a critical look at Nigeria's natural resource development and its management. Natural resources are examined in terms of their mineral or vegetable origin and of their renewable and non-renewable nature. Their industrial character and quality for stable economic development are examined. It is found that in spite of laudable agricultural development policy statements for improving the level and distribution of income as well as for providing a stable industrial and food resource base for the country, official actions and defaults have caused widespread loss of interest in agriculture amidst the euphoria of an oil boom. This has weakened the agricultural sector and its potential for foreign exchange earning and for promoting local industrialization. The dangers of indiscreet exploitation of oil and natural gas - non-renewable assets - are also considered. 相似文献
17.
Vision 2020: Towards an environmentally sound and sustainable development of freshwater resources in Malaysia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S. C. Ho 《GeoJournal》1996,40(1-2):73-84
Malaysia has a climate of high humidity, high temperature and abundant rainfall. Rivers supply about 97% of the country's total water needs while ground water accounts for the rest. About 40% of the treated water is lost through man-caused leakages. With a population of 18.3 million people, the total annual domestic, industrial and irrigation water demand is about 11.6 x 106 MI. This figure is projected to rise to 15.2 x 106 MI by year 2000. At present, the total daily water demand is about 4,979 MI and the production capacity is 6,513 MI. Water use and misuse now strain the nation's fragile aquatic environment and natural ecosystems. Current water resource management priorities include water quality improvement, river rehabilitation to restore over-channalized or polluted rivers and development of the inland fisheries potential especially in large man-made reservoirs. A River Basin Information System has been developed to provide integrated information on catchment characteristics, landuse, population and socio-economic profile, river flow, pollution sources, water quality classification, and aquatic biota. Vision 2020 challenges call for a long-term perspective in inland water resource management. Critical post-audits of largescale development and strategic research aimed at alternative and interacting patterns of landwater use are urgently needed. 相似文献
18.
19.
A Guugu Yimmithir Bam Wii: Ngawiya and Girrbithi: Hunting, planning and management along the Great Barrier Reef, Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Melissa Nursey-Bray 《Geoforum》2009,40(3):442-453
The integration of Indigenous cultural rights with biodiversity protection can be explored in multiple dimensions and occupy contested grounds. This paper outlines the results of a research project that applied discourse analysis as both a theoretical and methodological tool to examine the power and knowledge relations within a case study of the development of a turtle and dugong hunting management plan by the Hope Vale Aboriginal Community in northern Australia. This paper reports on the results of this analysis and shows how multiple binaries exist within and between the different actors in a resource management problem. Findings show that contested constructions of the environment are hugely influential to the success or failure of natural resource management endeavours. The ontological frames that are adopted in supporting Indigenous peoples to manage their land and seas must be understood, otherwise there is a risk of reinforcing the very binaries that need to be avoided. 相似文献
20.
依据近些年国际水文水资源学术会议及交流等信息,综述近年来社会可持续发展对水资源系统管理提出的新的挑战及国际上可持续水资源系统管理研究的若干特点等问题,提出了几点认识和建议。 相似文献