共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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高岭土/胡敏酸复合体对重金属离子吸附解吸实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用高岭土对胡敏酸吸附形成稳定的有机一无机络合物,研究了高岭土／胡敏酸复合体对Cu^2＋、Cd^2＋和Cr^2＋的吸附。结果表明,胡敏酸对高岭土改性后能提高上述三种重金属离子的吸附性能,高岭土／胡敏酸复合体对三种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加,随离子强度的增加而减小。本文还研究了高岭土／胡敏酸复合体对上述三种重金属离子的吸附动力学,发现吸附过程可用Elovich方程和一级动力学方程进行较好的拟合。 相似文献
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煤系高岭岩特征及利用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对国内外煤系高岭岩矿物学、地球化学、显微结构，成因诸方面研究进行了回顾及评述，结合作者近年来对华北石炭一二叠纪煤系高岭石研究工作，认为生物及有机质在高岭岩成矿过程中起重要作用，同时指出煤系高岭岩开发利用的未来四个主攻方向：煅烧高岭土、提纯，超细及剥片、改性。 相似文献
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醋酸钾/偏高岭石插层复合材料的制备及机理研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用机械研磨法,成功制备了醋酸钾/偏高岭石插层复合材料.通过XRD、FTIR和TEM研究了插层前后偏高岭石结构的变化,提出了该复合材料的插层机理和结构模型:首先醋酸钾与水分子以配位键结合,然后通过机械研磨作用进入偏高岭石层间,并将偏高岭石片层撑开.当进行热处理时,水的挥发也会对偏高岭石片层起到撑开作用.最终导致偏高岭石被撑开、剥离.在插层复合材料中,醋酸根与偏高岭石的铝氧层通过水分子桥接方式连接,钾离子水合物为保持电中性,位于带负电的硅氧层附近. 相似文献
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浙江方家山高岭土矿床中高岭石亚族矿物的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
珍珠陶石、地开石和高岭石是高岭石亚族矿物的三种多型。其中高岭石最常见,地开石较少见,而珍珠陶石是十分罕见的多型。本文作者应用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱和醋酸钾夹层化合物的方法,研究了浙江方家山高岭石矿物特征。研究表明,用醋酸钾为夹带剂形成的珍珠陶石夹层化合物具有１４．０的特征衍射峰,经水分子取代后形成８．３５特征的珍珠陶石水合化合物,而高岭石仅部分形成７．３０水合夹层化合物。从而确定了方家山高岭土矿床是以高岭石为主含珍珠陶石的矿床,其珍珠陶石主要赋存于粗粒级的高岭土中。高岭石与珍珠陶石晶畴呈消长关系可能说明珍珠陶石是后期较强应力下由高岭石转变来的。 相似文献
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插层高岭石层间醋酸钾的作用和取向 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
利用X粉晶衍射和激光拉曼光谱实验分析高岭石及其醋酸钾插层物的结构。通过实验表明醋酸钾对结晶指数(HI)为0．9的高岭石进行插层．插层率为73％，使高岭石的d(001)由0．72075nm增加到1．42093nm。进入高岭石层间的醋酸根利用其羧基上的两个氧同时和高岭石的面内羟基形成氢键，在高岭石层间直立取向，而对其内羟基基本无影响。当温度升高时，与面内羟基伸缩振动有关的峰(3698cm^-1,3684cm^-1，3672cm^-1等)发生红移，且强度增加；而与内羟基伸缩振动有关的峰(3621cm^-1)则发生蓝移。温度升高到100C以上，开始发生去插层过程；直到250C，插层分子还不能完全从高岭石层间脱去。 相似文献
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高岭石插层复合物作为新型矿物材料现已被广泛应用。然而,插层复合物热稳定性较难控制使其在聚合物中的应用一直受到限制。本文应用热分析、X射线衍射、质谱及发射红外光谱等表征技术对煤系高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物受热分解产物及微结构变化进行了研究。结果表明,煤系高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物热相变主要经历以下几个阶段:插层水脱嵌(约350℃),插层剂醋酸钾脱嵌(约400℃),脱羟基(约450℃),偏高岭石形成(450~550℃),KHCO3出现(约600℃),KHCO3热分解形成K2CO3和KAl Si O4出现(约700℃),热解产品K2Al2Si O4出现(约800℃),K4Al2Si2O3出现(900~1000℃),大量K3Al O3形成阶段(1100℃及以上)。此外,还发现通过控制插层率和加热温度,可实现高岭石插层复合物的可控分解、新物相合成与转变,从而有利于新材料的合成。 相似文献
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高岭土的深加工与新材料 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
煅烧高岭土由于晶体结构的改变而引起理化性能的变化，所表现出的性能更加优异。利用高岭土的特殊层状结构，将一些强极性有机小分子插入到结构层间，生成有机插层材料，这种新的复合物将黏土矿物和有机化合物的各自特性有机结合，极大地开阔了高岭土的应用领域和“档次”。以高岭土为原料而开发成功的Sialon材料，由于所具备的优越的力学性能、高温性能及化学稳定性等，在冶金、航空、化工机械和药学等方面显现出了极好的应用前景。地聚物材料是以偏高岭土、碱激发剂为主要原料，具有与陶瓷性能相似的一种新材料。 相似文献
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改性高岭土对丁苯橡胶的增强和阻隔作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用化学改性的高岭土(MK)和沉淀白碳黑(PS)作为增强荆,与丁苯橡胶(SBR)进行熔融共混和乳液共混制备橡胶复合材料,并对其力学性能、气体阻隔性能、热稳定性能以及微观结构进行分析测试,结果表明:改性高岭土在丁苯橡胶基体中达到了纳米水平的均匀分散,片层多呈平行定向排列,对橡胶大分子具有圈闭限制作用,明显改善了复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能;另外,高岭石片层的不可穿透性,有效延长了气体分子在橡胶中的渗透路径,复合材料的透气率降低了40%～60%,气体阻隔性能得到了显著的提高;而且,片状结构的改性高岭土比球状结构的白碳黑更其有阻隔优势. 相似文献
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W. B. Li Z. Liu Z. F. Meng S. Ren S. E. Xu Y. Zhang M. Y. Wang 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(11):2639-2648
In this study, the changes of S DC curves (sum amount of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium cation and Ca2+/2 adsorbed on dodecyl dimethyl betaine-modified kaolin under different dodecyl trimethyl ammonium cation molar fractions) were analyzed to reveal the modification mechanism of cationic modifier (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) on amphoteric modified kaolin (kaolin modified by dodecyl dimethyl betaine). In addition, total organic carbon content and surface characteristics of different modified kaolins were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, specific surface area calculation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscope. Results showed that: (1) “S DC” curves of compositely modified kaolin with dodecyl dimethyl betaine-modified ratios of 15, 30 and 60 % started to rise (appeared hydrophobic binding) at dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-modified ratios of 16.80, 7.63, and 0.68 % (the critical point for different modification mechanisms), respectively. (2) Total organic carbon content of modified kaolins under different modification mechanisms showed hydrophobic modification mode > ion exchange and hydrophobic binding coexisting mode > ion exchange mode. Interlayer spacing showed no significant change under different modification modes. Specific surface area decreased slowly with enhanced hydrophobic modification mode. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry results showed the modification effects of both dodecyl dimethyl betaine and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide modification on kaolin surfaces. Scanning electron microscope results presented that the number of lamellar structures increased on clay surfaces with enhanced hydrophobic modification mode. 相似文献
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聚合物／蒙脱石纳米复合材料是当前材料科学的研究热点之一。本文在简述了蒙脱石的结构特征和表面有机修饰的基础上，讨论了聚合物／蒙脱石纳米复合材料的形成机理，即改性后蒙脱石内表面性由亲水性转变为亲油性，其片层被聚合物单体插层或撑开，并均匀分散在聚合物基体中，使复合材料的界面结合增强。该复合材料的结构通常采用XRD，TEM结合DSC，TGA，FT-IR，NMR及STM，AFM等方法来表征。最后重点介绍了该类材料的研究现状及技术发展趋势。 相似文献
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B. F. Gorbachev A. F. Sharapov P. V. Lyadskii N. T. Shmel'kov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2004,39(5):412-424
The South Ushkoty eluvial kaolin deposit discovered and explored by the authors is situated 20 km away from the railway in the Dombarov district of the Orenburg region. The deposit is localized in the axial zone of the East Ural Uplift. Leucogranites of the Upper Ushkoty Pluton serve as bedrocks. The deposit comprises five lodes, among which the largest deposit has a reserve of 40 Mt. The lodes are erosion remnants of the well-developed linear-areal weathering zone related to the fragments of Mesozoic peneplain at the hypsometric level not lower than 360 m. Variation of the kaolin zone thickness, the entire weathering zone, and the deposit morphology is largely governed by the nearly meridional and northeastern faults. Two productive zones—the normal kaolin (kaolinite + quartz) zone and the alkaline kaolin (kaolinite + quartz + potassium feldspar and/or muscovite) zones—are recognized in the weathering profile of leucogranites of the Upper Ushkoty Pluton. The alkaline kaolin is of commercial significance as a complex raw material if the potassium oxide content is above 3.5%. The composition and properties of the concentrated kaolin meet the requirements of its traditional consumers (fine ceramic works, paper mills, and others). The discovery of the South Ushkoty deposit confirmed the previous forecast on considerable prospects of the Orsk Transural region for kaolin. We hope that this discovery will stimulate the further investigation and assessment of resources in the Mugodzhary kaolin-bearing subprovince. 相似文献
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用酸处理及热处理+钠化综合方法,对金云母进行了结构修饰,得到具有低剩余层电荷的金云母,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMAB)对结构修饰金云母进行了有机插层改性。利用X射线衍射、化学成分分析、差热等方法对制得的样品进行了表征。研究了硝酸用量对金云母层间剩余负电荷的影响。结果表明,随着硝酸用量的增加,金云母阳离子交换容量和层间剩余负电荷逐渐减小;硝酸用量也影响有机分子在金云母层间的插层行为,当硝酸用量为100 mL时,有机分子烷基链在层间呈双层倾斜排列;当硝酸用量为150 mL时,烷基链在层间呈单层倾斜排列。 相似文献
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Pi Zhenbang Liu Zhuoqin Yang Chao Tian Xike Fei Jinbo Zheng Jianhua 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(1):26-29
A type of exfoliated kaolinite was produced by urea-intercalation and original microwave irradiation assisted method. The
product was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic
microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and laser particle analysis techniques. FT-IR spectra show that NHCO molecule
exists in the intercalated kaolinite. XRD analyses indicate that the kaolinite sheet-like structure was disordered after microwave
irradiation. The urea decomposition process and explosion effect between the sheet-like structures of kaolinite under microwave
irradiation were discussed. The SEM and BET analyses reveal that the end product is exfoliated kaolinite with thin particles
and increased surface area. Size and zeta potential analyses show that the particle size distribution is between 250 nm and
550 nm with normal distribution and the particle is negatively charged. In comparison with the conventional grind method,
the process adopted appears to be economic and the exfoliated kaolinite end product may display a significantly enhanced performance
in industrial applications. 相似文献