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1.
新疆富蕴--库尔勒剖面接收函数方法获得的地壳上地幔结构成像 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
利用远震接收函数方法处理宽频地震探测数据获得富蕴-库尔勒剖面地壳上地幔结构转换波成像.中天山南缘断裂下方自南向北Moho转换界面具有向北倾斜的特征,且此转换界面有间断,深度逐步由50 km加大到60～70 km.北天山北缘断裂北部下方相对连续的转换界面明显以较小的幅度向南俯冲延伸到80～90 km深度.中天山南缘断裂到乌鲁木齐之间,除间断、斜交和叠置的Moho转换界面外,还可见其他转换界面.乌鲁木齐以北,进入准噶尔盆地Moho转换界面相对平缓深度在50 km上下,最深处靠近天山附近.天山Moho面的加深、重叠以及地震发生的深度表明本区天山构造活动较强,天山的山根深度近100 km.相对于天山西段本区南北向的推挤作用明显减弱. 相似文献
2.
利用中法1995年布设在跨过阿尔金断裂剖面上的18个流动三分量地震台站记录到的近5个月的天然地震记录,经筛选得到533个高质量接收函数。通过速度分析和接收函数成像处理,得到了阿尔金断裂附近地壳结构的清晰图像。塔里木盆地的Moho界面非常清楚,近水平地位于~44km深度上。该界面以低缓的角度一直向南延伸到了阿尔金断裂附近的~70km的深度。阿尔金断裂以南柴达木盆地下面的Moho界面也十分清楚,近水平地位于~55km的深度上,在阿尔金断裂附近存在向上挠曲,并抬升到了~45km的深度上。在阿尔金断裂下方,Moho界面存在~15km的错断。塔里木盆地Moho之下还存在另一个震相,我们解释为沉积层多次波与可能来自Hales间断面转换波的复合震相。接收函数成像结果表明阿尔金断裂是一个超壳的岩石圈断裂,具有比较直立的产状和很狭窄的剪切变形带。根据这些结果,我们推测塔里木的下地壳可能要比柴达木的下地壳更硬,柴达木地壳增厚的原因可以部分归结于它有一个相对弱的下地壳,青藏高原隆升没有扩展到塔里木盆地是因为塔里木盆地具有更刚性的下地壳和岩石圈地幔。高原北部地壳变形应该是所谓青藏高原隆升的“硬”变形模式(Tapponnieretal... 相似文献
3.
为了调查羌塘盆地中部壳内低速层分布特征,对布设在羌塘盆地的TITAN-I宽频带地震台站所记录的远震波形数据进行接收函数分析,并引入时频域相位滤波技术改善接收函数信噪比,反演得到各台站下方100 km深度范围内的一维S波速度结构.结果表明,时频域相位滤波方法能够显著提高信噪比;羌塘盆地Moho深度为58±6 km,具有较高的泊松比值;中下地壳壳内低速层广泛分布,横向不连续,埋深在20~30 km,层厚6~12 km,剪切波速度为3.4±0.1 km/s;部分地区在埋深为10 km的中上地壳存在一层厚约4 km的低速薄层.羌塘盆地中下地壳壳内低速层是由于上涌的深部软流圈物质与下地壳发生大范围的接触,造成壳内及上地幔部分熔融引起的. 相似文献
4.
福建地区地壳上地幔S波速度结构与泊松比 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用在福建地区布置的 12 个宽频带数字地震流动台站和 8 个固定台站记录的远震 P 波波形数据进行接收函数计算,
运用H-k 搜索叠加方法得到了研究区的平均地壳厚度H 与波速比k（=VP/VS）,并运用接收函数反演方法得到了 0~80 km 范
围内的地壳和上地幔 S 波速度结构。H-k 叠加结果表明,福建地区地壳厚度在 28.4~32.8 km 范围内,从内陆到沿海变薄,
从南到北变厚;沿着 NW-SE 方向,泊松比分布有分带特征,沿海地区泊松比高于内陆地区;同时表明,该地区地壳可分
为上、中、下地壳,地壳结构横向差异较明显,多个台站下方可发现壳内低速层,沿海地区上地幔顶部平均速度相对低,
可能暗示了深部存在热异常区域。 相似文献
5.
接收函数分析是一种研究壳幔结构的主要技术手段。然而, 沉积层引起的多次波会影响壳幔结构特征的可靠研究。与常规Z-R-T坐标下提取接收函数不同, 本文尝试在L-Q-T坐标下提取P波与S波接收函数, 并将二者进行联合反演。通过正演模拟讨论了沉积层厚度对接收函数的影响和实例分析位于具有巨厚沉积的渭河盆地和河套盆地的两个台站, 验证了L-Q-T坐标下提取的P波接收函数能有效显示浅部地壳信息(如沉积层转换波信号), 而P波与S波接收函数联合反演能够有效压制沉积层引起的多次波信号。显示了联合反演方法更具优势, 除能获得界面深度信息, 还能获取速度信息。 相似文献
6.
当横波不平行也不垂直穿过裂缝时,会发生横波分裂现象。这里基于横波分裂理论,采用二维分量旋转方法进行转换波分裂分析。为了得到地层裂缝信息,提高宽方位转换波径向分量成像质量,利用宽方位转换波的径向和横向分量资料,完成了多层裂缝介质的各向异性分析。在此基础上,还完成了转换波方位各向异性校正研究。首先,利用分量旋转方法求出第一裂缝介质层的各向异性方向、快慢横波时延等参数;然后,将快、慢横波时延应用于慢波数据进行慢波时延补偿;最后,根据第一层的方位角将快波和补偿后的慢波旋转回原来的径向和横向分量方向。这样,就完成了第一裂缝层的各向异性分析,同时还得到第一层的裂缝方向、裂缝密度、补偿后的径向分量等数据。依此类推,进行以下裂缝层的各向异性分析。该转换波各向异性分析技术已应用于川西XC气田的宽方位三维三分量地震数据处理,不但得到了裂缝参数,而且还消除了宽方位转换波的方位各向异性影响,提高了转换波径向分量的成像质量。 相似文献
7.
盐下转换波迭前深度偏移成像：墨西哥湾Mahogany地区 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用迭前深度偏移方法处理了墨西哥湾Ｍａｈｏｇａｎｙ地区的四分量海义革震（４Ｃ－ＯＢＳ）测量数据中的水平分量,水平分量数据主要包含Ｐ－Ｓ转换波能量,这些转换波在从Ｐ波变为Ｓ波的传播路径中至少有一次波转换。利用本文介绍的技术,浅层低速沉积、盐体的顶和底以脑盐下沉积都得到了成像。 相似文献
8.
利用长江中下游成矿带多学科深部探测剖面于2009年11月至2011年3月间采集的天然地震数据,通过天然地震接收函数成像等分析研究,得到了研究区地壳和上地幔结构的清晰图像.接收函数成像结果显示研究区内Moho面深度存在着明显的起伏变化,在长江中下游成矿带(指剖面穿过的长江中下游成矿带宁芜矿集区,下同)下方存在着“幔隆构造”.在剖面东南端(即扬子克拉通北缘),Moho面相对稳定,深度约为30km;在茅山和江南断裂附近,Moho面存在上下起伏现象;在剖面中部或宁芜矿集区下方,Moho面存在明显隆起,深度只有28km;在郯庐断裂带下方,Moho面明显加深,深度达到36km;进一步向北到华北地台南缘,Moho面深度逐渐恢复到了32km左右的平均深度水平.其次,我们在接收函数成像结果中发现,长江中下游成矿带与其周边下地壳结构存在着明显的差异,成矿带的下地壳具有显著的地震波方位各向异性.扬子克拉通北缘的下地壳呈高速的近水平状结构,地震波各向异性特征不明显;与此相比,长江中下游成矿带的下地壳虽然也呈近水平状结构特征,但是,对于沿成矿带走向方向传播的地震波,其下地壳具有高速特征,而对于垂直于成矿带走向方向上传播的地震波,其下地壳却又表现为低速特征,这意味着成矿带的下地壳存在着平行于成矿带走向(即近北东南西)方向的地震波各向异性,我们解释其是下地壳熔融并沿成矿带走向水平流动导致矿物晶体定向排列的结果.最后,在郯庐断裂以西的华北地台南缘观测到一条从上地壳延伸到中下地壳的南南东向倾斜的转换震相,我们推测它可能是合肥盆地内地壳伸展构造的反映.此外,我们发现接收函数成像结果中观测到的“幔隆构造”与远震P波层析成像结果在成矿带下方150km深度上显示的上地幔低速异常(江国明等,另文发表)存在着良好的对应关系,我们解释它们是软流圈物质上涌的遗迹.综合天然地震接收函数成像、远震P波层析成像和前人关于岩浆岩等方面的研究成果,我们认为长江中下游成矿带现今的下地壳可能是中生代发生成矿作用的多级岩浆房系统的一部分,成矿带的形成可能是类似MASH过程的产物.首先,软流圈物质上涌导致了长江中下游成矿带及其周边拉张环境的形成,在其上部地壳中形成了一系列伸展构造;然后,软流圈物质通过底侵进入长江中下游成矿带的原下地壳并与原下地壳物质发生同化作用,形成类埃达克质岩浆;接着,类埃达克质岩浆沿着伸展、拆离构造上升到地壳浅部形成不同层次的岩浆房和侵入岩体,并与围岩作用形成矿床. 相似文献
9.
长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳结构——MASH成矿过程的P波接收函数成像证据？ 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用长江中下游成矿带多学科深部探测剖面于2009年11月至2011年3月间采集的天然地震数据,通过天然地震接收函数成像等分析研究,得到了研究区地壳和上地幔结构的清晰图像。接收函数成像结果显示研究区内Moho面深度存在着明显的起伏变化,在长江中下游成矿带(指剖面穿过的长江中下游成矿带宁芜矿集区,下同)下方存在着"幔隆构造"。在剖面东南端(即扬子克拉通北缘),Moho面相对稳定,深度约为30km;在茅山和江南断裂附近,Moho面存在上下起伏现象;在剖面中部或宁芜矿集区下方,Moho面存在明显隆起,深度只有28km;在郯庐断裂带下方,Moho面明显加深,深度达到36km;进一步向北到华北地台南缘,Moho面深度逐渐恢复到了32km左右的平均深度水平。其次,我们在接收函数成像结果中发现,长江中下游成矿带与其周边下地壳结构存在着明显的差异,成矿带的下地壳具有显著的地震波方位各向异性。扬子克拉通北缘的下地壳呈高速的近水平状结构,地震波各向异性特征不明显;与此相比,长江中下游成矿带的下地壳虽然也呈近水平状结构特征,但是,对于沿成矿带走向方向传播的地震波,其下地壳具有高速特征,而对于垂直于成矿带走向方向上传播的地震波,其下地壳却又表现为低速特征,这意味着成矿带的下地壳存在着平行于成矿带走向(即近北东—南西)方向的地震波各向异性,我们解释其是下地壳熔融并沿成矿带走向水平流动导致矿物晶体定向排列的结果。最后,在郯庐断裂以西的华北地台南缘观测到一条从上地壳延伸到中下地壳的南南东向倾斜的转换震相,我们推测它可能是合肥盆地内地壳伸展构造的反映。此外,我们发现接收函数成像结果中观测到的"幔隆构造"与远震P波层析成像结果在成矿带下方150km深度上显示的上地幔低速异常(江国明等,另文发表)存在着良好的对应关系,我们解释它们是软流圈物质上涌的遗迹。综合天然地震接收函数成像、远震P波层析成像和前人关于岩浆岩等方面的研究成果,我们认为长江中下游成矿带现今的下地壳可能是中生代发生成矿作用的多级岩浆房系统的一部分,成矿带的形成可能是类似MASH过程的产物。首先,软流圈物质上涌导致了长江中下游成矿带及其周边拉张环境的形成,在其上部地壳中形成了一系列伸展构造;然后,软流圈物质通过底侵进入长江中下游成矿带的原下地壳并与原下地壳物质发生同化作用,形成类埃达克质岩浆;接着,类埃达克质岩浆沿着伸展、拆离构造上升到地壳浅部形成不同层次的岩浆房和侵入岩体,并与围岩作用形成矿床。 相似文献
10.
11.
The strong interaction between the eastward flow escaping from Tibet and the rigid Sichuan Basin resulted in the rise of the Longmenshan. However, the detailed dynamics in the mantle remains controversial. In this study, the structure of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath eastern Tibet and Sichuan Basin is investigated using 5080 receiver functions from 51 broadband stations. The depth of the 410 km discontinuity is close to the global average, except for the Longmenshan where the 410 and 660-km discontinuities are found to be depressed by up to 10–25 km and 5–10 km, respectively. The observed simultaneous depressions of the 410 and 660-km discontinuities distributed along the LMS, together with proofs from tomography and regional tectonics, suggest that asthenospheric flow sinks into the MTZ, resulting in a high velocity zone, as well as variation in the MTZ thickness. The depressions are not from the traditional Clapeyron slopes or temperature variation. Also, the depression of the 410 km discontinuity and the dehydration of wadsleyite are syngenetic, both of which originate from the dry mantle flow traveling across the old 410 km interface. 相似文献
12.
J. R. Kayal V. K. Srivastava P. Kumar Rima Chatterjee P. K. Khan 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(1):76-80
A three-component broadband seismograph is in operation since January 2007 at the Indian School of Mines (ISM) campus, Dhanbad.
We have used the broadband (BB) seismograms of 17 teleseismic events (M ≥ 5.8) recorded by this single BB station during 2008–09
to estimate the crust and upper mantle discontinuities in Dhanbad area which falls in the peninsular India shield. The converted
wave technique and the Receiver function analysis are used. A 1-D velocity model has been derived using inversion. The Mohorovicic
(Moho) discontinuity (crustal thickness) below the ISM observatory is estimated to be ∼41 km, with an average Poisson ratio
of ∼0.28, suggesting that the crust below the Dhanbad area is intermediate to mafic in nature. The single station BB data
shed new light to the estimate of crustal thickness beneath the eastern India shield area, which was hitherto elusive. Further,
it is observed that the global upper mantle discontinuity at 410 km is delayed by ∼0.6 sec compared to the IASP-91 global
model; this may be explained by a slower/hotter upper mantle; while the 660 km discontinuity is within the noise level of
data. 相似文献
13.
相位加权叠加方法在探测鄂尔多斯东南缘地壳结构中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用在鄂尔多斯东南缘地区宽频带流动地震台阵记录的远震数据,提取各台站的接收函数,并利用相位加权方
法进行单台多震叠加、H -κ叠加以及共转换点叠加,获得了研究区莫霍过渡带的深度及其变化趋势。研究结果显示,莫霍的
深度由鄂尔多斯块体往东南方向逐渐变浅,在不同区域莫霍具有不同的特征：鄂尔多斯的莫霍深度在42~38 km;渭河-山
西地堑的莫霍出现约3 km的上隆;熊耳-伏牛山的莫霍深度在35~33 km;河淮盆地的莫霍形态比较复杂。相位加权叠加方
法能有效地压制相关性不好的噪音,在部分受噪音及沉积层多次波干扰的台站记录中,对突出莫霍的转换波Ps震相有很大
的帮助。 相似文献
14.
Analysis of teleseismic records obtained in two broadband seismic stations of three components located on the Andean region of Colombia is presented in this work. The two stations are located at the Western Cordillera (WC), station BOL, and at the Central Cordillera (CC), station PBLA. The analysis of seismograms was performed by inversion of the receiver functions (RF) in order to obtain the crustal velocity structure beneath the receivers. The receiver function is a spectral ratio obtained from teleseismic earthquakes recorded by broadband seismic stations, which allows the calculation of the velocity structure beneath the receiver by removing source effects in the horizontal components of the seismic traces. Data stacking was performed in order to improve signal to noise ratio and then the data was inverted by using two optimization algorithms: a genetic algorithm (GA), and a simulated annealing algorithm (SA). The present work calculates the receiver functions using teleseismic earthquakes at epicentral distances (Δ) ranging between 30° and 90° and recorded at the two stations within the years 2007 and 2009.Delay times between P and PS waves converted at the Moho boundary were used to constrain the velocity structure. The receiver functions at the stations were generated from seismic events within a broad range of back azimuth. Data from gravity and magnetism were also used during the geophysical survey. The depth of the Moho boundary was found to be at 40 km in the WC beneath station BOL and at 43 km in the CC beneath station PBLA. The upper crust, with a thickness of 5 km, is characterized by a shear wave velocity of about 3.0 km s−1; the shallower layers, at approximately 1.0 km, have shear wave velocities between 2.2 and 2.6 km s−1, which corresponds to sediments overlying the upper crust. These observations support the hypothesis of a thickness of the crust at the root of the mountain range to be between 32 and 50 km. The calculated receiver functions were compared with artificial ones generated from the inversion of 48000 models of horizontal layers for each station using a GA and an SA that allowed a satisfactory coverage of all the sample space in order to avoid non-unique solutions. Beneath station BOL a moderate low-velocity zone (LVZ) was found, which was caused by accretionary processes of the ophiolite complex in the WC. 相似文献
15.
Average one-dimensional P and S wavespeed models from the surface to depths of 800 km were derived for the southern African region using travel times and waveforms from earthquakes recorded at stations of the Kaapvaal and South African seismic networks. The Herglotz–Wiechert method combined with ray tracing was used to derive a preliminary P wavespeed model, followed by refinements using phase-weighted stacking and synthetic seismograms to yield the final model. Travel times combined with ray tracing were used to derive the S wavespeed model, which was also refined using phase-weighted stacking and synthetic seismograms. The presence of a high wavespeed upper mantle lid in the S model overlying a low wavespeed zone (LWZ) around 210- to 345-km depth that is not observed in the P wavespeed model was inferred.
The 410-km discontinuity shows similar characteristics to that in other continental regions, but occurs slightly deeper at 420 km. Depletion of iron and/or enrichment in aluminium relative to other regions are the preferred explanation, since the P wavespeeds throughout the transition zone are slightly higher than average. The average S wavespeed structure beneath southern Africa within and below the transition zone is similar to that of the IASP91 model. There is no evidence for discontinuity at 520-km depth. The 660-km discontinuity also appears to be slightly deeper than average (668 km), although the estimated thickness of the transition zone is 248 km, similar to the global average of 241 km. The small size of the 660-km discontinuity for P waves, compared with many other regions, suggests that interpretation of the discontinuity as the transformation of spinel to perovskite and magnesiowüstite may require modification. Alternative explanations include the presence of garnetite-rich material or ilmenite-forming phase transformations above the 660-km discontinuity, and the garnet–perovskite transformation as the discontinuity. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,61(5):353-362
We analyzed a total of 206 receiver functions beneath Kottamiya broadband station in northern Egypt to study the crustal structure and any azimuthal variations in the crustal thickness. The computed receiver functions are subdivided according to their azimuth into eight subgroups and analyzed separately using a genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm is more appropriate than conventional linearized inversion schemes in regions where there is little a priori information about local crustal structures such as northern Egypt because it does not strongly depend on an initial model. The study region is located on the unstable shelf of Egypt in the northeastern corner of Africa. Little information about the deep structure of the crust beneath this region is available. For this reason, we have adopted the genetic algorithm to seismic waveform data recorded by Kottamiya broadband station. The crustal thickness varies slightly from 32 to 34 km with an average of 32.25 km, which is consistent with previous studies in the region. The crustal thickness shows a tendency of decrease toward the east and northeast being consistent with the general tectonic setting of the region including the opening of the Red Sea in the Tertiary times. Nonetheless, more teleseismic receiver functions from earthquakes recorded at denser seismic stations in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean combined with surface wave dispersion data as well as other geophysical investigations are necessary for more detailed imaging of the crustal structure which will deepen our understanding of the current tectonic and seismic activities of the region. 相似文献
17.
T. Gasparik 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(3):170-180
Multianvil experiments were carried out at 10–15 GPa and 1600–1700 °C to match the compositions of majoritic garnet inclusions
from diamonds, and to determine the compositions of other phases potentially coexisting with these inclusions in the source.
Most experiments produced coexisting majoritic garnet, diopsidic clinopyroxene, one or more (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 polymorphs, and quenched carbonatic melt. The experimental garnets had relatively high Ca and Fe contents similar to the
observed Ca and Fe contents of the inclusions. The resulting Si contents confirmed that the depth of origin of the inclusion
with the highest Si content did not exceed 410 km, thus none of the majoritic garnet inclusions found so far originated in
the transition zone (410–660 km). The evidence from inclusions and experiments is consistent with the presence of an eclogite
layer occurring globally between 200 and 410 km. Compositional variations observed among more than 100 majoritic garnet inclusions
with their Si content, which is a measure of pressure and depth, are consistent with the origin of the eclogite layer by crystal
fractionation in a magma ocean. The compositions of olivine coexisting with majoritic garnet in the experimental products
had the average Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios between 0.16 and 0.28. Inclusions with such high Fe contents have not been found; the
Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio of the olivine inclusions in diamonds usually varies between 0.05 and 0.09. Hence, the mantle between 200
and 410 km may not contain olivine. In the absence of olivine, the discontinuity at 410 km is most likely a chemical boundary
between the 200-km-thick eclogite layer and a more mafic transition zone.
Received: 15 March 2001 / Accepted: 14 September 2001 相似文献
18.
We investigate the upper mantle velocity structure through processing first arrival data from peaceful nuclear explosions. The reported 2D model has been obtained by ray tracing for a spherical Earth, unlike the classical plane-approximation approach with subsequent spherical symmetry corrections, which is not always applicable to a laterally heterogeneous subsurface. The upper mantle velocity highs and lows imaged to 200–220 km depths show obvious correlation with major structures of the craton basement. Namely, low-velocity zones are observed beneath basins, the largest (to 8.0–8.1 km/s) under the Vendian–Early Cambrian Sayan–Yenisei syneclise. A discontinuous high-velocity layer (8.6–8.7 km/s) at depths between 150 and 240 km is underlain by a zone of lower velocity (8.50–8.55 km/s) down to the 410 km discontinuity, where the velocity at the top of the transition zone is 9.4–9.5 km/s. 相似文献
19.
Garnet‐controlled very low velocities in the lower mantle transition zone at sites of mantle upwelling 
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下载免费PDF全文 Deep mantle plumes and associated increased geotherms are expected to cause an upward deflection of the lower–upper mantle boundary and an overall thinning of the mantle transition zone between about 410 and 660 km depth. We use subsequent forward modelling of mineral assemblages, seismic velocities, and receiver functions to explain the common paucity of such observations in receiver function data. In the lower mantle transition zone, large horizontal differences in seismic velocities may result from temperature‐dependent assemblage variations. At this depth, primitive mantle compositions are dominated by majoritic garnet at high temperatures. Associated seismic velocities are expected to be much lower than for ringwoodite‐rich assemblages at undisturbed thermal conditions. Neglecting this ultralow‐velocity zone at upwelling sites can cause a miscalculation of the lower–upper mantle boundary on the order of 20 km. 相似文献