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1.
太湖五里湖表层沉积物中不同形态磷的分布特征 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
利用连续提取法(SEDEX)详细调查了太湖五里湖表层沉积物中不同形态磷的组成和分布特征。结果显示：其中磷的含量较高，受人为污染输入的影响较大，并且已经有了一定的释放。总磷的变化范围为2．05～4．05mg/g。平均约为2．80mg/g。总磷主要由无机磷组成(70％～90％)，大多数无机磷为CDB溶液提取的铁结合态磷(75％～85％)。CDB溶液的n(Fe)／n(P)都较小(2．0～5．3)。说明CDB溶液提取的铁主要是以无定形态存在的，并且铁与磷酸盐之间的吸附可能已经达到了平衡状态。除底部个别样品以外。多数样品n(Gorg)／n(Norg)较小(8．8～10．6)，所有样品的n(Gorg)／n(Porg)都较大(135～320)，表明沉积物在早期成岩作用过程中，湖泊内源自生有机质降解时有机磷优先释放。无机磷，特别是铁结合态磷，在氧化还原条件变化的情况下。能够通过沉积物一水体界面被再次释放到水体中去，这可能对湖泊的水体质量和营养状况有一定的影响。 相似文献
2.
长江河田及其上海岸带水体沉积物中磷的存在形态 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
讨论了磷的５种存在形态及其分布规律。河口及岸带水体沉积物中磷主要是以有机磷（ＯＰ）和无机磷（ＩＰ）形式存在的,有机磷是有机质的组成部分,无机磷又可分为可溶性磷（ＤＰ）、铁结合磷（Ｆｅ－Ｐ）、铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）、铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）、钙结合磷（Ｃａ－Ｐ）。研究发现,沉积物中总磷含量水平在６９２．７９～１５７０．９９μｇ／ｇ之间,无机磷含量在２２０．０２～９２８．３３μｇ／ｇ之间,占总磷含量的３１．８％～６０．５～,而有机磷含量在３９４．８９～６４２．６６μｇ／ｇ之间,为总磷含量的３９．５％～６８．２％。在分析水体喾物中各形态磷的含量和变化的基础上,对磷在时空上的变化,与有机碳、总氮的关系以及污水输入影响等进行了初步的论述,并提出沉积物中铁结合磷（Ｆｅ－Ｐ）和铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）可作为判断污染的指标之一。 相似文献
3.
采用连续提取化学分析技术，对密云水库的柱状沉积物和表层沉积物样品进行了磷形态的提取分析，研究了各种形态磷在表层及垂立方向上的分布特征。分析结果表明，密云水库沉积物中以无机磷为主，有机磷次之，无机磷占总磷的76．88％。95．09％。沉积物中总磷及其不同形态无机磷在垂直方向上的分布变化规律为：总磷、可溶态磷含量随深度增加而降低，Ca—P合量随深度增加而增加，Al—P和闭蓄态磷变化幅度不大，Fe—P、有机磷的垂直方向变化情况较复杂。潮、白河流域总磷与各形态磷在表层及垂直方向上的分布差异在一定程度上反映出近年来水库所受上游流域工业活动和人为污染的影响情况。 相似文献
4.
北京官厅水库沉积物-水界面磷的分布和迁移特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究官厅水库一个沉积物柱及上覆水体磷的含量和形态特征,指出水体中的磷以颗粒态为主,界面上覆水中磷以无机磷酸盐为主,孔隙水中以有机磷占优势;界面附近湖水中总溶解磷、总无机磷、正磷酸盐和有机磷酸盐从远离界面到界面逐渐升高,孔隙水中总溶解磷、总无机磷、正磷酸盐在界面下10 cm左右达到最大值,有机磷含量由界面向下有增加趋势;计算了沉积物-水界面磷的沉降和扩散通量,分别为1967.5μg/a@cm2和0.5μg/a@cm2,结合沉积物中矿物组成、磷与Fe、Mn、SO2-4的关系,探讨影响磷分布和迁移的影响因素. 相似文献
5.
永定河沉积物中磷的存在形态及其指示意义 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
采集官厅水库的永定河入库口附近沉积物,采集深度77cm,以1cm做为一个层位单元进行分割,测定其中11个层位的总磷,同时对这些层位沉积物中二钙结合态磷、八钙结合态磷、铝结合态磷、铁结合态磷进行连续分级提取,有机磷通过灼烧法测定,残留态磷由总磷与上述五种形态磷差减确定。结果显示:沉积物中总磷含量在580.3~1276.2μg/g,主要成分为无机磷,平均占总磷的比例为88%;残留态磷为沉积物中磷的主要形态,含量占总磷50%以上。在沉积物深度75~20cm的沉积年份中,永定河向官厅水库输送的残留态磷量不断增加,且增速逐渐加快,主要为水土侵蚀的产物。从沉积深度20cm以来的沉积年份里,总磷的输入量不断减少,但以二钙结合态磷为主的生物有效磷输入量随总磷的含量降低而持续增加,主要来自工业和生活污水,反映了官厅水库上游永定河流域内工业和生活污水排放所占的比重日益增加,成为官厅水库富营养化污染的主要来源,以致官厅水库富营养化的趋势增强。 相似文献
6.
采用7步连续浸提法对库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中磷的各种存在形态进行了分析测定，并对沙粒样进行了分级形态研究。结果表明：在库布齐沙漠响沙湾沙粒中总磷（TP）的含量为137．21～362．09μg／g，其主要成分为无机磷（IP），平均占TP的比例为94．60％；而有机磷（Or—P）的含量为7．88～19．12μg／g，平均占TP的5．40％。在所有不同粒度的沙样中，自生钙结合磷（Ca—P）含量最高，占TP的58．95％～80．05％，其次是原生碎屑磷（De—P）。占TP的8．13％～30．22％，二者占IP的绝大部分；其他各形态磷含量的高低顺序为：有机磷（Or—P）〉吸附态磷（Ads—P）〉铁结合态磷（Fe—P）〉闭蓄态磷（Obs—P）〉铝结合态磷（AI—P）。在所取沙漠颗粒物样中TP、Ca—P、De—P、Or—P、AI—P各自的含量都是随颗粒物粒度的减小而增大，而Ads—P含量则相反；Fe—P、Obs—P的含量受颗粒物粒度变化的影响不大。 相似文献
7.
采集了7组滇池近代沉积物柱芯,测定了其中总P(TP)、Fe、Al、Ca的含量,并首次获得了埋深大于25 cm的沉积物的不同形态磷的数据,分析了TP与不同形态磷的时空分布特征及TP与总Fe、Al、Ca含量的关系,探讨了滇池内源磷释放潜力的区域差异和制约因素。结果表明,自北向南,TP含量出现随深度先升高后降低的变化特征,各形态P之间的关系为:碎屑磷(DP)>有机磷(OP)≈铁结合态磷(Fe-P)>闭蓄态磷(Oc P)>钙结合态磷(Ca-P)>铝结合态磷(Al-P)>可交换态磷(SRP)。纵向上Fe-P随深度逐渐升高,Oc P逐渐降低,其它形态P的变化规律不明显;区域上TP、DP、OP、Fe-P、Ca-P和Al-P南部高于北部。在滇池南部DP通量较高的区域,TP与Fe、Al呈正相关关系,与Ca呈负相关关系,其它区域无相关性。分析表明,滇池南部内源磷的释放潜力大于中部和北部,而南部内源磷受DP输入的影响,风浪扰动对北部内源磷的释放有更强的抑制作用。 相似文献
8.
湖泊沉积物中三种磷提取方法比较 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
水体沉积物中磷的分级提取没有统一的方法,大多数的提取方法只对沉积物中无机磷(IP)进行了研究,有机磷(OP)是作为一个整体被研究,OP的形态尚不清楚。文章探讨了SMT法、Ivanoff法和Golterman法三种方法对湖泊沉积物中磷形态提取的特征,分析了各方法应用于IP和OP形态提取的联系和差别。结果表明SMT法提取的钙磷(Ca-P)是Golterman法提取Ca-P的16倍,Golerman法提取的铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)是SMT法提取的近3倍。从OP提取结果来看,Goterlman法>Ivanoff法>SMT法,Golterman法和Ivanoff法提取的酸可提取有机磷相差较大,其他形态OP含量则相当。研究结果对于沉积物磷形态分析提取方法的合理选择具有指导意义。 相似文献
9.
河流输送是受纳水体中磷的主要来源,不同水文条件对其输送有很大影响。选择巢湖典型入湖河流丰乐和柘皋,在不同水文条件下,即非洪水期（丰乐和柘皋）、洪水涨水段（丰乐）与退水段（柘皋）对河水和沉积物进行分布式采样,测定磷的不同形态。其中,河水测定总磷（TP）和可溶性磷（DP）,沉积物测定总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）、铁铝磷（Fe/AL-P）和钙磷（Ca-P）。结果表明：非洪水期丰乐和柘皋河河水和沉积物中TP含量均为柘皋河高于丰乐河,两河都存在着富营养化风险,两河沉积物IP含量都显著高于OP。IP中,柘皋河Fe/Al-P含量略高于Ca-P,丰乐河相反。洪水涨水期,丰乐河河水TP和DP含量显著高于其非洪水期含量,沉积物不同形态磷均值含量较非洪水期略有降低,表明洪水涨水段降雨径流对不同来源磷冲刷、输送和泛起作用;洪水退水期,柘皋河河水TP和DP含量低于其非洪水期含量,河道沉积物不同形态磷均值含量较非洪水期有所升高,表明在退水段以稀释和沉淀作用为主。 相似文献
10.
西南天山马达尔地区硅质岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西南天山马达尔地区乌帕塔尔坎群硅质岩与玄武岩以逆冲断层接触产出,但其时代缺乏依据。本次研究的硅质岩中含有放射虫,经鉴定时代为D3—C1。11件硅质岩样品的SiO2含量为88.80%～93.28%,Al2O3含量为2.02%～3.72%,其中只有4件样品为纯硅质岩(SiO2的含量为91.0%～99.8%),所有样品的SiO2/Al2O3值(23.84～46.11)远低于纯硅质岩(SiO2/Al2O3=80～1400),表明其含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物。Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)=0.57～0.72,Ce/Ce*=0.90～1.21,显示出生物沉积硅质岩的特点。此外,其Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)=0.64～0.77,V含量为10.92×10-6～26.70×10-6,Cu含量为2.15×10-6～34.10×10-6,Ti/V=25.53～44.93,∑REE为30.78×10-6～59.26×10-6,平均值为45.46×10-6,(La/Yb)N=0.88～1.33,平均值为1.09,(La/Ce)N=0.81～1.12,介于洋盆沉积物和大陆边缘沉积物之间,反映其沉积环境为接近陆源的深水-半深水的沉积环境。Ceanom值均大于-0.1,为-0.06～0.08,并且出现Eu的负异常,推测岩石沉积时水体贫氧。结合区域地质特征推测,乌帕塔尔坎群硅质岩形成于南天山洋盆闭合期的小洋盆。 相似文献
11.
通过现场调查和室内实验,对平水期洞庭湖24个断面上覆水-沉积物磷的污染程度、分布特征进行研究;同时,分析了各形态磷间的相关性,探讨了磷的赋存形态对水体富营养化的影响、沉积物释放量和释放风险。结果表明,水体内总磷分布规律为南洞庭西洞庭东洞庭大通湖,东洞庭湖以颗粒态磷为主,西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖、大通湖均以溶解态磷、无机磷为主。沉积物中总磷的分布规律为南洞庭西洞庭东洞庭大通湖。东洞庭湖、西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖则以Ca-P为主,大通湖以Fe/Al-P为主。Ca-P与Fe/Al-P呈现较显著的负相关关系。大通湖释放风险较大,可释放量大;东洞庭湖有一定的可释放量,应对这两个湖泊给予较多的关注。与国内其他湖泊比较,洞庭湖沉积物中TP处于中下水平,IP在沉积物中占据较高比例。湖区沉积物中Fe/Al-P与水体中DIP、DTP、TP均具有较显著的负相关关系,存在磷的内源释放。 相似文献
12.
Zhenying Liu Zhaohui Jin Yawei Li Tielong Li Jiujun Gu Si Gao 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(5):997-1005
Sediment phosphorus (P) fractions and profile distribution at submerged macrophyte growth zone, emergent macrophyte growth
zone and open-water zone were studied in Wuliangsuhai Lake, China, as well as the correlations among water content, grain
size, and organic matter and P fractions. Among the three surveyed zones, the highest concentrations of most P forms occurred
in the surface sediment and the lowest between a depth of 12 and 22 cm, except HCl-P and NaOH-P. Sediment phosphorus was mainly
associated to inorganic forms (>50%) in three surveyed areas, and the highest value of inorganic phosphorus (IP) in the surface
sediment was obtained from submerged macrophyte growth zone. Submerged and emergent macrophytes increased the IP content by
107 and 44 μg/g, respectively, in the surface sediment compared with open-water zone. Vertical profiles of IP in the three
surveyed zones showed that the concentrations decreased from surface to 12 cm depth and then increased. There was a similar
trend in the sediment profiles of organic phosphorus (OP) and total phosphorus (TP), but the highest concentration of OP and
TP in surface sediment was obtained from the emergent macrophyte growth zone. Compared with open-water zone, the emergent
macrophyte increased TP content in surface sediment by 1.73 times to 1,320 μg/g, while submerged macrophyte enhanced TP content
in the surface sediment by 1.13 times to 865 μg/g. It was observed that in macrophyte growth zones, a strong linear correlation
existed between organic matter and OP (r > 0.98), and the maximum concentrations of OP were present in the areas with maximum concentrations of organic matter. Results
show that, although rooted macrophyte could uptake directly P from sediments, it is responsible for increasing the internal
P loading especially OP by reducing current velocities, attenuating wave energy and generating organic residue in Wuliangsuhai
Lake. 相似文献
13.
Spatial variations and distributions of phosphorus and nitrogen in bottom sediments from a typical north-temperate lake,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Dekun Hou Jiang He Changwei Lü Shengwang Dong Jinghua Wang Zhilei Xie Fujin Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(7):3063-3079
Concentrations and vertical distributions of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and their different forms in sediments obtained from nine locations of Lake Dalinouer in September 2008 were analyzed. The results demonstrated that TP in surface sediments ranged from 0.493 to 0.904 g/kg, and inorganic phosphorus was the main fraction of total phosphorus, ranging from 335 to 738 mg/kg. Simultaneously, the autogenetic calcium phosphorus (ACa-P) was the main fraction of inorganic phosphorus, ranging from 145.4 to 543.2 mg/kg. Vertical distribution of different phosphorus forms in different sediment cores was distinguishing, and most of them tended to increase toward the surface sediment, indicated that the phosphorus concentration was related to the humanity with a certain extent. The relationships between TP and occluded phosphorus and ACa-P were significant. Nitrogen in the sediment was composed mainly of organic nitrogen, accounting for grater than 80 % of TN. NO3 ?-N was the dominate fraction of inorganic nitrogen in the surface sediment, ranging between 51 and 346 mg/kg (151.1 ± 104.4 mg/kg), and accounting for between 2.2 and 17.7 % of total sediment nitrogen (6.2 ± 5.6 %). The ratio of organic carbon and TN in sediment was in range of 6.0–25.8 and presented a tendency of lake centre >lake sides, indicating that nitrogen accumulated in the sediments from lake sides came mainly from terrestrial source and nitrogen was mainly autogenetic in lake centre. Ratio of N:P in all sampling sites was below 14, indicated that N was the limiting nutrient for algal growth in this lake. 相似文献
14.
通过LL-4孔沉积环境指标研究表明,近100年来龙感湖地区人类活动加强,导致营养元素磷、碳、氮以及铁在沉积物中的浓度均呈增长趋势,特别是1950年以来,随着大量人口的迁入,围湖造田、破坏湖滨湿地等造成水土流失加剧,沉积物质量累积速率加快,同时营养元素累积量急剧增加。根据营养元素与参比元素Al, Fe和Ti之间的关系,以及不同营养元素之间的相互关系,人类活动引起的累积量得以从自然背景上区分出来,结合沉积物质量累积速率计算,人类活动引起的磷、有机碳和氮的累积通量分别在151.0~889.4mg/m2a,4.3~149.0g/m2a和0.5~18.6g/m2a间变化。碎屑物质的累积稀释了沉积物中营养盐的富集浓度,龙感湖草型湖泊的特点,使湖泊沉积环境易于呈氧化环境,生物和地球化学作用,也削弱了人类活动累积营养盐的变化幅度,使沉积中营养盐呈平稳上升的趋势。 相似文献
15.
16.
对崇明东滩采集的表层样和柱状样品，进行样品的总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)和有机磷(OP)以及有机质含量等的测定，分析了磷的分布变化特征并对其影响因素和环境意义进行了探讨。 相似文献
17.
Todd Kuiken 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(6):1349-1357
The Daliao river system in China has been seriously affected by long-term intensive industrial, urban and agricultural activities.
The objectives of this study were to determine the total phosphorus (TP) content and forms of phosphate in the sediments and
investigate geochemical relationships between P forms and sediment mineral phases. Twenty-seven samples of surface sediments
were collected and analyzed for P and major elements. Chemical forms of phosphate in the sediments were measured by sequential
selective extraction method. Results indicate that TP in the sediments of the Daliao river system averaged 703 mg kg−1, in the range from 206 to 1,342 mg kg−1. The sediments in the tributaries and near cities contained high TP, due to discharge of municipal and industrial effluents.
The distribution of phosphate in the various mineral phases followed the order: Ca-P > RES-P > RS-P > Fe-P > Al-P > S/L-P
for the Hun river and Taizi river, and Ca-P > Fe-P > RES-P > RS-P > Al-P > S/L-P for the Daliao river. Fe and Ca contents
in the sediments were positively correlated to Fe associated P (Fe-P and RS-P) and Ca-P, respectively. In addition, sediment
organic matter, Fe and Ca contents were positively correlated to TP in the sediments. However, Al content was not correlated
to Al-P or TP in the sediments. Generally, the sediments contaminated by effluents and in tidal zone contained more bioavailable
P. Possible release of P from these sediments to overlying water might pose potential risk on estuarine eutrophication. 相似文献
18.
Ammonium release characteristics of the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Juan Wang Shengrui Wang Xiangcan Jin Shuquan Zhu Fengchang Wu 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(1):37-45
Ammonium release from sediments has significant effects on the water quality in eutrophic lakes. In this study, the ammonium
release kinetics and adsorption–desorption processes were investigated in 13 sediments of 6 shallow lakes from the middle
and lower reaches of Yangtze River region, China. The results show that First Order Model best described the ammonium release
process, the maximal release capacity had a strong correlation with organic matter (OM), cationic exchange capacity (CEC),
total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). But it only had a weak correlation with Fe, Ca and Al. The ammonium release
capacity in more polluted sediments was higher than that in less polluted sediments. The average release rate within 0–5 min
was the highest among the experimental period, the amount released within 0–5 min accounted for approximately 50–70% of the
total release capacity. The ammonium release rate had a significant and positive correlation with OM. But it did not have
a strong correlation with TN, TP, Fe, Ca and Al. The ammonium potential release capacity (obtained when the water/sediment
ratio was about 2,500) had strong and positive relation with OM and maximal release capacity, and it may provide useful information
for the sediment release risk assessment. Henry Model best described the ammonium sorption isotherms, and ammonium adsorption–desorption
equilibrium concentration can be considered as the ammonium release threshold to assess the release risk in the sediments. 相似文献
19.
Organic carbon,phosphorus and nitrogen in surface sediments of the marine-coastal region north and south of the Paria Peninsula,Venezuela 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen content of silt and clay fractions of surface sediments from the marine-coastal
region north and south of the Paria Peninsula (PP) were quantified. Organic carbon concentrations (Corg) were determined by
dry combustion after decarbonation with 10% hydrochloric acid, and total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). This information
was then used to produce maps of the iso-concentrations of the distribution of these elements in the sub-marine continental
shelf north of the PP and in the Gulf of Paria (GP). In the silt fraction, the Corg concentration, TP and TN showed average
values of 1.53, 0.04 and 0.03%, respectively. The highest Corg, PT and NT values were recorded from silts from the PP with
a gradual increase towards the west and the lowest figures were found in the GP. In the clay fraction, Corg, TN and TP had
mean values of 1.64, 0.13 and 0.04%, respectively, and showed a spatial distribution very similar to the silt fraction, indicating
the influence of ocean currents and coastal upwelling patterns. The C/N ratio had an average of 23.67 and showed that the
Corg present in the PP sediments is of marine origin, resulting from primary productivity, especially towards the west. This
zone has been identified as the most productive in this region due to coastal upwelling and the influence of the Orinoco and
Amazon rivers (Gomez 1996; Monente 1997). In contrast, a greater variability in the parameters measured was found in the GP sediments, probably due to the mixing
of marine and continental Corg, confirming the influence of the Orinoco and Amazon waters brought by the Guyana Current. 相似文献
20.
Hyun-Ju Cha Man Sik Choi Chang-Bok Lee Dong-Hyeok Shin 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(5-6):685-697
We analyzed 77 surface sediment samples collected in the southwestern East/Japan Sea from the Korea Strait through the Ulleung Basin and the Korea Plateau for grain size, calcium carbonate, organic carbon, and major (Na, Mg, Al, Fe, K, Ca, and Ti) and trace elements (P, Mn, Sr, Li, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb).The chemical composition of the surface sediments was found to be highly variable spatially. Cluster analysis of surface sediment chemical compositions indicated five major geochemical sedimentary environments: basin, lower slope, coast and upper slope, inner shelf, and outer shelf. Continental-shelf sediments were rich in shell fragments and had relict and coarse-grained characteristics. Recent fine-grained sediments were only distributed in coastal, slope, and basin areas. Concentrations of Al, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Sc were highest in the coastal and upper slope areas and decreased with water depth. Elemental ratios using major and trace elements indicated that coastal and upper slope detrital sediments were mixtures of sediments derived from the Changjiang (Yangtze) and Nakdong Rivers. Although the concentrations of organic carbon, P, Mn, V, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pb increased with water depth, their distribution patterns indicated authigenic (V, Cu, and Pb) and diagenetic (Fe, P, Mn, Co, and Ni) origins. The distribution pattern with water depth suggested that the chemical composition of surface sediment was determined by sedimentologic and geochemical processes, such as the supply of detrital and biogenic materials, and authigenic and post-depositional diagenetic processes in sediments. 相似文献